Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michele Renard, David T. Kelly, Niamh Ni Cheilleachair, Ciaran O. Cathain
Summary: Female field-based team sport athletes generally have insufficient dietary intake, particularly in terms of overall energy, carbohydrate, and iron intake, when compared to dietary recommendations. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind this and to explore the potential negative consequences.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abdolreza Kazemi, Ghazi Racil, Amir Hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar, Mohadeseh Behnam Moghadam, Parisa Karami, Menno Henselmans
Summary: This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate loading on the performance of elite soccer players under ecologically valid conditions using GPS data. The results showed that carbohydrate loading significantly improved running distance, maximum speed, and repeated sprints, while reducing player load, metabolic power, and running imbalance during the match.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna Gogojewicz, Anna Straburzynska-Lupa, Tomasz Podgorski, Paulina Frajtag, Karol Bibrowicz, Ewa Sliwicka
Summary: This descriptive study assessed the dietary intake and nutritional status of a group of Polish male futsal players. The results showed inadequate energy and carbohydrate intake, as well as excessive protein and cholesterol intake. Therefore, educating athletes and coaches about proper food choices, promoting quality foods, and using individual dietary plans is necessary.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Luisa Scalvedi, Laura Gennaro, Anna Saba, Laura Rossi
Summary: The study found that the nutrition knowledge level of some adults is related to their self-perception nutrition knowledge level. 40% of the sample exhibited eating habits consistent with their nutrition knowledge level. Living in rural areas, being young, and having low education levels were factors associated with lower nutrition literacy and/or unhealthy eating habits.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marius Baranauskas, Ingrida Kupciunaite, Rimantas Stukas
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between diet quality and training-induced muscle mass in elite male athletes. The results showed that low-carbohydrate diet was associated with lower muscle mass in aerobic male athletes. Adequate protein intake was found to be beneficial for muscle mass gain in anaerobic male athletes. Increased intake of specific amino acids, such as isoleucine and histidine, was positively correlated with muscle mass gain, while higher valine intake was negatively associated with muscle mass among anaerobic male athletes.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amy Janiczak, Brooke L. Devlin, Adrienne Forsyth, Gina Louise Trakman
Summary: Athletes' dietary intake sometimes does not meet sports nutrition guidelines. There is a weak to moderate positive association between nutrition knowledge and positive dietary behaviors among athletes. The wide variety of nutrition knowledge measurement tools used makes it difficult to synthesize results to determine overall knowledge levels in athletes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Oona Kettunen, Ritva Mikkonen, Vesa Linnamo, Jaakko Mursu, Heikki Kyrolainen, Johanna K. Ihalainen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between energy availability (EA) and macronutrient intake with performance, anthropometric characteristics, blood markers, training volume, and risk of low energy availability (LEA) in young female cross-country skiers. The results showed that body fat percentage (F%) and training volume were the most important factors explaining performance. Additionally, lower carbohydrate intake and EA increased the risk of LEA. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutritional intake for supporting performance and overall health.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chun Zhou, Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Panpan He, Qinqin Li, Chengzhang Liu, Xianhui Qin
Summary: The study found a U-shaped association between the percentage of energy from carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with the lowest risk at 49-56% of carbohydrate intake. There was an L-shaped association between high-quality carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, and a J-shaped association of low-quality carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes. The findings suggest that consuming high-quality carbohydrates and substituting plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrates may help prevent diabetes.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michelle T. Barrack, John Sassone, Francis Dizon, Alexander C. Wu, Stephanie DeLuca, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Adam S. Tenforde
Summary: This study aimed to examine the use of dietary supplements among preadolescent endurance runners and found that over one-quarter of them regularly consumed dietary supplements. Female runners had higher usage of supplements, while male runners were more inclined to use creatine and sport foods. Factors associated with dietary supplement use included weight loss, female gender, vegetarian diet, skipping meals, attempting to gain weight, and history of bone stress injury related to running.
