Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Scott Weichenthal, Lauren Pinault, Tanya Christidis, Richard T. Burnett, Jeffrey R. Brook, Yen Chu, Dan L. Crouse, Anders C. Erickson, Perry Hystad, Chi Li, Randall V. Martin, Jun Meng, Amanda J. Pappin, Michael Tjepkema, Aaron van Donkelaar, Crystal L. Weagle, Michael Brauer
Summary: The World Health Organization has released new guidelines recommending an annual average concentration of 5.g/m(3) for outdoor fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5). A study conducted in a low exposure environment found a supralinear concentration-response relationship between outdoor PM2.5 and mortality at very low concentrations. The updated global concentration-response function suggests that outdoor PM2.5 is responsible for an additional 1.5 million deaths globally annually compared to previous estimates.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joelle Houriet, Warren S. Vidar, Preston K. Manwill, Daniel A. Todd, Nadja B. Cech
Summary: Data preprocessing is crucial for untargeted mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis, and setting low signal thresholds can provide the most information-rich datasets. However, for qualitative comparisons, setting high thresholds may reduce complexity and computational time required for data processing.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Lasse Jakobsen, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, Peter Moller Juhl, Coen P. H. Elemans
Summary: Sound is essential for communication and navigation across the animal kingdom, with animals evolving to produce incredibly loud sounds that push against physical limits rather than physiological ones. The loudest animals in air show remarkable similarity in the highest source levels (SLs) produced, reaching maximum pressures of 140-150 dB(peak) re 20 mu Pa, while toothed whales produce the loudest SLs in water up to 240 dB(peak) re 1 mu Pa.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
D. H. Brand, A. M. Kirby, J. R. Yarnold, N. Somaiah
Summary: Hypofractionated radical radiotherapy has become the standard of care for tumors like prostate and breast cancer, and there are more profoundly hypofractionated (ultrahypofractionated) schedules being explored. The effects of hypo fractionation on acute toxicity, late toxicity, and local control in radiotherapy studies vary. This review discusses these effects from the perspective of traditional radiobiological principles and considers non-canonical radiobiological effects that may be relevant to ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matteo Baggioli
Summary: This study explores the collision of shear diffusion mode and nonhydrodynamic relaxation mode in liquids and plasmas, leading to the formation of propagating shear waves known as k-gap, and explains the low-frequency elastic behavior in confined liquids. Additionally, it shows that critical points in complex space, such as the k-gap, determine the convergence radius of linear hydrodynamics. Furthermore, the study reveals that the convergence radius in real liquids is influenced by temperature and electromagnetic interactions, with the Wigner-Seitz radius serving as a natural microscopic bound.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming-Wei Wang, Wei Fan, Xiaonan Li, Yujian Liu, Zuoyu Li, Wei Jiang, Jishan Wu, Zhaohui Wang
Summary: The creation and development of carbon nanomaterials have greatly advanced material science. Bottom-up synthesis has been an efficient strategy to synthesize atomically precise carbon nanomaterials, known as molecular carbons, with different sizes and topologies. This Perspective introduces recent progress in molecular carbons derived from various carbon nanomaterials and discusses their relationship. The presentation of multiple viewpoints is expected to facilitate further advancement in this field.
Article
Orthopedics
Lukas F. Heilmann, Julia Sussiek, Michael J. Raschke, Martin F. Langer, Andre Frank, Jens Wermers, Philipp A. Michel, Felix Dyrna, Benedikt Schliemann, J. Christoph Katthagen
Summary: The study aimed to determine the maximum amount of coracoid that can be resected during arthroscopic coracoplasty without causing coracoid fracture or avulsion of the conjoint tendon. The results showed that even a 3-mm coracoplasty significantly weakened the coracoid, but the individual failure loads were higher than the predicted daily living activities loads, suggesting that a critical value of 4 mm of coracoid thickness should be preserved to ensure stability.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Radim Barta, Vyacheslav Volotovskyy, Keith Wachowicz, B. Gino Fallone, Nicola De Zanche
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of emerging conductor technology on RF coils, finding that thin aluminum conductors (especially 9 μm in thickness) significantly reduce SNR, while thin copper conductors (less than 32 μm in thickness) only slightly decrease SNR compared to thick copper conductors.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Arthur J. Olch, Parham Alaei
Summary: The study showed that CBCT dose can be lowered to a level similar to kV image pair dose without compromising positioning accuracy, even for pediatric patient treatments. Translational shifts were within 0.3 and 1.6 mm, while rotational shifts were within 0.2 degree and 0.7 degrees for all sites, when using reduced dose CBCT and kV image pair alignment.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy
Summary: This article discusses the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma and highlights the substantial long-term sequelae despite improved survival rates. It raises the question of how to safely de-escalate therapy without compromising its effectiveness.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hyeck-Soo Son, Mohammed Rigi, Divya Srikumaran, Charles G. G. Eberhart, Albert S. S. Jun, Uri S. S. Soiberman
Summary: The purpose of this study was to measure the thickness of the residual central corneal bed after performing the manual Groove and Peel deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty technique on human cadaveric eyes. The results showed that the GP-DALK technique is effective in removing most of the corneal stroma and may be non-inferior to big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in some cases.
