Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cong Yao, Haiping Guo, Qiang Li, Xuxia Zhang, Yuanyuan Shang, Tongxin Li, Yufeng Wang, Zhongtan Xue, Lu Wang, Liang Li, Yu Pang
Summary: The prevalence of XDR-TB is low in Chinese MDR-TB cohort, indicating promise for treatment with WHO-endorsed regimens containing BDQ-LZD combination, while the high prevalence of FQ-resistance in MDR-TB patients requires national attention.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Karan Varshney, Beverly Anaele, Matthew Molaei, Rosemary Frasso, Vittorio Maio
Summary: Risk factors for poor outcomes among XDR-TB patients include having a history of TB, HIV infection, a history of incarceration, low body weight, smoking, alcohol use, unemployment, being male, and middle age. Understanding these risk factors can help policymakers and organizations in designing and implementing effective programs.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yaxin Wu, Yuening Zhang, Yingying Wang, Jiaqi Wei, Wenjing Wang, Wenshan Duan, Yakun Tian, Meixin Ren, Zhen Li, Wen Wang, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Xiaojie Huang
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of second-line anti-TB treatment and determine which drugs can achieve the greatest clinical benefit for DR-TB-HIV patients. The results showed that BDQ and LZD-based regimens, along with the use of at least two Group A drugs, were associated with a higher treatment success rate. Additionally, a higher baseline CD4 T-cell count was also correlated with higher treatment success rates.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Selien Oostvogels, Serej D. Ley, Tim H. Heupink, Anzaan Dippenaar, Elizabeth M. Streicher, Elise De Vos, Conor J. Meehan, Keertan Dheda, Rob Warren, Annelies Van Rie
Summary: This study investigates the distribution and transmission dynamics of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains in South Africa. Through whole genome sequencing, the study identifies clustered XDR-TB strains and finds that including resistance-conferring variants in cluster definitions increases the number of small clusters. Lineage 2 strains show large clusters spread across the Western Cape Province. Residence in Cape Town is significantly associated with cluster membership. The study suggests that XDR-TB in South Africa originated from the endemic spread of multidrug-resistant and pre-XDR strains. Rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation are crucial in reducing transmission.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Razia Hassan-Moosa, Kegaugetswe Wilhemina Motsomi, Radhamoney Narasimmulu, Aida Sivro, Kevindra K. Naidu, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Natasha Samsunder, Rubeshan Perumal, Kogieleum Naidoo
Summary: This article describes the clinical presentation and outcomes of three patients with HIV, DR-TB, and COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 varied among the patients, with some experiencing mild symptoms, some moderate symptoms, and some remaining asymptomatic. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection is recommended for DR-TB patients with respiratory symptoms.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monika Kozinska, Krystyna Bogucka, Krzysztof Kedziora, Jolanta Szpak-Szpakowska, Wieslawa Pedzierska-Olizarowicz, Andrzej Pustkowski, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopec
Summary: Drug-resistant TB in children is usually transmitted through household contact and active investigation is needed to identify infected family members.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brittney J. van de Water, Isabel Fulcher, Suretha Cilliers, Nadishani Meyer, Michael Wilson, Catherine Young, Ben Gaunt, Karl le Roux
Summary: This retrospective cohort study conducted in a rural district hospital in Eastern Cape, South Africa, aimed to assess differences in TB treatment outcomes among HIV-negative individuals, HIV-positive individuals on anti-retroviral treatment (ART), and HIV-positive individuals not on ART. The study found that individuals without HIV had a significantly higher likelihood of successful TB treatment outcomes compared to those with untreated HIV.