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alaa K. Alahmadi, Reem S. Albassam
Summary: Athletes and practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, have poor nutritional knowledge and dietary intake and may benefit from nutritional education and training to improve their knowledge, dietary intake, and performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Corinne Reinhard, Stuart D. R. Galloway
Summary: Overall, most endurance athletes consume a combination of commercial sports nutrition products and everyday foods during training. Participants tend to prefer sports drinks during low-to-moderate intensity exercises and gels during high-intensity exercises. Women consume more everyday foods while men consume more commercial sports nutrition products.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jason P. Pitt, Richard M. Bracken, S. N. Scott, Federico Y. Fontana, Kristina Skroce, Olivia McCarthy
Summary: This study compared the in-ride nutritional practices of professional cyclists with type 1 diabetes during training and racing conditions and found that energy intake and carbohydrate consumption were similar. The time spent within the euglycemic range was also similar.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keith T. Ayoob
Summary: The 2025-2030 United States Dietary Guidelines process is ongoing, with a focus on whether starchy vegetables and grains should be interchangeable and categorized separately. Menu modeling analyses suggest that replacing starchy vegetables with grains can result in a decline in key nutrients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
James A. Fleming, Ciaran O. Cathain, Liam D. Harper, Robert J. Naughton
Summary: The study found that youth tennis players have sub-optimal nutrition practices, with under fueling and inadequate carbohydrate intake, potentially affecting their performance, adaptation, recovery, and health.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Brie S. Salagaras, Kristen L. Mackenzie-Shalders, Maximillian J. Nelson, Francois Fraysse, Thomas P. Wycherley, Gary J. Slater, Chris McLellan, Kuldeep Kumar, Vernon G. Coffey
Summary: The study evaluated the validity of the GeneActiv accelerometer in athletes and compared energy expenditure with intake in elite Australian Football players. Results showed significant discrepancies between energy intake and expenditure on certain days during the competition week, with carbohydrate intake consistently below recommendations.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Despite the increasing participation and popularity of women's sports, female-specific research in sports science and sports medicine has not kept pace, with studies historically focusing more on men due to the complexity of female physiology. Recognizing the potential problems with translating research findings from men to women, efforts are being made to address the gender disparity in SSSM research. By conducting audits of existing literature, gaps in knowledge and areas for improvement can be identified to guide future research and ultimately achieve gender equity in SSSM studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alannah K. A. McKay, Trent Stellingwerff, Ella S. Smith, David T. Martin, Inigo Mujika, Vicky L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Jeremy Sheppard, Louise M. Burke
Summary: This paper presents a 6-tiered Participant Classification Framework that can be used to classify individuals with different exercise backgrounds and athletic abilities. The framework can be applied prospectively and retrospectively in research, providing uniformity in classification practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alannah K. A. Mckay, Peter Peeling, David B. Pyne, Nicolin Tee, Jamie Whitfield, Avish P. Sharma, Ida A. Heikura, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Short-term adherence to a low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diet can have small but unfavorable effects on immune, inflammatory, and iron-regulatory responses to exercise. Restricting carbohydrates, rather than energy availability, may have greater negative impacts on athlete health.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jason C. Siegler, Amelia J. Carr, William T. Jardine, Lilia Convit, Rebecca Cross, Dale Chapman, Louise M. Burke, Megan Ross
Summary: The study found that under resting conditions, both sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate induce a greater plasma hypervolemic response compared to water alone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Mark A. Hearris, Jamie N. Pugh, Carl Langan-Evans, Stephen J. Mann, Louise Burke, Trent Stellingwerff, Javier T. Gonzalez, James P. Morton
Summary: We investigated the effects of different forms of carbohydrate intake on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, gastrointestinal discomfort, and exercise capacity. The results showed that the peak rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and oxidation efficiency were not significantly different across the different forms of carbohydrate intake. Participants reported minimal symptoms of gastrointestinal distress regardless of the form of carbohydrate intake. Additionally, exercise capacity was not significantly affected by the different forms of carbohydrate intake. These findings suggest that consuming 120 g/h of carbohydrate is a well-tolerated strategy to promote high carbohydrate availability during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Oliver M. Shannon, Jason D. Allen, Raul Bescos, Louise Burke, Tom Clifford, Chris Easton, Javier T. Gonzalez, Andrew M. Jones, Kristin L. Jonvik, Filip J. Larsen, Peter Peeling, Barbora Piknova, Mario Siervo, Anni Vanhatalo, Kerry McGawley, Simone Porcelli
Summary: This study used the modified Delphi technique to gather the consensus of 12 expert panel members on the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. The panel agreed on 39 statements (17.6%) out of 222, with the majority of statements receiving a vote of insufficient evidence. The study provides recommendations for the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid, taking into account factors such as aerobic fitness and safe dosage.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bronwen Lundy, Monica K. Torstveit, Thomas B. Stenqvist, Louise M. Burke, Ina Garthe, Gary J. Slater, Christian Ritz, Anna K. Melin
Summary: A questionnaire-based screening tool (LEAM-Q) for male athletes at risk of low energy availability (LEA) was developed, and it was found that low sex drive was the most effective self-reported symptom in identifying male athletes requiring further clinical assessment for LEA.
