Article
Behavioral Sciences
Lasse Randers, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Birgitte Fagerlund, Dorte Nordholm, Kristine Krakauer, Carsten Hjorthoj, Birte Glenthoj, Merete Nordentoft
Summary: The study found that UHR individuals exhibited significant impairment across all neurocognitive domains, and processing speed may be the primary factor underlying this widespread neurocognitive impairment.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Wainberg, Grace R. Jacobs, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Shreejoy J. Tripathy
Summary: This study explores the relationship between dimensional psychopathology and neurobiological, familial, and genetic risk factors in a large population of preadolescents. The findings suggest that specific dimensions of psychopathology are associated with decreased functional connectivity in certain brain networks, while family history indicators are associated with all dimensions. These findings are significant for understanding the trajectory of psychopathology during adolescence.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Krogh Andreassen, Rikke Lambek, Nicoline Hemager, Christina Bruun Knudsen, Lotte Veddum, Anders Helles Carlsen, Anette Faurskov Bundgaard, Anne Sondergaard, Julie Marie Brandt, Maja Gregersen, Mette Falkenberg Krantz, Birgitte Klee Burton, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted, Aja Greve
Summary: Despite genetic overlap, working memory impairments are mainly found in children of parents with schizophrenia. Using a data-driven approach, researchers found that a subset of children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder exhibited persistent working memory impairments throughout middle childhood, which may serve as a vulnerability marker of transition to severe mental illness.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicoline Hemager, Camilla Jerlang Christiani, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup, Katrine Soborg Spang, Ditte Ellersgaard, Birgitte Klee Burton, Maja Gregersen, Aja Neergaard Greve, Yunpeng Wang, Ron Nudel, Ole Mors, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Merete Nordentoft, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen
Summary: This study examined neurocognitive heterogeneity in young children at familial high-risk of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Three neurocognitive subgroups were identified, and the prevalence of these subgroups in FHR-BP and FHR-SZ children was examined. The results showed that FHR-SZ children were more likely to be in the Mildly Impaired subgroup, while FHR-BP children were more likely to be in the Above Average subgroup. Neurocognitive heterogeneity was significantly related to concurrent functioning, psychopathology severity, home environment adequacy, and polygenic scores for schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicoline Hemager, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Anne Thorup, Camilla Christiani, Ditte Ellersgaard, Katrine Soborg Spang, Birgitte Klee Burton, Maja Gregersen, Anne Sondergaard, Aja Neergaard Greve, Ditte Lou Gantriis, Ole Mors, Merete Nordentoft, Kerstin J. Plessen
Summary: Children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder did not show significant differences in decision making efficacy compared to controls. Decision making was weakly associated with neurocognition and adequacy of the home environment.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julie Marie Brandt, Nicoline Hemager, Ditte Ellersgaard, Maja Gregersen, Anne Sondergaard, Jessica Ohland, Katrine Soborg Spang, Camilla Christiani, Birgitte Klee Burton, Aja Greve, Carsten Hjorthoj, Ole Mors, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Merete Nordentoft, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
Summary: This study aimed to investigate hair cortisol concentrations and perceived stress among 7-year-old children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and population-based controls. The results showed that hair cortisol concentrations were not higher in 7-year-old children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP, but self-reported perceived stress was higher in these two groups.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Kate E. Valerio, Katherine G. Jonas, Greg Perlman, Evelyn J. Bromet, Roman Kotov
Summary: Individuals with schizophrenia and other psychoses exhibit cognitive impairments, while their unaffected siblings show mild deficits compared to controls. Pre- and post-onset factors affect cognitive deficits in psychosis, with pre-onset factors being more prominent in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia and other psychoses are on a neurodevelopmental continuum, with schizophrenia being a more severe presentation.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joanne L. Doherty, Adam C. Cunningham, Samuel J. R. A. Chawner, Hayley M. Moss, Diana C. Dima, David E. J. Linden, Michael J. Owen, Marianne B. M. van den Bree, Krish D. Singh
Summary: The study utilized magnetoencephalography to investigate the electrophysiological markers of brain activity in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The findings revealed alterations in local and global network function, which may contribute to the increased vulnerability to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in this population.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Dandan Li, Fengyan Zhang, Lu Wang, Yifan Zhang, Tingting Yang, Kai Wang, Chunyan Zhu
Summary: This study found that patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) exhibit impaired decision-making, particularly under risky conditions, and have difficulties with executive function. This suggests a specific pattern of decision-making deficits in AOS, emphasizing the importance of considering risk-taking behaviors and executive functions in this population.
