Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ralph Schwidetzky, Max Lukas, Azade YazdanYar, Anna T. Kunert, Ulrich Poschl, Katrin F. Domke, Janine Frohlich-Nowoisky, Mischa Bonn, Thomas Koop, Yuki Nagata, Konrad Meister
Summary: The efficiency of bacterial ice nucleators can be profoundly influenced by ions, with strongly hydrated ions facilitating ice nucleation while weakly hydrated ions inhibiting it. Specific ion-protein interactions on the surface of bacteria play a key role in heterogeneous ice nucleation, highlighting the importance of understanding the nature of ions in this process.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Katherine I. Naasko, Daniel Naylor, Emily B. Graham, Sneha P. Couvillion, Robert Danczak, Nikola Tolic, Carrie Nicora, Steven Fransen, Haiying Tao, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, Janet K. Jansson
Summary: Climate change leads to increased drought and loss of soil organic carbon. Calcareous soils can help mitigate these losses. This study examined the impact of irrigation and perennial plants on deep soil carbon chemistry in an unfertilized calcareous soil. The results showed that soil microbial community composition was more affected by irrigation and plant cover, while metabolomes, lipidomes, and proteomes varied with soil depth.
Article
Agronomy
Kenichi Tatsumi
Summary: Using an atmospheric chemistry model, this study investigates the impact of methane on cereal yields in Asia. It finds that methane-induced ozone has significant negative effects on maize, soybean, and wheat production, and reducing methane emissions can mitigate these losses. Targeted reduction of methane emissions, particularly in the North China Plain, has the potential to improve regional cereal production.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Belinda Flem, Clemens Reimann, Karl Fabian
Summary: Chromium and nickel are widely used elements in modern industry and society. It is important to recognize and assess the sources of diffuse contamination in soil caused by global industrialization. A method comparing the distribution of chromium and nickel in topsoil and subsoil allows for estimation of their sources and effects. This method is cheaper and more reliable than traditional monitoring methods. Chromium shows a clear biological signal in the analysis. Agricultural soil is more contaminated due to farming practices.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Beth S. Nelson, Daniel J. Bryant, Mohammed S. Alam, Roberto Sommariva, William J. Bloss, Mike J. Newland, Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Leigh R. Crilley, Stefan J. Swift, Pete M. Edwards, Alastair C. Lewis, Ben Langford, Eiko Nemitz, Ranu Shivani, Ranu Gadi, Bhola R. Gurjar, Dwayne E. Heard, Lisa K. Whalley, Uelkeu A. Sahin, David C. S. Beddows, James R. Hopkins, James D. Lee, Andrew R. Rickard, Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Summary: Delhi, India, experiences periods of very poor air quality, and this study investigates the chemical production of secondary pollutants in this highly polluted area. The authors found extremely high nighttime concentrations of NOx and VOCs, with low concentrations of oxidants and high nighttime NO concentrations. This leads to an atypical NO3 diel profile and a shift in peak O3 concentrations compared to the premonsoon period. The authors suggest that urban air quality management should consider the impacts of nighttime emission sources in the postmonsoon period.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Guia Cecchini, Anna Andreetta, Aldo Marchetto, Stefano Carnicelli
Summary: Atmospheric emissions of nitrogen and sulphur have accelerated anthropogenic acidification in forest ecosystems. High nitrogen deposition in Italy has led to increased tree growth and organic carbon sequestration, but also poses risks of nutrient imbalances and soil acidification. Monitoring in Italy has shown soil solution pH increase in most sites due to decreased sulphate deposition, while nitrogen deposition impedes pH increase in some areas.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Zambri, Douglas E. Kinnison, Susan Solomon
Summary: Heterogeneous halogen chemistry plays a dominant role in driving changes in polar chemical composition and ozone depletion. This study compared NO2 measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE3m) with simulations from a coupled climate-chemistry model to characterize and quantify subpolar heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Results showed that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the chemical composition of the subpolar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere spring, highlighting the importance of analyzing distribution functions in understanding chemical processes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rahat Riaz, Riffat Naseem Malik, Cynthia A. de Wit
Summary: Despite decades of regulations aimed at reducing primary emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), these pollutants are still found in the environment. This study in the Lesser Himalayan Region (LHR) found varying concentrations of OCPs, PCBs, and PBDEs in soils and air, with soil organic matter playing a role in the distribution of SVOCs. Long range atmospheric transport was identified as a major input source of PBDEs and higher chlorinated PCBs in the LHR.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hem Raj Bhattarai, Maija E. Marushchak, Jussi Ronkainen, Richard E. Lamprecht, Henri M. P. Siljanen, Pertti J. Martikainen, Christina Biasi, Marja Maljanen
Summary: Soils are important sources of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere. This study reports the first measurements of HONO and NO emissions from high-latitude soils, specifically permafrost-affected subarctic peatlands. The results show significant emissions of HONO and NO from unvegetated peat surfaces, indicating the need for further examination of HONO and NO emissions in Arctic landscapes.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Xiaoqi Zhou, Hanling Zuo, Simeon J. Smaill
Summary: Forest soils are the largest atmospheric methane sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, but there are considerable uncertainties in models simulating this uptake. Soil organic matter derived from aboveground vegetation net primary productivity significantly influences methane uptake. Therefore, incorporating NPP into global methane uptake models can greatly improve model predictions.