Article
Physiology
Amelia J. Carr, Brent S. Vallance, Jessica Rothwell, Anna E. Rea, Louise M. Burke, Joshua H. Guy
Summary: This study documents the strategies executed by Australian endurance athletes during the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games, which focused on heat acclimation/acclimatization, cooling, and nutritional strategies. It found that these strategies may have contributed to the successful race outcomes achieved by the race walkers.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nikita C. Fensham, Ida A. Heikura, Alannah K. A. McKay, Nicolin Tee, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Louise M. Burke
Summary: This study compared the effects of low energy availability and carbohydrate restriction on bone metabolism. The results showed that short-term carbohydrate restriction led to reduced bone formation markers, while exercise increased bone resorption. A diet providing adequate energy and carbohydrates was found to reduce the negative impact of exercise on bone turnover in elite endurance athletes.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ricardo J. S. Costa, Pascale Young, Samantha K. Gill, Rhiannon M. J. Snipe, Stephanie Gaskell, Isabella Russo, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Strenuous exercise can disturb gastrointestinal integrity and function, leading to systemic immune responses and exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. The accuracy of translating study outcomes into practical applications and future research design is affected by substantial experimental limitations. Improving methodological quality is crucial for accurate interpretation of research findings and safe practice guidelines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Micronutrient deficiencies and sub-optimal intakes among female athletes are a concern. However, current research and literature on the use of supplements do not adequately consider women's needs. There is a lack of studies on sex-based differences in response to calcium, iron, and vitamin D supplementation. Additionally, the quality and quantity of literature specific to female athletes are inadequate. More high-quality research is needed to address these gaps and ensure that women's specific needs are considered in supplementation protocols.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carissa Gardiner, Jonathon Weakley, Louise M. Burke, Gregory D. Roach, Charli Sargent, Nirav Maniar, Andrew Townshend, Shona L. Halson
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of caffeine on sleep characteristics, finding that it reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and deep sleep, while increasing sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The study provides evidence-based recommendations, suggesting that caffeine should be consumed at least 8.8 hours before bedtime to avoid negative effects on sleep.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amy-Lee M. Bowler, Jamie Whitfield, Lachlan Marshall, Vernon G. Coffey, Louise M. Burke, Gregory R. Cox
Summary: This review discusses the potential value and applications of continuous glucose monitors in tracking interstitial glucose in athletes. While CGMs provide real-time tracking, further research is needed to determine their practical significance in sports. The use of CGMs raises technical, practical, and data interpretation concerns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Jamie Whitfield, Louise M. Burke, Megan L. R. Ross, Nicolin Tee, Avish P. Sharma, Andy J. King, Ida A. Heikura, Aimee Morabito, Alannah K. A. McKay
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Alannah K. A. Mckay, Nicolin Tee, Megan L. R. Ross, Louise M. Burke
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)