Article
Neurosciences
Isabel Morales-Munoz, Edward R. Palmer, Steven Marwaha, Pavan K. Mallikarjun, Rachel Upthegrove
Summary: The study found that persistent high levels of anxiety in childhood and adolescence may increase the risk of developing psychotic experiences and psychotic disorder, with C-reactive protein potentially mediating this association.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Camilla Jerlang Christiani, Nicoline Hemager, Ditte Ellersgaard, Anne A. E. Thorup, Katrine Soborg Spang, Birgitte Klee Burton, Maja Gregersen, Anne Sondergaard, Aja Greve, Ditte Lou Gantriis, Ole Mors, Kerstin J. Plessen, Merete Nordentoft, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen
Summary: This study identified three subgroups with relatively homogeneous social cognitive and language functioning profiles in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, including a Typical-High Functioning Subgroup, a Mildly Impaired Subgroup with selective impairments, and a Significantly Impaired Subgroup. The Significantly and Mildly Impaired Subgroups showed poorer social responsiveness and global functioning compared to the Typical-High Functioning Subgroup. Only a small proportion of children displayed large social cognitive and language functioning impairments in middle childhood.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Richard Baguma, Stanley Kimbung Mbandi, Miguel J. Rodo, Mzwandile Erasmus, Jonathan Day, Lebohang Makhethe, Marwou de Kock, Michele van Rooyen, Lynnett Stone, Nicole Bilek, Marcia Steyn, Hadn Africa, Fatoumatta Darboe, Novel N. Chegou, Gerard Tromp, Gerhard Walzl, Mark Hatherill, Adam Penn-Nicholson, Thomas J. Scriba
Summary: Pre-adolescent children show lower or more regulated pro-inflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to young adults, which may contribute to the lower risk of tuberculosis disease in this age group.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Guusje Collin, Clemens C. C. Bauer, Sheeba Arnold Anteraper, John D. E. Gabrieli, Elena Molokotos, Raquelle Mesholam-Gately, Heidi W. Thermenos, Larry J. Seidman, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Martha E. Shenton, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
Summary: This study found that pre-adolescent children at familial risk for psychosis exhibit hyperactivity in the posterior default mode network during self-referential processing, which may be associated with internalizing problems.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Maja Gregersen, Anne Sondergaard, Julie Marie Brandt, Ditte Ellersgaard, Sinnika Birkehoj Rohd, Carsten Hjorthoj, Jessica Ohland, Mette Falkenberg Krantz, Martin Wilms, Anna Krogh Andreassen, Christina Bruun Knudsen, Lotte Veddum, Aja Greve, Vibeke Bliksted, Ole Mors, Lars Clemmensen, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Merete Nordentoft, Nicoline Hemager, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
Summary: Children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of mental disorders at age 11, with lower global functioning compared to controls. This vulnerability presents early and remains stable throughout childhood.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Samuel Ming Xuan Tan, Jie Yin Yee, Sugam Budhraja, Balkaran Singh, Zohreh Doborjeh, Maryam Doborjeh, Nikola Kasabov, Edmund Lai, Alexander Sumich, Jimmy Lee, Wilson Wen Bin Goh
Summary: This study investigates the transcriptomic changes associated with psychosis conversion in peripheral whole blood. The results show that genes containing schizophrenia risk loci are not differentially expressed in psychosis conversion. The differentially expressed genes are enriched for cellular replication ontologies and associated with non-neurological GWAS phenotypes. There is minimal overlap between genes differential with psychosis conversion and genes differential between pre-conversion and non-conversion samples. Further studies are needed to understand the indirect associations between psychosis conversion and peripheral blood-based biomarkers.