期刊
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
卷 47, 期 5, 页码 1625-1640出版社
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00603-014-0596-7
关键词
Hydraulic fracture; Natural fracture; Fracture interaction; Fracture arrest; Fracture crossing; Fracture reinitiation; Fracture offsets; Fracture tip blunting; Fracture height containment; Interface activation; Interface permeability; Renshaw-Pollard model; Blanton model; OpenT model
We develop a new analytical model, called OpenT, that solves the elasticity problem of a hydraulic fracture (HF) contact with a pre-existing discontinuity natural fracture (NF) and the condition for HF re-initiation at the NF. The model also accounts for fluid penetration into the permeable NFs. For any angle of fracture intersection, the elastic problem of a blunted dislocation discontinuity is solved for the opening and sliding generated at the discontinuity. The sites and orientations of a new tensile crack nucleation are determined based on a mixed stress- and energy-criterion. In the case of tilted fracture intersection, the finite offset of the new crack initiation point along the discontinuity is computed. We show that aside from known controlling parameters such stress contrast, cohesional and frictional properties of the NFs and angle of intersection, the fluid injection parameters such as the injection rate and the fluid viscosity are of first-order in the crossing behavior. The model is compared to three independent laboratory experiments, analytical criteria of Blanton, extended Renshaw-Pollard, as well as fully coupled numerical simulations. The relative computational efficiency of OpenT model (compared to the numerical models) makes the model attractive for implementation in modern engineering tools simulating hydraulic fracture propagation in naturally fractured environments.
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