4.4 Article

A meta-analysis of the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in schizophrenia

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SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
卷 141, 期 2-3, 页码 153-161

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DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.08.014

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Schizophrenia; Pufa; Erythrocyte; Brain volume loss; Fatty acid

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Background: Membrane abnormalities in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported in schizophrenia and have been associated with brain tissue loss in normal ageing. Therefore PUFA may be involved in the excessive brain tissue loss reported in schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic MEDLINE database search was conducted to identify studies that compared PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes in patients and controls. Patients were categorized by medication regime in medication naive first-episode patients, and patients receiving typical or atypical antipsychotics. Sample: Fourteen studies were included, comprising a total of 429 patients with schizophrenia and 444 healthy control subjects. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated for PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes using the random-effects model. Combined Cohen's d was calculated separately for patients on different medication regime. Results: Medication-naive patients and patients taking typical antipsychotics showed significantly (p<0.01) decreased concentrations of arachidonic (AA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acid. In addition, patients taking typical antipsychotics showed decreased linoleic (LA), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosatetraenoic (DTA) acid (p<0.01). Patients taking atypical antipsychotics showed decreased DHA (p<0.01) only. Conclusions: PUFA concentrations in erythrocyte membranes are decreased in schizophrenia. Of particular importance in patients are lower concentrations of DHA and AA, two fatty acids that are abundant in the brain and important precursors in the cell-signalling cascade. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Heritability of Urinary Amines, Organic Acids, and Steroid Hormones in Children

Fiona A. Hagenbeek, Jenny van Dongen, Rene Pool, Amy C. Harms, Peter J. Roetman, Vassilios Fanos, Britt J. van Keulen, Brian R. Walker, Naama Karu, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Joost Rotteveel, Martijn J. J. Finken, Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren, Cornelis Kluft, Meike Bartels, Thomas Hankemeier, Dorret Boomsma

Summary: This study investigated the role of genetic and environmental factors in urinary metabolomics data in children. The findings suggest that urinary metabolites have significant heritability, with similar estimates for amines and organic acids, and higher estimates for steroid hormones.

METABOLITES (2022)

Review Biology

Why did glutamate, GABA, and melatonin become intercellular signalling molecules in plants?

Yaron Caspi, Chrysoula K. Pantazopoulou, Jeanine J. Prompers, Corne M. J. Pieterse, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Kaisa Kajala

Summary: Intercellular signalling is essential for multicellular life. Studying the commonalities and differences in how signalling molecules function in different branches of life can provide insights into their recruitment for intercellular signalling. This review focuses on the plant function of three well-studied animal intercellular signalling molecules, glutamate, ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and melatonin, and suggests that molecules with key metabolic functions or involvement in reactive ion species scavenging have a high potential for becoming intercellular signalling molecules. Additionally, the evolution of machinery to transduce signals across plasma membranes is necessary, as evidenced by the lack of evidence for serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine acting as intercellular signalling molecules in plants.
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