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sonja M. C. de Zwarte, Rachel M. Brouwer, Ingrid Agartz, Martin Alda, Silvia Alonso-Lana, Carrie E. Bearden, Alessandro Bertolino, Aurora Bonvino, Elvira Bramon, Elizabeth E. L. Buimer, Wiepke Cahn, Erick J. Canales-Rodriguez, Dara M. Cannon, Tyrone D. Cannon, Xavier Caseras, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Qiang Chen, Yoonho Chung, Elena de la Serna, Caterina del Mar Bonnin, Caroline Demro, Annabella Di Giorgio, Gaelle E. Doucet, Mehmet Cagdas Eker, Susanne Erk, Mar Fatjo-Vilas, Scott C. Fears, Sonya F. Foley, Sophia Frangou, Janice M. Fullerton, David C. Glahn, Vina M. Goghari, Jose M. Goikolea, Aaron L. Goldman, Ali Saffet Gonul, Oliver Gruber, Tomas Hajek, Emma L. Hawkins, Andreas Heinz, Ceren Hidiroglu Ongun, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Josselin Houenou, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Christina M. Hultman, Martin Ingvar, Viktoria Johansson, Erik G. Jonsson, Fergus Kane, Matthew J. Kempton, Marinka M. G. Koenis, Miloslav Kopecek, Bernd Kraemer, Stephen M. Lawrie, Rhoshel K. Lenroot, Machteld Marcelis, Venkata S. Mattay, Colm McDonald, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Stijn Michielse, Philip B. Mitchell, Dolores Moreno, Robin M. Murray, Benson Mwangi, Leila Nabulsi, Jason Newport, Cheryl A. Olman, Jim van Os, Bronwyn J. Overs, Aysegul Ozerdem, Giulio Pergola, Marco M. Picchioni, Camille Piguet, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Joaquim Radua, Ian S. Ramsay, Anja Richter, Gloria Roberts, Raymond Salvador, Aybala Saricicek Aydogan, Salvador Sarro, Peter R. Schofield, Esma M. Simsek, Fatma Simsek, Jair C. Soares, Scott R. Sponheim, Gisela Sugranyes, Timothea Toulopoulou, Giulia Tronchin, Eduard Vieta, Henrik Walter, Daniel R. Weinberger, Heather C. Whalley, Mon-Ju Wu, Nefize Yalin, Ole A. Andreassen, Christopher R. K. Ching, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Theo G. M. van Erp, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M. Thompson, Rene S. Kahn, Neeltje E. M. van Haren
Summary: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia show widespread thinner cortex, while relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder show widespread larger cortical surface area. Both groups have lower IQ scores compared to controls, with schizophrenia relatives showing more pronounced brain abnormalities and bipolar disorder relatives showing weaker effects after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Silvia Amoretti, Adriane R. Rosa, Gisela Mezquida, Bibiana Cabrera, Maria Ribeiro, Mariola Molina, Miquel Bioque, Antonio Lobo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, David Fraguas, Iluminada Corripio, Eduard Vieta, Elena de la Serna, Laura Morro, Marina Garriga, Carla Torrent, Manuel J. Cuesta, Miguel Bernardo
Summary: This study explored the mediating effects of cognitive reserve on the relationship between cognitive performance, clinical symptoms, and functioning in first-episode psychosis patients. The results showed that cognitive reserve partially mediated the relationship between attention and negative symptoms at baseline and functioning at follow-up, and fully mediated the relationship between verbal memory and functioning at follow-up. The findings highlight the importance of cognitive reserve in understanding the long-term functioning of patients with first-episode psychosis.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Marta Rodriguez-Pascual, Xavier Alvarez-Subiela, Jordina Tor, Marta Pardo, Elena de la Serna, Gisela Sugranyes, Olga Puig, Inmaculada Baeza, Montserrat Dolz
Summary: A high percentage of subjects with Psychotic Risk Syndrome (PRS) also have comorbid depressive disorders, with difficulties in distinguishing between depressive and negative symptoms. More research is needed to understand the impact of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on PRS children and adolescents.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Laia Marques-Feixa, Helena Palma-Gudiel, Soledad Romero, Jorge Moya-Higueras, Marta Rapado-Castro, Agueda Castro-Quintas, Inaki Zorrilla, Maria Jose Munoz, Maite Ramirez, Maria Mayoral, Ariadna Mas, Maria Jose Lobato, Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla, Lourdes Fananas
Summary: This study investigates the impact of childhood maltreatment on HPA-axis functioning and anxiety perception. The results show that childhood maltreatment is associated with disturbances in HPA-axis functioning and heightened anxiety perception. The severity and frequency of maltreatment also influence these effects.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Esther Via, Anna Calvo, Elena de la Serna, Anna Blazquez, Luisa Lazaro, Susana Andres-Perpina, Maria Teresa Plana, Itziar Flamarique, Esteve Martinez, Jose Pariente, Elena Moreno, Nuria Bargallo, Josefina Castro-Fornieles
