Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xiao Liang, Xuewei Wang, Litong Lyu, Yanjun Han, Jinjin Zheng, Wenwu Guo, Jingbo Guo
Summary: This study introduces an accurate and efficient blur detection method that uses a sequency spectrum-based blur metric and a multi-scale fusion segmentation framework to differentiate blurry and sharp regions. Experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves state-of-the-art performance with a good balance between cost and benefit, showing great potential for applications in complex sensing environments.
COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Robia Arif, Mohamed Abdelsabour Fahmy, Naima Amin, Shabieh Farwa, Ayesha Sohail, Khaled A. Gepreel
Summary: The control of Zika virus transmission and the recommendation of delayed pregnancy to avoid fetal complications are studied using a computational model. Useful conclusions are drawn from the dynamic analysis.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Christopher D. Buckley, Lorna Chernajovsky, Yuti Chernajovsky, Louise K. Modis, Luke A. O'Neill, Doug Brown, Rachel Connor, David Coutts, Elizabeth A. Waterman, Paul P. Tak
Summary: In order for new treatments for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases to emerge, a radical new approach is urgently needed. This approach should move the field from being based on clinical signs and symptoms to one that is based on immunological and molecular mechanisms. It is essential to view IMIDs as having shared common pathogenic cells and pathways, and target therapies at these specific cells and processes rather than clinical features.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pengcheng Jia, Liang Qin, Di Zhao, Yang Tang, Bo Song, Junhan Guo, Xiaomeng Li, Ling Li, Qiuhong Cui, Yufeng Hu, Zhidong Lou, Feng Teng, Yanbing Hou
Summary: The performance of perovskite solar cells is greatly influenced by the crystallization of the perovskite active layer, with neatly arranged crystal grains promoting less residual charge and improved device performance. The testing of residual charge at grain boundaries provides insight into carrier trap and detrap characteristics in photovoltaic devices.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Kordek, Laura K. Young, Jan Kremlacek
Summary: In a low-cost laboratory setup, digital defocus was used to replicate dioptric blur without a significant change in visual acuity in emmetropic subjects, even at a near observing distance of 60 cm.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Muhammad Tayyab Raza, Suyoun Park, Anshula Tandon, Sungjin Lee, Thi Hong Nhung Vu, Thi Bich Ngoc Nguyen, Sung Ha Park
Summary: The construction of nanostructures with nanometre-scale precision through DNA building blocks relies on self-assembly, base-pair complementarity, and sequence programmability. Multi-step annealing and the use of boundaries allow for efficient and effective construction of target lattices. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) visualization confirms the successful formation of target DNA lattices within single crystals.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mathieu Labussiere, Celine Teuliere, Frederic Bernardin, Omar Ait-Aider
Summary: This paper presents a novel calibration algorithm for plenoptic cameras, especially in the multi-focus configuration. By explicitly modeling defocus blur using the newly introduced Blur Aware Plenoptic (BAP) feature, the calibration process becomes more accurate and efficient.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hooman Mehdizadeh-Rad, Farhad Mehdizadeh-Rad, Furong Zhu, Jai Singh
Summary: By developing a comprehensive mathematical model, the study simulated a perovskite solar cell and validated the model's accuracy. The impact of grain boundary diameter on the operating temperature was investigated, with a focus on the role of thermalization and thermal power at grain boundaries.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yunshi Huang, Emilie Chouzenoux, Victor Elvira
Summary: This paper tackles the challenging inverse problem of identifying parameters of spatially variant blurs through a Bayesian approach combined with sequential Monte Carlo method, proposing a new sampling method to address degeneracy in approximate Bayesian filtering. The experimental results illustrate the improved estimation performance of the novel approach in image restoration and the benefits of exploiting the spatial structure of parametric blurs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kushagra Bansal, Daniel A. Michelson, Ricardo N. Ramirez, Aaron D. Viny, Ross L. Levine, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Summary: Aire controls immunological tolerance by driving promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). It impacts higher-order chromatin structure, favoring transcriptional loops while disfavoring architectural loops. Aire interacts with cohesin and NIPBL, influencing gene expression in a manner similar to the loss of the cohesin subunit SA-2.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Usman Ali, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood
Summary: This paper presents a robust regularization scheme for enhancing the initial blur map in single image blur detection. The proposed technique leverages the structural differences between the guidance and the initial blur map to optimize a nonconvex energy function. By solving the nonconvex problem using a majorize-minimize algorithm, an improved blur map is obtained that is both smooth and preserves edges. This results in high-quality blur segmentation.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Na Sun, Manolis Kellis
Summary: In this issue of Neuron, Meijer and Agirre et al. (2022) demonstrate that immune genes are primed in a chromatin state in healthy oligodendroglia and become transcriptionally activated in multiple sclerosis (MS) through a series of epigenetic activations, including histone modification deposition, transcription factor binding, and chromatin reconfiguration.
Review
Immunology
Huaguo Tang, Yuanjie Gu, Lei Jiang, Gang Zheng, Zhuoer Pan, Xiugui Jiang
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition worldwide. The immune response plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration and functional recovery from SCI. New biological technologies have allowed for more precise classification of the heterogeneity of immune components. This review focuses on the roles of various immune cells and chemicals in SCI and summarizes clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies and promising therapeutic drugs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Erica M. Orsini, Apostolos Perelas, Brian D. Southern, Lisa M. Grove, Mitchell A. Olman, Rachel G. Scheraga
Summary: Innate immune cells are able to sense and respond to their physical environment through mechanical signals transmitted via mechanosensitive ion channels and cell adhesion molecules, which then activate intracellular signaling pathways to regulate gene expression and cellular function. Understanding how immune cells interpret mechanical information may provide potential targets for treating human diseases. Areas of future studies include autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and malignant conditions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Wu, Xiang Shi, Meixi Jiang, Hongxu Liu
Summary: Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a major obstacle in current cancer therapy. CSCs play a significant role in tumor progression, recurrence, and chemoresistance due to their stemness characteristics. CSCs interact with the tumor microenvironment through complex mechanisms, and also engage in interactions with immune cells and molecules to protect themselves against immune clearance. Understanding these interactions may provide novel therapeutic approaches to cancer.