Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorena Carrascal-Laso, Maria Isidoro-Garcia, Ignacio Ramos-Gallego, Manuel A. Franco-Martin
Summary: Current research has summarized the influence of different CYP450 gene polymorphisms on the metabolism of second-generation antipsychotic drugs, particularly olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine. Although significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between different phenotypes have been observed, more comprehensive studies describing pharmacokinetic interactions and environmental conditions among other variables are needed to fully understand these pharmacogenetic interactions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuhei Nishimura, Kenji Kurosawa
Summary: This mini-review discusses the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in developmental disorders (DDs) using genome-wide and candidate gene-based approaches. It focuses on zebrafish and mouse models and introduces novel methods for analyzing G x E associated with DDs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Leanna M. M. Hernandez, Minsoo Kim, Pan Zhang, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Gil Hoftman, Robert Loughnan, Diana Smith, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Chun Chieh Fan, Carrie E. E. Bearden, Wesley K. K. Thompson, Michael J. J. Gandal
Summary: In this study, we found that increased expression of the C4A gene is associated with a greater risk of schizophrenia. We explored the relationship between genetically regulated expression of C4A and childhood brain structure, cognition, and psychiatric symptoms in children aged 9-12 years. Our results suggest that C4A may have neurodevelopmental effects on the structure of the medial temporal lobe in childhood, which could serve as a biomarker for schizophrenia risk before the onset of symptoms.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sandra Machlitt-Northen, Robert Keers, Patricia Munroe, David Howard, Michael Pluess
Summary: Research suggests that both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in the development of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The study found that gene-environment correlation gets stronger over time and the majority of this correlation remains stable across different development periods.
Article
Psychiatry
Alice Braun, Julia Kraft, Stephan Ripke
Summary: This study aims to collect a genetically dense cohort of 1,000 schizophrenia cases and 1,000 controls to investigate genotype-phenotype associations, specific disease subtypes, and gene-environment interactions. The ultimate goal is to gain insights into the etiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and inform risk prediction and treatment strategies.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Marah H. Wahbeh, Dimitrios Avramopoulos
Summary: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness with a strong genetic component, but non-genetic factors also play a role. Research shows that interactions between genes and the environment can increase the risk of developing psychosis, which is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruth J. F. Loos, Charles Burant, Ellen A. Schur
Summary: This article reviews the use of cell biology, genetics, and imaging techniques in understanding weight regain after weight loss, noting that genetic and environmental factors are involved in weight regain. Most genetic loci related to weight point to the central nervous system, which is believed to be responsible for determining the weight set point.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Dorota Frydecka, Eid Abo Hamza, Ahmed Helal, Ahmed A. Moustafa
Summary: This review examines the relationship between childhood adversity and the onset of psychosis, focusing on the impact of specific genetic variants that affect dopamine levels. The review highlights the significant role of COMT, DRD2, and AKT1 genes in mediating the association between childhood adversity and the development of psychosis. Conflicting findings on the impact of dopamine genes suggest the need to consider other genetic and environmental factors.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Amelie Nikstat, Christopher R. Beam, Rainer Riemann
Summary: Behavior genetic methods are valuable for investigating the interaction between genetic factors and family environment in internalizing problem behavior. However, previous twin studies have yielded inconsistent results due to variations in the types and measurement of environmental factors. This study explores gene-by-environment interaction patterns using various indicators to assess family-level risks and resources associated with internalizing problem behavior. Findings suggest that adverse family conditions increase the impact of gene-environment interaction, particularly in relation to parenting behavior, while socioeconomic status has a lesser role. This highlights the importance of parental involvement in interventions for preadolescents and the need for tailored interventions for adolescents based on socioeconomic status.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Conrad O. Iyegbe, Paul F. O'Reilly
Summary: Rare and common genetic variants associated with schizophrenia provide convergent clues about the underlying biology of this complex disorder.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Tina Kretschmer, Charlotte Vrijen, Ilja Maria Nolte, Jasmin Wertz, Catharina Annette Hartman
Summary: This study examines the effects of gene-environment interplay on early adult externalizing behavior. The results show that while there is a small evocative gene-environment correlation, the effect sizes are more pronounced for stability in externalizing behavior from childhood through early adulthood. The findings highlight the importance of early intervention to prevent later problems.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sandra Machlitt-Northen, Robert Keers, Patricia B. Munroe, David M. Howard, Vassily Trubetskoy, Michael Pluess
Summary: The study found that environmental and psychosocial risk factors for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder are partially associated with children's genetic risk for these psychiatric disorders. Single-parent families and lack of father's involvement in child care are correlated with genetic risk for schizophrenia. Moreover, indicators of low socioeconomic status are associated with heightened genetic risk for major depressive disorder in children. Sensitivity analyses showed that more than half of the significant correlations reflected passive gene-environment correlation.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aiying Zhang, Jian Fang, Wenxing Hu, Vince D. Calhoun, Yu-Ping Wang
Summary: Recent advances in imaging genetics enable comprehensive diagnosis of mental disorders by integrating medical images and genetic data, providing a new perspective. A proposed latent Gaussian copula model can detect SNP-brain associations more accurately, showing promising potential in handling mixed types of data.
IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Isabella R. Willcocks, Sophie E. Legge, Mariana Nalmpanti, Lucy Mazzeo, Adrian King, John Jansen, Marinka Helthuis, Michael J. Owen, Michael C. O'Donovan, James T. R. Walters, Antonio F. Pardinas
Summary: Research suggests that increasing clozapine concentration may lead to decreased neutrophil counts in patients, but this association is weakened after considering the metabolic ratio between clozapine and its metabolite norclozapine. Genetic factors, specifically pharmacogenomic SNPs, could also play a role in influencing neutrophil counts during clozapine treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Sophia Metz, Tuomas O. Kilpelainen
Summary: The rapid increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes globally in recent decades may be a result of diabetogenic environmental changes acting in conjunction with genetic predisposition. Behavioral modification focusing on weight loss, physical activity, and diet has been shown to delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. Despite genetic differences, behavioral changes appear equally effective in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes, regardless of known genetic predisposition.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mingli Li, Wei Deng, Yinfei Li, Liansheng Zhao, Xiaohong Ma, Hua Yu, Xiaojing Li, Yajing Meng, Qiang Wang, Xiangdong Du, Pak Chung Sham, Lena Palaniyappan, Tao Li
Summary: In the untreated early stages of schizophrenia, patients display both an increase and a decrease in grey matter distribution. The higher grey matter distribution is associated with reduced illness burden and better cognitive performance, suggesting a compensatory role in the early stages of schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Chang Xi, Zhening Liu, Can Zeng, Wenjian Tan, Fuping Sun, Jie Yang, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: This study investigated the differences in the topological organization of the functional connectome during a working memory task between bipolar disorder type 1 and major depressive disorder. The results showed that patients with bipolar disorder type 1 had lower accuracy and longer reaction time at high working memory loads, and their brain connectivity in the default mode network and sensorimotor network was decreased. In contrast, patients with major depressive disorder had increased connectivity in the default mode network during high working memory loads. These findings have the potential to differentiate between bipolar disorder type 1 and major depressive disorder.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Maria Francisca Alonso-Sanchez, Roberto Limongi, Joseph Gati, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: A central feature of schizophrenia is the disorganization and impoverishment of language. In this study, researchers investigate the relationship between semantic similarity and connectivity in the word production system among first-episode-schizophrenia (FES) patients. Resting-state fMRI scans of 30 untreated FES patients and 30 healthy controls were collected, and a spectral dynamic causal model was used to analyze the data. The results suggest that lexical impoverishment in FES patients is related to increased self-inhibition in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the ventral anterior temporal lobe (vATL).
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Angelica M. Silva, Roberto Limongi, Michael Mackinley, Sabrina D. Ford, Maria Francisca Alonso-Sanchez, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: This study investigates whether syntactic complexity deteriorates within six months following the first episode of psychosis in those who develop schizophrenia. The findings suggest that the consensus diagnosis of schizophrenia can predict a decrease in nominal subjects per clause among individuals with first episode psychosis. Furthermore, a decrease in this clause-complexity index after six months of experiencing the first episode can predict with high probability a consensus diagnosis of schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Lena Palaniyappan, Philipp Homan, Maria F. Alonso-Sanchez
Summary: This article discusses the disorganization and impoverishment in verbal behavior, a defining feature of schizophrenia, and explores the challenges and possible approaches in mapping it to the brain network level. The article highlights the need for refining the phenotype, designing robust experiments, making informed analytical choices, and presents potential targets for brain stimulation studies. Developing a therapeutically beneficial pathophysiological model for Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) is of great importance in improving interpersonal communication and reducing social disability in schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Brooke Carter, Rebecca Rodrigues, Jennifer Reid, Suzanne Archie, Amanda L. Terry, Lena Palaniyappan, Arlene G. MacDougall, Aristotle Voineskos, Saadia Hameed Jan, Liisa Jaakkimainen, Branson Chen, Neo Sawh, Kelly K. Anderson
Summary: Sex differences in clinical presentation exist in primary care for early psychosis, with fewer positive symptoms and substance use recorded in medical records of women. Women were more likely to be diagnosed with depression or anxiety, personality disorder, psychological distress, and other mental or behavioral disorders, and less likely to be diagnosed with addiction. Further research is needed to understand sex differences in clinical presentation in the primary care context and improve detection and intervention for first-episode psychotic disorders.
ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Eric J. Tan, Iris E. C. Sommer, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: This special issue of DISCOURSE in Psychosis explores the significance of language in psychosis, such as the connection between formal thought disorder and conceptual disorganization, and the neural mechanisms responsible for these features. It also discusses the use of computational techniques to study language in psychosis, as well as the potential for utilizing speech and language data for digital phenotyping in psychiatry.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Hugo Corona Hernandez, Cheryl Corcoran, Amelie M. Achim, Janna N. de Boer, Tessel Boerma, Sanne G. Brederoo, Guillermo A. Cecchi, Silvia Ciampelli, Brita Elvevag, Riccardo Fusaroli, Silvia Giordano, Mathias Hauglid, Arjan van Hessen, Wolfram Hinzen, Philipp Homan, Sybren F. de Kloet, Sanne Koops, Gina R. Kuperberg, Kritika Maheshwari, Natalia B. Mota, Alberto Parola, Roberta Rocca, Iris E. C. Sommer, Khiet Truong, Alban E. Voppel, Marieke van Vugt, Frank Wijnen, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: This workshop summary discusses the application of natural language processing (NLP) markers in psychosis and other psychiatric disorders. It highlights the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders for the optimal development of NLP markers. The challenges of implementing NLP marker-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) in psychiatric practice, particularly in relation to psychosis, are also identified.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Roberto Limongi, Angelica M. Silva, Michael Mackinley, Sabrina D. Ford, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: Active inference is applied to investigate conceptual disorganization in first-episode schizophrenia. The study finds that the effective connectivity of the salience network underlies conceptual organization, and low conceptual organization is associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia. This finding provides a critical advance in understanding the pathophysiology of formal thought disorder.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Feiwen Wang, Zhening Liu, Sabrina D. Ford, Mengjie Deng, Wen Zhang, Jie Yang, Lena Palaniyappan
Summary: This study investigated the dynamic functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia during different working memory loads. It found that patients showed disrupted connectivity and reduced stability in the supplementary motor area (SMA), which correlated with increased positive symptoms and disorganized behavior. Restoring SMA stability in the presence of cognitive demands may have therapeutic implications for treating schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Olajumoke M. Ologundudu, Lena Palaniyappan, Lauren E. Cipriano, Ben F. M. Wijnen, Kelly K. Anderson, Shehzad Ali
Summary: Treating all individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis may be cost-effective compared to risk stratification, according to an economic model evaluation.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Rudolf Uher, Barbara Pavlova, Joaquim Radua, Umberto Provenzani, Sara Najafi, Lydia Fortea, Maria Ortuno, Anna Nazarova, Nader Perroud, Lena Palaniyappan, Katharina Domschke, Samuele Cortese, Paul D. Arnold, Jehannine C. Austin, Michael M. Vanyukov, Myrna M. Weissman, Allan H. Young, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Andrea Danese, Merete Nordentoft, Robin M. Murray, Paolo Fusar-Poli
Summary: The offspring of parents with mental disorders have an increased risk of developing mental disorders themselves, extending beyond the specific disorders present in their parents. This comprehensive meta-analysis provides important insights for targeted prevention and genetic counseling.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Helen Morgan, Laura Wells, Ashleigh Lin, Penelope Strauss, Yael Perry
Summary: Parental support is crucial for the well-being of trans youth, but many parents struggle with rejection or ambivalence towards their child's gender. This study found that parents desired support but lacked understanding and resources. Good-quality information, positive changes in their child, and peer connections were identified as key facilitators for increased support. Parents expressed a need for an online platform that provides evidence-based information and resources, as well as access to others' experiences.
LGBTQ FAMILY-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Helen Morgan, Dan Raab, Ashleigh Lin, Penelope Strauss, Yael Perry
Summary: Parental support is crucial for trans youth, but most of them face unsupportive attitudes from their parents. This study aimed to understand how youth perceive parental reactions to their gender identity disclosure and identify barriers and facilitators of support. Qualitative interviews revealed a range of initial parental reactions, from rejection to unconditional support. Barriers included lack of knowledge, parental isolation, stigma, and fear, while facilitators included good-quality information, peer connection, and positive trans representation.
LGBTQ FAMILY-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
E. A. Adama, D. Arabiat, M. J. Foster, E. Afrifa-Yamoah, K. Runions, R. Vithiatharan, A. Lin
Summary: Living with a long-term medical condition increases the risk for mental health and psychosocial difficulties. This study aims to explore parents' perceptions of the psychosocial impact of rare diseases on their school-aged children in Western Australia. The findings show that a majority of participants reported health-related stigma and bullying experienced by their children. The children had high sensory abilities but low to moderate self-care competence in social activities and peer relations. Nearly half of the parents reported mental health difficulties among their children. These findings highlight the need for greater efforts to support the psychological and social well-being of children with rare diseases in mainstream schools in Western Australia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
(2023)