Summary: Resting-state connectivity in the cortico-striatal system (CSTS) and default mode network (DMN) is altered in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). These alterations improve with weight and symptom improvement and may be associated with changes in inhibitory processing performance.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
E. De la Serna, O. Puig, G. Mezquida, L. Moreno-Izco, J. Merchan-Naranjo, S. Amoretti, P. Ruiz, A. Gonzalez-Pinto, M. Molina-Garcia, I Corripio, E. Vieta, I Baeza, D. Berge, R. Penades, A. Sanchez-Torres, M. J. Cuesta, M. Bernardo, J. Castro-Fornieles
Summary: Early onset psychosis is associated with greater cognitive impairment in overall cognition, executive functioning, and sustained attention. Youth onset psychosis falls between early onset and adult onset psychosis in most cognitive factors.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Patricia Camprodon-Boadas, Mireia Rosa-Justicia, Gisela Sugranyes, Dolores Moreno, Inmaculada Baeza, Daniel Ilzarbe, Covadonga Martinez Diaz-Caneja, Mirian Ayora, Jessica Merchan, Nuria Martin, Roger Borras, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Carla Torrent, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Elena de la Serna
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze cognitive reserve in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and compare them with a group of community controls. The results showed that offspring of schizophrenia patients had lower cognitive reserve levels compared to offspring of bipolar disorder patients and community controls. Furthermore, a higher cognitive reserve was associated with less psychopathology, better psychosocial functioning, and higher working memory score in all groups, but the association was stronger in offspring of schizophrenia patients.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Silvia Amoretti, Norma Verdolini, Cristina Varo, Gisela Mezquida, Ana M. Sanchez-Torres, Eduard Vieta, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Antonio Lobo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Renzo Abregu-Crespo, Iluminada Corripio, Maria Serra, Elena de la Serna, Anna Mane, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Marta Ribases, Manuel J. Cuesta, Miguel Bernardo
Summary: This study examined the impact of cognitive reserve and cannabis use on clinical and functional outcomes in first-episode psychosis patients. The results showed that regardless of cannabis use, cognitive reserve was associated with better cognitive performance. In patients who did not use cannabis, cognitive reserve was also associated with better clinical and functional outcomes.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Isabel Valli, Elena De la Serna, Alex G. Segura, Jose C. Pariente, Angels Calvet-Mirabent, Roger Borras, Daniel Ilzarbe, Dolores Moreno, Nuria Martin-Martinez, Inmaculada Baeza, Mireia Rosa-Justicia, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja, Nicolas A. Crossley, Allan H. Young, Eduard Vieta, Sergi Mas, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Gisela Sugranyes
Summary: This study examined cognitive function and its clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates in youth at family risk for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Participants were grouped into intact, intermediate, and impaired clusters based on cognitive performance. The impaired cluster showed lower total brain surface area, particularly in the frontal and temporal cortices, and had poorer psychosocial functioning and worse PRS-COG compared to the other clusters and controls.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Alex G. Segura, Gisela Mezquida, Albert Martinez-Pinteno, Patricia Gasso, Natalia Rodriguez, Lucia Moreno-Izco, Silvia Amoretti, Miquel Bioque, Antonio Lobo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Alicia Garcia-Alcon, Alexandra Roldan-Bejarano, Eduard Vieta, Elena de la Serna, Alba Toll, Manuel J. Cuesta, Sergi Mas, Miquel Bernardo