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Forestry
James A. Moore, Mark J. Kimsey, Mariann Garrison-Johnston, Terry M. Shaw, Peter Mika, Jaslam Poolakkal
Summary: A study was conducted to analyze soil nutrient availability in the Inland Northwest region of the USA. The results showed that soil parent material significantly influences soil nutrient characteristics. Soils developed from volcanic rocks have high nutrient availability, while those from mixed glacially derived soils and metasedimentary/sedimentary rocks have lower nutrient availability. These findings can be applied in designing site-specific fertilizer and nutrient management prescriptions for forest stands in the area.
Article
Geology
Brian J. Beaty, Noah J. Planavsky
Summary: The study on ancient soils suggests that aluminum release due to organic acid weathering was common on early Earth, as indicated by samples from 33 paleosols spanning different geological periods. Surprisingly, there were no statistically significant changes in aluminum mobility across major transitions, hinting at the prevalence of localized organic acid weathering in early Earth environments captured by the paleosol record.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Li-li Tang, Bo-min Fu, Yang Wu, Fu-chen Cai, Yi-bing Ma
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between atmospheric emission, deposition, and soil Cd accumulation in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain in China. The results showed that the soil Cd accumulation rate in the study area exceeded the national average and continued to accumulate in recent decades. The contribution of atmospheric deposition flux to Cd increment in the soil was in the range of 22-29%, with the atmospheric deposition flux decreasing over time.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alastair C. Lewis, Deborah Jenkins, Christopher J. M. Whitty
Summary: While dirty outdoor air gets more attention, understanding how pollutants form, accumulate, and affect our health indoors is equally important.
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Mads P. Sulbaek P. Andersen, Aleksandra Volkova, Sofie A. Hass, Jonathan W. Lengkong, Dvien Hovanessian, Theis I. Solling, Timothy J. Wallington, Ole J. Nielsen
Summary: Correction for 'Atmospheric chemistry of (Z)- and (E)-1,2-dichloroethene: kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O-3' by Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 7356-7373, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04877E.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Markku Kulmala, Tom Kokkonen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Alexander Baklanov, Alexander Mahura, Ivan Mammarella, Jaana Back, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Tuukka Petaja
Summary: Turbulence is a key process in the atmosphere that transports material and energy, and causes concentration fluctuations. It influences various atmospheric processes and has implications for air pollution and climate change. Understanding the mechanisms of atmospheric turbulence, chemistry, and aerosol dynamics is crucial for analyzing the connections and feedbacks among these processes.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pedro Trechera, Meritxell Garcia-Marles, Xiansheng Liu, Cristina Reche, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Mate Vorosmarty, Andrea Casans, Juan Andres Casquero-Vera, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Marchand, Benjamin Chazeau, Gregory Gille, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Nadia Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Michael Norman, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Francisco J. Gomez-Moreno, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Holger Gerwig, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Susanne Bastian, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Nicolas Ferlay, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Hilkka Timonen, Janne Lampilahti, Christof Asbach, Carmen Wolf, Heinz Kaminski, Hicran Altug, Barbara Hoffmann, David Q. Rich, Marco Pandolfi, Roy M. Harrison, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petaja, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol
Summary: This study evaluated the hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US, focusing on urban background (UB) and traffic (TR) sites. The objective was to describe the characteristics of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe. The results showed variations in PNC and BC across different regions and site types, with traffic emissions being a major contributor. The study emphasized the need for specific monitoring of PNSD and measurements of <10 nm PNC for assessing the health effects of nanoparticles.