Review
Oncology
Jonathan Sholl, Gregory D. Sepich-Poore, Rob Knight, Thomas Pradeu
Summary: This article discusses the unexpected roles of the microbiota in cancer, as well as the microbiota's relevance to cancer development and therapeutic responsiveness. Studying the microbiota can greatly impact clinical oncology research and practice.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicola Jones
Summary: An unusual lake in central Africa has the potential to release a vast amount of greenhouse gases, posing a threat that researchers are divided on whether it is worsening.
Article
Mechanics
Jiaqing Chang, Fan Jiang, Ziteng Liu, Dachang Zhu, Teng Shen
Summary: This paper discusses the calculation methods of the Weber number, and conducts research and simulation experiments on phenomena that cannot be explained by traditional Weber numbers, finally proposing phase diagrams of different droplet separation modes.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xuhua Liu, Na Li
Summary: This paper introduces a new sequential importance sampling algorithm named RR-RC-SIS, which shows advantages in sampling computation speed and maintaining sample diversity. Numerical simulation on blind deconvolution problem in digital communications demonstrates the practical value of the algorithm.
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION
(2021)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Andrew P. Wheeler, Sydney Reuter
Summary: This study evaluates the predictive capability of identifying long-term, micro-place hot spots in Dallas, Texas using a clustering algorithm weighted by law enforcement cost. The identified hot spots are smaller and capture crime cost at a higher density compared to current hot spot areas defined by the Dallas Police Department. The algorithm captures a wide array of hot spot types, suggesting it may be more efficient than identifying hot spots based on specific unit of aggregation in practice.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Franklyn Kanyako, Erin Baker
Summary: Global energy transition is crucial for Africa's economic development, but its impact will vary across the continent. It is necessary to conduct subcontinental analysis to identify and evaluate energy futures in Africa. In a recent issue of Joule, Chowdhury et al. conducted an important examination of Southern Africa's diverse energy futures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher T. Griffin, Brenen M. Wynd, Darlington Munyikwa, Tim J. Broderick, Michel Zondo, Stephen Tolan, Max C. Langer, Sterling J. Nesbitt, Hazel R. Taruvinga
Summary: This study reports a new Carnian assemblage from Zimbabwe, including Africa's oldest definitive dinosaurs Mbiresaurus raathi. This finding suggests the existence of similar vertebrate fauna at high latitudes in Antarctica, and the dispersal of dinosaurs was influenced by paleolatitude-linked climatic barriers.
Article
Forestry
Carmen Maria Martinez-Varea, Yolanda Carrion Marco, Maria Dolores Raigon, Ernestina Badal
Summary: This study examines the distribution of Celtis australis in the prehistoric period in the Mediterranean Basin through the analysis of fossils and their dietary value. The doubts about its presence in prehistoric contexts are dispelled, and the high nutritional composition of Celtis australis fruits suggests intentional human gathering as a food source.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Nabeel Gillani, Doug Beeferman, Christine Vega-Pourheydarian, Cassandra Overney, Pascal Van Hentenryck, Deb Roy
Summary: Most U.S. school districts have attendance boundaries that lead to demographic segregation in schools. To examine the potential reduction in school segregation, we analyze 98 school districts in the U.S. and propose alternative boundaries that minimize segregation while considering travel times and school sizes. Our simulations show a median decrease of 14% in segregation across districts, with approximately 20% of students needing to switch schools, and surprisingly, a slight reduction in travel times. We provide a public dashboard for evaluation and demonstrate the possibility of greater integration without significant disruptions for families.
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER
(2023)
Article
Business
Charles Ackah, Holger Goerg, Aoife Hanley, Cecilia Hornok
Summary: Suppliers who offer delayed repayment options to female-owned businesses in Africa have statistically boosted their survival, narrowing the gender gap. Targeting tax-cuts towards such suppliers could support the emergence of future successful female entrepreneurs.
SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gunyoung Park, Rockkyu Park, Hyoseo Kwak, Chul Kim
Summary: The study proposes a new production method for the second stage using a combined redrawing-ironing die, which can improve efficiency and reduce costs. By adjusting the redrawing-ironing ratio, the forming load, maximum thickness reduction ratio in the second stage, and forming defects in the third stage can be analyzed. This allows for savings in production time and cost by reducing the number of dyes, punch diameter, and processing time in the second stage.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bhupesh Singh Katiyar, Sudhy S. Panicker, Sushanta Kumar Panda
Summary: In this study, thin-walled end-capped shells of cylindrical cross-sections made from automotive-grade AA5754 and AA6082 aluminum alloys were fabricated using a two-stage warm redrawing method. The AA5754 shells exhibited higher total energy and specific energy absorption capacity compared to the AA6082 shells.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sara Fresard, Katherine L. Anderson, Dvir Avnon-Klein, Sarah Pangburn, Steven Cranford
Summary: Scientific research is most valuable when it can be shared and digested by any kind of audience, but the skills required to disseminate information and gain trust are often not taught to scientists. CUNYSciCom, a student organization founded by two biology doctoral students, aims to help graduate students at the City University of New York improve their science communication skills and engage with the public through various events.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amelia Bertozzi-Villa, Caitlin A. Bever, Hannah Koenker, Daniel J. Weiss, Camilo Vargas-Ruiz, Anita K. Nandi, Harry S. Gibson, Joseph Harris, Katherine E. Battle, Susan F. Rumisha, Suzanne Keddie, Punam Amratia, Rohan Arambepola, Ewan Cameron, Elisabeth G. Chestnutt, Emma L. Collins, Justin Millar, Swapnil Mishra, Jennifer Rozier, Tasmin Symons, Katherine A. Twohig, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Peter W. Gething, Samir Bhatt
Summary: This study examines the spatio-temporal access and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in Africa from 2000 to 2020, revealing that while both metrics have improved over time, access remains below the World Health Organization's targets. The study suggests that cultural and social messaging, physical net durability, and distribution challenges play key roles in influencing ITN coverage and use.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yakubu Lawal
Summary: The study found that Africa's lower COVID-19 mortality rate is due to its younger population age structure, lower life expectancy, lower pre-COVID-19 era mortality rate for those over 65, and fewer people living with cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)