Summary: Early intervention is crucial for preventing the progression of psychotic disorders. This study found that genetic susceptibility related to cognitive performance is associated with an increased risk of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and its clinical and cognitive progression. Additionally, genetic susceptibility for depression is associated with a worsening trajectory of executive function and general cognitive status.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jordina Tor, Inmaculada Baeza, Anna Sintes-Estevez, Elena De la Serna, Olga Puig, Daniel Munoz-Samons, Javier Alvarez-Subiela, Gisela Sugranyes, Montserrat Dolz
Summary: Cognitive impairments can predict who will develop a psychotic disorder and who will not. This study analyzes the cognition of children and adolescents with PRS to understand the role of cognitive alterations in psychosis.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Adriana Fortea, Philip van Eijndhoven, Daniel Ilzarbe, Albert Batalla, Angels Calvet-Mirabent, Elena de la Serna, Olga Puig, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Montserrat Dolz, Jordina Tor, Sara Parrilla, Esther Via, Christian Stephan-Otto, Inmaculada Baeza, Gisela Sugranyes
Summary: Comparing cortical surface area between individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and healthy controls, it was found that CHR-P adolescents who developed a psychotic disorder showed a greater decrease in cortical surface area in the parietal and frontal lobes compared to those who did not develop psychosis. These results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment, cannabis use, or intelligence quotient (IQ).
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Hidalgo-Figueroa, Alejandro Salazar, Cristina Romero-Lopez-Alberca, Karina S. MacDowell, Borja Garcia-Bueno, Miquel Bioque, Miquel Bernardo, Mara Parellada, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, M. Paz Garcia-Portilla, Antonio Lobo, Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez, Esther Berrocoso, Juan C. Leza, FLAMM-PEPs Study
Summary: This study found that prolactin levels decreased in FEP patients during follow-up, and patients treated with risperidone or paliperidone had higher prolactin levels than those treated with other antipsychotic agents. However, no changes in oxytocin and homocysteine plasma levels were observed between baseline and follow-up. Prolactin and homocysteine levels were associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms in male FEP patients, but not in females. These molecules, along with oxytocin, may also be related to cognitive domains in FEP patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Elisa Rodriguez-Toscano, Clara Alloza, David Fraguas, Manuel Duran-Cutilla, Laura Roldan, Teresa Sanchez-Gutierrez, Gonzalo Lopez-Montoya, Mara Parellada, Carmen Moreno, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Hannah E. Jongsma, Marta Di Forti, Diego Quattrone, Eva Velthorst, Lieuwe de Haan, Jean-Paul Selten, Andrei Szoke, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Andrea Tortelli, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuan, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Ilaria Tarricone, Domenico Berardi, Mirella Ruggeri, Antonio Lasalvia, Laura Ferraro, Caterina La Cascia, Daniele La Barbera, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Bart P. Rutten, Jim van Os, Peter B. Jones, Robin M. Murray, James B. Kirkbride, Craig Morgan, Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja, Celso Arango
Summary: Illegal stimulant use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorder, particularly in first-episode cases. This study examines the patterns of stimulant use and their impact on the odds of first-episode psychosis (FEP) across multiple European countries and Brazil.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mar Guasp, Mireia Rosa-Justicia, Amaia Munoz-Lopetegi, Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez, Thais Armangue, Gisela Sugranyes, Heike Stein, Roger Borras, Laia Prades, Helena Arino, Jesus Planaguma, Elena De-La-Serna, Domingo Escudero, Sara Llufriu, Raquel Sanchez-Valle, Joan Santamaria, Albert Compte, Josefina Castro-Fornielest, Josep Dalmau
Summary: The study described the clinical features of NMDA receptor encephalitis in the post-acute stage, found similarities with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, identified factors predicting cognitive-psychiatric outcomes, and explored their potential as prognostic biomarkers.