Article
Biology
Thomas W. Scott, Geoff Wild
Summary: Social behaviours are typically modelled using neighbour-modulated fitness, but the interpretation is often unclear. This study presents a systematic methodology for constructing inclusive-fitness models, which focuses on individuals altering the fitness of neighbours. The approach is simpler and provides a clearer narrative of inclusive fitness compared to traditional neighbour-modulated fitness methodologies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Emma V. Long, Lenny R. Vartanian, Kate Faasse, Suzanne Higgs
Summary: Recent research suggests that social facilitation of eating may be driven by people's tendency to make more food available even before social meals begin, and people may not be aware of how their behavior is influenced by the social context.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Dario A. Chisholm, Luca Innocenti, G. Massimo Palma
Summary: This paper points out that redundancy and consensus are different in the context of quantum objectivity, quantifying different features of the quantum-to-classical transition. The two main frameworks used to measure quantum objectivity, spectrum broadcast structure and quantum Darwinism, are best suited to quantify redundancy and consensus, respectively. By analyzing explicit examples, the paper highlights the potentially stark difference between the degrees of redundancy and consensus, causing a break in the hierarchical relations between spectrum broadcast structure and quantum Darwinism. The framework provided in this paper offers a new perspective to interpret known and future results in the context of quantum objectivity, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the emergence of classicality from the quantum realm.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Justin Scott Giboney, Ryan M. Schuetzler, G. Mark Grimes
Summary: Social engineering attacks are widespread and difficult to mitigate. To improve employee training against these attacks, we designed a conversational agent that simulates being a victim of social engineering. Users can learn and practice social engineering techniques in an engaging setting.
COMPUTERS & SECURITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Katarina McGarry, Eelya Sefat, Taylor C. Suh, Kiran M. Ali, Jessica M. Gluck
Summary: Polymer scaffolds are widely used in tissue engineering to improve the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. Natural polymers have better cellular adhesion and proliferation, while synthetic polymers are highly tunable. An evaluation of the cellular response to collagen-based and PLA scaffolds showed that NIH3T3 cells preferred collagen-based scaffolds. Incorporating cellular binding mechanisms from natural polymers into biodegradable synthetics offers a promising direction for biomaterials to become biomimetic.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gregory Greenwood, Paul Gaist, Ann Namkung, Dianne Rausch
Summary: Social determinants play a crucial role in heightened risk for HIV acquisition and suboptimal care outcomes, but modeling and measuring these dynamics rigorously remains a challenge. NIMH and NIAID initiated methodological innovations on HIV social determinants, hosting a symposium in 2019 to emphasize the importance of integrating social theory, community engagement, and mixed methodologies into research.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Piotr Mironowicz, Pawel Horodecki, Ryszard Horodecki
Summary: In this study, we investigate the non-perfect propagation of information in a low-dimensional environment and analyze the interplay between objectivization degree and environment parameters. The results show that the quality of the formed spectrum broadcast structure during interaction exhibits non-monotonicity with respect to the speed of environment dynamics and its mixedness. Furthermore, the external magnetic field and thermal noise are found to have effects on the dynamics and objectivity of the environment.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alison G. M. Brown, Scarlet Shi, Samantha Adas, Josephine E. A. Boyington, Paul A. Cotton, Bill Jirles, Nishadi Rajapakse, Jill Reedy, Karen Regan, Dan Xi, Giovanna Zappala, Tanya Agurs-Collins
Summary: NIH has supported nutrition and health disparities research, which focuses on chronic diseases and special populations such as pediatrics, minority health, aging, and women's health. Future research opportunities include addressing nutrition and health disparities in American Indian and Asian populations, as well as addressing issues related to rural health, maternal health, and food insecurity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giovanni Abramo, Ciriaco Andrea D'Angelo, Flavia Di Costa
Summary: This study compares the scientific standing of the USA and Russia in 146 scientific disciplines. Four dimensions of competitive positioning are considered: contribution to global scientific advancement, researchers' productivity, scientific specialization indexes, and efficiency in resource allocation across disciplines. Using discipline-normalized indicators, the results show that the USA outperforms Russia in most disciplines in terms of scholarly impact and productivity. However, the USA is less efficient in allocating resources due to its higher research diversification.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Syed Tanzeel Rabani, Akib Mohi Ud Din Khanday, Qamar Rayees Khan, Umar Ayoub Hajam, Ali Shariq Imran, Zenun Kastrati
Summary: Advancements in technology and social networking have led to increased engagement in virtual lives. People find it more comfortable to express their feelings, including suicidal thoughts, on social networking sites due to the associated social stigma with discussing mental health face-to-face. This study aims to develop a machine learning classifier for identifying suicidal risk levels in social media posts by using an enhanced feature engineering approach. The study demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy compared to previous research, with the best-performing algorithm achieving an overall accuracy of 96.33%.