Article
Oncology
J. Scott Beeler, Kelly L. Bolton
Summary: This review discusses sequencing methods and bioinformatic approaches for the detection of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and provides practical recommendations. Furthermore, it explores how improvements in CH sequencing and bioinformatic methods can help characterize CH trajectories, understand its impact on human health, and develop therapeutic approaches to mitigate its adverse effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raphael Zufferey, Jesus Tormo-Barbero, Daniel Feliu-Talegon, Saeed Rafee Nekoo, Jose Angel Acosta, Anibal Ollero
Summary: This paper presents a method to autonomously land a flapping-wing robot on a branch. By utilizing a flight controller, an optical correction system, and a claw attachment, the robot successfully perches on a branch, paving the way for the application of flapping-wing robots in various fields.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ivan Faiella, Luciano Lavecchia
Summary: Energy poverty is a complex issue involving household income, energy costs, and housing energy efficiency. Despite growing interest in addressing energy poverty, there are still challenges in defining and measuring it. Italy has adopted a new official measure showing over 2.2 million energy-poor households in 2016.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Menno Pruijm, Olivier Phan, Anne Zanchi
Summary: The progression of chronic kidney disease is challenging to halt once established. A comparative clinical trial between metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease is lacking. In this study, the effects of metformin and canagliflozin in treating moderate chronic kidney disease were compared in a rat model.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lisbeth Schmid, Andrea Klang, Nikola Katic, Agustina Anson, Michaela Gumpenberger, Sibylle Kneissl
VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND
(2018)
Article
Biology
Christian T. Herbst, Hiroki Koda, Takumi Kunieda, Juri Suzuki, Maxime Garcia, W. Tecumseh Fitch, Takeshi Nishimura
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Michael A. Pardo, Joyce H. Poole, Angela S. Stoeger, Peter H. Wrege, Caitlin E. O'Connell-Rodwell, Udaha Kapugedara Padmalal, Shermin de Silva
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biology
Veronika C. Beeck, Gunnar Heilmann, Michael Kerscher, Angela S. Stoeger
Summary: The study reveals how Asian elephants produce species-specific squeaks through closed-mouth lip vibration. The acoustic and temporal parameters exhibit high variability, enabling individual but not call-subtype classification. The findings suggest that squeak production involves social learning and offers insights into vocal and cognitive flexibility in mammals.
Article
Biology
Angela S. Stoeger, Anton Baotic
Summary: Elephants exhibit vocal plasticity and can learn vocal production, but little is known about contextual learning in elephant communication. Research shows that African elephants can vocalize in response to verbal cues, producing social calls. Different forms of social learning increase the complexity of a communication system.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sabrina Bettoni, Angela Stoeger, Camilo Rodriguez, W. Tecumseh Fitch
Summary: The study acoustically described vocalizations of the neotropical otter for the first time, revealing a rich vocal repertoire and sex differences in call usage. It suggests that despite differences in sociality and ecology, neotropical otters possess homologous vocalizations compared to other otters, offering an interesting group to explore the evolution of communication systems.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Florian D. Huels, Angela S. Stoeger
Summary: This study observed the sentinel behavior of captive meerkat groups and found that they behave similarly to wild groups. Some individuals perform guard duty more frequently, with the existence of "super sentinels." Playbacks showed that sentinels have stronger reactions to calls of predatory bird species, indicating their ability to categorize bird calls. Overall, sentinel behavior appears to be a combination of innate patterns and experience, suggesting that future studies could further explore the influence of experience on group-specific sentinel behavior patterns in captive meerkats.
Article
Biology
Angela S. Stoeger, Anton Baotic, Gunnar Heilmann
Summary: African elephants produce idiosyncratic sounds using unique sound production mechanisms, with each individual having its own specific strategy. Social feedback and positive reinforcement can enhance vocal creativity and learning behaviors in elephants, highlighting the importance of understanding their communication system.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evelyn Fuchs, Veronika C. Beeck, Anton Baotic, Angela S. Stoeger
Summary: Most studies on elephant vocal communication have focused on the low-frequency rumble, but research reveals that the contour of the fundamental frequency of elephant trumpets encodes individual information, and the presence of non-linear phenomena in trumpets may enhance the potential for individual recognition.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Britta Vidoni, Masoud Aghapour, Sibylle Kneissl, Aldo Vezzoni, Michaela Gumpenberger, Harald Hechinger, Alexander Tichy, Barbara Bockstahler
Summary: Canine hip dysplasia, an important orthopedic disorder, involves factors like body weight, heredity, and growth. Early diagnosis can aid in planning preventive methods, and accurate screening methods improve detection. Evaluation of radiographic parameters among experienced observers showed high agreement for quantitative values, suggesting reliability and potential for increased accuracy when combined with clinical exams.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Veronika C. Beeck, Gunnar Heilmann, Michael Kerscher, Angela S. Stoeger
Summary: This study used an acoustic camera to visualize the sound emission of rumbles in Asian elephants, revealing that most rumbles are emitted through the trunk, while some are emitted through the mouth or both. Nasal rumbles have more energy in lower frequencies, while oral and mixed rumbles have a broader energy distribution and are louder.
Article
Acoustics
Christian T. Herbst, Brad H. Story
Summary: This article systematically evaluates the concept of formant tuning in singing voice pedagogy and finds that different voice classes have fundamentally different strategies for optimizing sound output.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Anton Baotic, Beth Brady, Eric Angel Ramos, Angela S. Stoeger
Summary: Vocal production learning is crucial for human speech production and language acquisition and has evolved independently in various species. This ability is observed in songbirds, mammals, and elephants, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms and adaptive relevance within the elephant's natural communication system.
COMPARATIVE COGNITION & BEHAVIOR REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alexandra Hund, Michaela Gumpenberger, Denise Thaller, Johann Kofler
VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anton Baotic, Maxime Garcia, Markus Boeckle, Angela Stoeger