Article
Immunology
Kimesha Pillay, Lara Lewis, Santhuri Rambaran, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Derseree Archary, Santhanalakshmi Gengiah, Dhineshree Govender, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Natasha Samsunder, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Lyle R. McKinnon, Nesri Padayatchi, Kogieleum Naidoo, Aida Sivro
Summary: The study suggests that increased risk of TB recurrence in HIV infected individuals on ART is likely associated with HIV mediated translocation of microbial products and resulting chronic immune activation. This indicates that immunological markers play an important role in the risk of TB recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Idowu B. Olawoye, Jessica N. Uwanibe, Chioma N. Kunle-Ope, Olabisi F. Davies-Bolorunduro, Temitope A. Abiodun, Rosemary A. Audu, Babatunde L. Salako, Christian T. Happi
Summary: The study identified the first cases of XDR TB in Nigeria, showing resistance to multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs. This highlights the importance of whole genome sequencing in accurately detecting drug-resistant TB strains, aiding in the development of effective treatment regimens and prevention of further spread in high burden countries.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marian Loveday, Jennifer Hughes, Babu Sunkari, Iqbal Master, Sindisiwe Hlangu, Tarylee Reddy, Sunitha Chotoo, Nathan Green, James A. Seddon
Summary: Research in South Africa found that pregnant women receiving MDR/RR-tuberculosis treatment and their infants were affected by various factors, with some babies exposed to bedaquiline having a higher risk of low birth weight, but most of these babies gained weight and developed normally at the age of one year.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Abdirahman Mohamed Hassan Dirie, Sedat Colakoglu, Osman Muhyadin Abdulle, Bashir Mohamud Abdi, Mohamed Abdi Osman, Abdiaziz Mohamud Shire, Abdinafic Mohamud Hussein
Summary: The study found a prevalence of MDR-TB among pulmonary TB patients in Banadir, Somalia, which is similar to some eastern African countries.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sanghee Park, Jihee Jung, Jiyeon Kim, Sang Bong Han, Sungweon Ryoo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the resistance and genetic mutations of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DR-Mtb) isolates to clofazimine (CFZ), in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) patients. The results showed that the rate of CFZ resistance in drug-resistant Mtb isolates was 4.1%, and it was not related to treatment with CFZ or bedaquiline. Four novel mutation sites related to CFZ resistance were identified in this study.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubhangi Dhakulkar, Mrinalini Das, Narendra Sutar, Vikas Oswal, Daksha Shah, Shilpa Ravi, Dipa Vengurlekar, Vijay Chavan, Lorraine Rebello, Augusto C. Meneguim, Aparna Iyer, Homa Mansoor, Stobdan Kalon, Shrikala Acharya, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Petros Isaakidis, Harshad P. Thakur
Summary: This study investigated the final treatment outcomes and factors associated with unsuccessful treatment in children and adolescents with DR-TB, finding a high proportion of successful outcomes. Nutritional support and follow-up care should be strengthened, and new TB drugs like Bedaquiline and Delamanid should be rapidly scaled up in routine TB programs for the pediatric population.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tushar Garg, Bareng Aletta Sanny Nonyane, Mbali Mohlamonyane, Limakatso Lebina, Neil A. A. Martinson, David W. W. Dowdy, Colleen F. F. Hanrahan
Summary: People diagnosed with TB in hospitals often disengage following referral to local clinics, resulting in potential morbidity and mortality. This study in South Africa found that 11% of TB patients did not link to care and an additional 5.5% died after being referred to local clinics. Patients with cough and microbiologically diagnosed TB had higher odds of linking to care and receiving treatment more quickly. Interventions to identify and re-engage patients who do not present to local clinics within days of referral could improve the TB treatment cascade.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Viola Dreyer, Ayan Mandal, Prachi Dev, Matthias Merker, Ivan Barilar, Christian Utpatel, Kayzad Nilgiriwala, Camilla Rodrigues, Derrick W. Crook, Jean-Philippe Rasigade, Thierry Wirth, Nerges Mistry, Stefan Niemann
Summary: This study analyzed 1852 consecutive MTBC strains obtained from a tertiary care hospital laboratory in Mumbai, India, and found that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains in India have high levels of resistance and certain L2 strains have higher epidemiological success rates. Rapid changes in treatment and control strategies are needed to contain the spread of MDR-TB strains.