Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuki Bando, Michael Wenzel, Rafael Yuste
Summary: The authors introduced a genetically-encoded voltage indicator to measure subthreshold membrane potentials, combined with two-photon imaging to map epileptic seizures progression. The development of ArcLight-ST allows for specific measurement of subthreshold membrane potentials with cellular resolution. The method demonstrated utility in mapping epileptic seizures progression through cortical circuits.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nathaniel C. Wright, Peter Y. Borden, Yi Juin Liew, Michael F. Bolus, William M. Stoy, Craig R. Forest, Garrett B. Stanley
Summary: Rapid sensory adaptation is a common phenomenon observed in all sensory systems, yet the mechanistic basis behind it is still poorly understood. Studies on awake mice suggest that cortical adaptation in primary somatosensory cortex is mainly driven by changes in thalamic input timing and differential impacts on cortical excitation and feed forward inhibition. This highlights the significant role of thalamic gating in rapid adaptation of primary sensory cortex.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ayoub J. Khalil, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Laurens Witter
Summary: The mesodiencephalic junction (MDJ) has been identified as a significant source of GABAergic inputs to the basilar pontine nuclei (bPN). These inputs do not converge with motor cortex inputs and show sign-inversed properties, contributing to GABAergic inhibition to the bPN.
Article
Neurosciences
Chia-Fang Wang, Jenq-Wei Yang, Zi-Hui Zhuang, Hsiang-Wei Hsing, Heiko J. Luhmann, Shen-Ju Chou
Summary: This study revealed a bottom-up feedback mechanism for regulating the development of TCAs, which involves feedback signals from L4 neurons and the regulation by Lhx2 and Sema7a.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna-Lisa Schuler, Giulio Ferrazzi, Nigel Colenbier, Giorgio Arcara, Francesco Piccione, Florinda Ferreri, Daniele Marinazzo, Giovanni Pellegrino
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between cortical thickness and gamma synchrony in the brain. The results show a significant positive correlation between cortical thickness and gamma synchrony, indicating the involvement of underlying cell density in gamma circuitries. The findings contribute to the understanding of cortical functional and structural properties.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gaia Bonassi, Elisa Pelosin, Giovanna Lagravinese, Ambra Bisio, Giorgio Grasselli, Marco Bove, Laura Avanzino
Summary: The study showed that when peripheral electrical stimulation was delivered 25 and 35 ms earlier to the ipsilateral cerebellum in healthy subjects, there was a significantly weaker cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI). This suggests that somatosensory inputs may modulate the inhibitory effect of the cerebellum on the primary motor cortex.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
AmirAli Farokhniaee, Madeleine M. Lowery
Summary: High frequency deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus suppresses excessive beta band activity in the motor cortex in Parkinson's disease. Modulation of cortical network activity by changing synaptic coupling strength between different neurons can lead to increased or decreased beta activity and neural synchrony.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
David M. Cole, Philipp Stampfli, Robert Gandia, Louis Schibli, Sandro Gantner, Philipp Schuetz, Michael L. Meier
Summary: This study validated a novel method for mapping cortical representations of sensory afferents of the human back. The findings demonstrate significant differences in neural representations between high-frequency and low-frequency stimulation, as well as between thoracic and lumbar paraspinal locations, indicating different encoding of sensations in different body parts and frequencies.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xuliang Jiang, Xin Wen, Guoyao Ou, Shitong Li, Yali Chen, Jun Zhang, Zhenhu Liang
Summary: In this study, the effects of propofol anesthesia on thalamocortical interactions were investigated in freely moving rats. The results showed that propofol-induced burst-suppression led to a synchronous decrease in spectral power in the thalamus and cortex. Propofol also increased cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in the thalamus and cortex, and enhanced the functional connectivity between the thalamic reticular nucleus and cortex. However, propofol decreased corticocortical functional connectivity and directional connectivity from the frontal cortex to the occipital cortex. These findings suggest that changes in neural dynamics in the thalamocortical system can be used to distinguish different levels of vigilance induced by propofol.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaerin Sohn, Mototaka Suzuki, Mohammed Youssef, Sayuri Hatada, Matthew E. Larkum, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Yoshiyuki Kubota
Summary: This study reveals that two presynaptic neural circuits regulate the spine dynamics of pyramidal cell dendrites during learning. New spines formed with corticocortical neurons are eliminated after skill acquisition, while persistent spines with axons from thalamic neurons enlarge. This suggests a division of labor in the neural circuits of the motor cortex during skill learning.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mirela V. Simon, William T. Curry, Pamela S. Jones, Daniel P. Cahill, Bob S. Carter, Otto Rapalino, Athar N. Malik, Brian V. Nahed
Summary: Direct cortical SSEP monitoring is feasible and informative in brain tumor surgery, improving lesion localization and preventing unnecessary cortical stimulation. Thresholds of >30% and >50% SSEP amplitude decrease are valuable in detecting worsening of sensory function. Simultaneous MEP and SSEP monitoring may reflect modulation of motor activity by TCA.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bo Yao, Jason R. Taylor, Briony Banks, Sonja A. Kotz
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that theta-band activity in the auditory cortex phase-locks to rhythms of overt speech. This study investigated whether theta activity also encodes the rhythmic dynamics of inner speech by measuring EEG responses to speech quote reading onset. The findings show that direct quote reading is associated with increased theta phase synchrony, suggesting a functional role of theta phase modulation in reading-induced inner speech.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Vincent Robert, Tanvi Butola, Jayeeta Basu
Summary: Synchronized activity, a characteristic feature of hippocampal network dynamics, is present early in development. The role of extrinsic inputs in driving this activity is still unknown. In a study published in Neuron, Leprince et al. demonstrate that while synchronized activity in the hippocampus is modulated by both cortical and thalamic inputs ex vivo, it is solely dependent on cortical inputs in vivo.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benedicta Essel Ayamba, Robert Clement Abaidoo, Andrews Opoku, Nana Ewusi-Mensah
Summary: Food security remains a challenge globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Current research focuses on replenishing nutrients through combined application of organic amendments and mineral fertilizers, but there is limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying nutrient interactions. This review explores the mechanisms of crop nutrient interactions, emphasizing improved synchrony, priming effect, soil fertility improvement, and balanced nutrient proportion. It also discusses the need for future research to understand nutrient interactions in cropping systems, aiming to promote sustainable crop production and enhance food security.
Article
Neurosciences
Simon Borgognon, Eric M. Rouiller
Summary: The premotor (PM) and primary motor (M1) cortical areas contribute to the corticorubral pathway that transmits voluntary motor commands. Motor disorders and injuries lead to a decrease in corticorubral projections from PM and M1. The red nucleus may promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and primary motor cortex injury by reducing direct cortical influence.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)