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mihnea Surdu, Houssni Lamkaddam, Dongyu S. Wang, David M. Bell, Mao Xiao, Chuan Ping Lee, Dandan Li, Lucia Caudillo, Guillaume Marie, Wiebke Scholz, Mingyi Wang, Brandon Lopez, Ana A. . Piedehierro, Farnoush Ataei, Rima Baalbaki, Barbara Bertozzi, Pia Bogert, Zoe Brasseur, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Xu-Cheng He, Kristina Hohler, Kimmo Korhonen, Jordan E. Krechmer, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Naser G. A. . Mahfouz, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Dario Massabo, Roy Mauldin, Tuukka Petaja, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Birte Rorup, Mario Simon, Jiali Shen, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Franziska Vogel, Stefan K. . Weber, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Rainer Volkamer, Harald Saathoff, Ottmar Moehler, Jasper Kirkby, Douglas R. Worsnop, Markku Kulmala, Frank Stratmann, Armin Hansel, Joachim Curtius, Andre Welti, Matthieu Riva, Neil M. Donahue, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad
Summary: This study investigates the effect of high relative humidity (RH) on the gas-particle partitioning of biogenic oxidized organic molecules at low temperatures. The results demonstrate that high RH increases the partitioning of semivolatile compounds and leads to a shift in the chemical composition and volatility distribution of organic aerosols towards less oxygenated and more volatile species.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Naser Hossein Motlagh, Pak Lun Fung, Abedalaziz S. Khalaf, Yutaka Matsumi, Aijun Ding, Sasu Tarkoma, Tuukka Petaja, Markku Kulmala, Tareq Hussein
Summary: Air quality low-cost sensors (LCSs) are affordable and scalable for high-resolution air pollution monitoring, but face challenges in accuracy, especially for extreme events. We propose a Bayesian calibration method that effectively corrects LCSs measurements and detects calibration drift. Experimental results on smoking events show accurate estimation of aerosol mass concentration. Black-box calibrators outperform white-box ones, but may drift during new events, while white-box calibrators remain robust. Implementing both calibrators enables strength extraction and drifting monitoring for calibration models. The method can be applied to other LCSs with accuracy issues.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henning Finkenzeller, Siddharth Iyer, Xu-Cheng He, Mario Simon, Theodore K. Koenig, Christopher F. Lee, Rashid Valiev, Victoria Hofbauer, Antonio Amorim, Rima Baalbaki, Andrea Baccarini, Lisa Beck, David M. Bell, Lucia Caudillo, Dexian Chen, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Martin Heinritzi, Deniz Kemppainen, Changhyuk Kim, Jordan Krechmer, Andreas Kurten, Alexandr Kvashnin, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan Ping Lee, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Zijun Li, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Tatjana Muller, Tuukka Petaja, Maxim Philippov, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Birte Rorup, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Antonio Tome, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Andrea C. Wagner, Dongyu S. Wang, Mingyi Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, Wei Nie, Yusheng Wu, Mao Xiao, Qing Ye, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Armin Hansel, Urs Baltensperger, Jerome Brioude, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Markku Kulmala, Jasper Kirkby, Mikko Sipila, Douglas R. Worsnop, Theo Kurten, Matti Rissanen, Rainer Volkamer
Summary: Iodine is an active trace element in atmospheric chemistry that can destroy ozone and form particles. Its emissions have increased threefold since 1950 and are expected to continue rising. In laboratory experiments, iodooxy hypoiodite (IOIO) was shown to efficiently convert into iodic acid (HIO3) via reactions IOIO + O-3 -> IOIO4 and IOIO4 + H2O -> HIO3 + HOI + O-(1)(2). This laboratory-derived mechanism explains field observations of daytime HIO3 in the remote lower free troposphere and suggests a catalytic role of iodine in aerosol formation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dimitri Castarede, Zoe Brasseur, Yusheng Wu, Zamin A. Kanji, Markus Hartmann, Lauri Ahonen, Merete Bilde, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Berko Sierau, Olaf Stetzer, Frank Stratmann, Birgitta Svenningsson, Erik Swietlicki, Quynh Thu Nguyen, Jonathan Duplissy, Erik S. Thomson
Summary: The Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii) is a new continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) that can measure ice nucleating particles (INPs). PINCii has been engineered to improve upon the limitations of previous CFDCs and offers several possibilities for improved INP measurements. It features low background particle counts, high-spatial-resolution wall-temperature mapping, and a new method for analyzing CFDC data. Additionally, it can be used to study droplet activation processes and extend ice crystal growth. The instrument's capabilities have been demonstrated through a series of experiments. The sources of uncertainty in CFDCs, including particle background, particle loss, and variations in aerosol lamina temperature and relative humidity, have also been quantified and discussed for PINCii. Overall, the importance of this work in developing a more advanced instrument for measuring INPs is rated 9 out of 10.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meri Raty, Larisa Sogacheva, Helmi-Marja Keskinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuomo Nieminen, Tuukka Petaja, Ekaterina Ezhova, Markku Kulmala