EGYPTIAN INFORMATICS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
P. Mironowicz
Summary: This article discusses the relationship between quantum decoherence and quantum cryptography. The study found that the einselection mechanism of quantum Darwinism disrupts the standard cryptographic assumption of shielded laboratory. An example is used to illustrate how quantum random number generators can be compromised by quantum interference.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Qian Xiao, Rena R. Jones, Peter James, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon
Summary: Research suggests that circadian disruption caused by light at night (LAN) may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. The study found that higher LAN exposure was associated with elevated PDAC risk, with stronger associations in normal and overweight groups compared to the obese group.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Alexander Jakobidze-Gitman
Summary: Written by Tadeusz Zielinski, Our Debt to Antiquity (1903) is an attempt to combat the prejudice against classical education. Zielinski argues that Darwinian laws of selection manifest themselves in classical education in three aspects, and he defends classical education by applying these laws.
HISTORY OF EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Francesco Zullo, Gianni Di Pietro, Chiara Cattani, Cristina Montaldi
Summary: In a time of global disruption caused by wars and pandemics, there is a growing focus on the energy and food independence of nation-states. Achieving these goals will take time, but land use planning must consider these important aspects. The excessive development of settled areas hinders effective land use regardless of geographic location, demographic dynamics, and the value of the administered territory. This study aims to analyze the impact of proposed transformations on agricultural production in the provinces of Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, while also suggesting solutions for promoting sustainability in these areas of high agri-food value.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Krishanu Saha, Erik J. Sontheimer, P. J. Brooks, Melinda R. Dwinell, Charles A. Gersbach, David R. Liu, Stephen A. Murray, Shengdar Q. Tsai, Ross C. Wilson, Daniel G. Anderson, Aravind Asokan, Jillian F. Banfield, Krystof S. Bankiewicz, Gang Bao, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Nenad Bursac, Jarryd M. Campbell, Daniel F. Carlson, Elliot L. Chaikof, Zheng-Yi Chen, R. Holland Cheng, Karl J. Clark, David T. Curiel, James E. Dahlman, Benjamin E. Deverman, Mary E. Dickinson, Jennifer A. Doudna, Stephen C. Ekker, Marina E. Emborg, Guoping Feng, Benjamin S. Freedman, David M. Gamm, Guangping Gao, Ionita C. Ghiran, Peter M. Glazer, Shaoqin Gong, Jason D. Heaney, Jon D. Hennebold, John T. Hinson, Anastasia Khvorova, Samira Kiani, William R. Lagor, Kit S. Lam, Kam W. Leong, Jon E. Levine, Jennifer A. Lewis, Cathleen M. Lutz, Danith H. Ly, Samantha Maragh, Paul B. McCray, Todd C. McDevitt, Oleg Mirochnitchenko, Ryuji Morizane, Niren Murthy, Randall S. Prather, John A. Ronald, Subhojit Roy, Sushmita Roy, Venkata Sabbisetti, W. Mark Saltzman, Philip J. Santangelo, David J. Segal, Mary Shimoyama, Melissa C. Skala, Alice F. Tarantal, John C. Tilton, George A. Truskey, Moriel Vandsburger, Jonathan K. Watts, Kevin D. Wells, Scot A. Wolfe, Qiaobing Xu, Wen Xue, Guohua Yi, Jiangbing Zhou
Summary: The NIH's SCGE Consortium aims to develop safer and more effective methods to edit disease-relevant somatic cell genomes in patients, even in hard-to-reach tissues. Their approach includes rigorous validation of technology through third-party testing in animals to accelerate clinical development of new therapies.