Summary: Boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere have a complex interaction with the atmosphere, including a feedback process that may produce a cooling effect through increased cloud reflectance due to aerosol-cloud interactions. This study investigates the impact of the boreal forest environment on cloud-related properties during the growing season. Results show that air masses with longer exposure to the forest have different properties compared to those with shorter land transport times. The study also reveals changes in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, specific humidity, and precipitation frequency after a certain threshold of land transport time.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jing Cai, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Cheng Wu, Yan Zheng, Feixue Zheng, Wei Du, Sophie L. Haslett, Qi Chen, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr
Summary: The offline application of FIGAERO-CIMS provides a cost-efficient method to analyze the molecular composition of organic aerosols. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Teflon and quartz fiber filter samples collected in urban Beijing, with high signal-to-noise ratios, repeatability, and linear signal response. It expands the molecular characterization of organic aerosols by FIGAERO-CIMS to situations where the instrument itself cannot be deployed.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matti Kamarainen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, Anna Lintunen
Summary: In this study, machine learning methods (RF and GB) were used to predict the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a pine-dominated boreal forest in southern Finland over 1996-2018. The results showed that both RF and GB were able to explain the temporal variability of NEE using meteorological predictors, but GB was more accurate.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lejish Vettikkat, Pasi Miettinen, Angela Buchholz, Pekka Rantala, Hao Yu, Simon Schallhart, Tuukka Petaja, Roger Seco, Elisa Mannisto, Markku Kulmala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Alex B. Guenther, Siegfried Schobesberger
Summary: Wetlands cover a small portion of the land surface but boreal wetlands are experiencing significant warming and emit climate-relevant volatile organic compounds. This study presents the first-ever measurements of terpene emissions from a boreal fen wetland and found that isoprene was the dominant compound emitted. The emissions showed a strong exponential dependence on temperature and were significantly higher than previous estimates.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Helene Angot, Lauriane L. J. Quelever, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Manuel Dall'Osto, David C. S. Beddows, Zoe Brasseur, Ivo Beck, Silvia Bucci, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Tiia Laurila, Eija Asmi, Andreas Massling, Daniel Charles Thomas, Jakob Kleno Nojgaard, Tak Chan, Sangeeta Sharma, Peter Tunved, Radovan Krejci, Hans Christen Hansson, Federico Bianchi, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Mikko Sipila, Julia Schmale, Tuija Jokinen
Summary: The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes due to accelerated warming. This study investigates the annual cycle of aerosol characteristics in the central Arctic Ocean and compares them to land-based sites across the Arctic. The analysis provides important insights into aerosol processes in the changing Arctic environment and their impact on climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dominik Stolzenburg, Runlong Cai, Sara M. Blichner, Jenni Kontkanen, Putian Zhou, Risto Makkonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, Juha Kangasluoma
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in nanoparticle growth, focusing on the mismatch between experimental and modeling studies and suggesting specific directions for future research.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenxi Li, Yue Zhao, Ziyue Li, Ling Liu, Xiuhui Zhang, Jun Zheng, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Jingkun Jiang, Runlong Cai, Huayun Xiao
Summary: New particle formation is a major contributor to atmospheric aerosol concentrations, and condensation sink plays an important role in this process. In this study, approximate equations for calculating new particle formation rates in the presence of pre-existing particles were developed by simplifying the cluster balance equations. The accuracy of these equations was confirmed by comparing them with simulation results and field observations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
