PATTERNS OF FISH PASSAGE IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Dams have been implicated in the alteration of natural river processes. Quantifying spatial and temporal movement and passage patterns of large river fishes are critical for determining the extent of restricted passage and the needs for fish passage improvements. However, limited information regarding this topic exists because of the inherent difficulties associated with large river systems and assumptions associated with movement studies. Because of this lack of information, we investigated broad scale passage patterns of several riverine fish species through seven locks and dams complexes of the Upper Mississippi River using telemetry. Over the course of our 5-year evaluation, we observed species-specific movement and passage patterns, and how these trends were affected by factors such as water level and lock and dam management. Stationary receivers placed in a monitoring array detected a total of 1036 passage events. Eighty-four percent of the passage occurred through all but one of the lock and dam structures during both open and closed river conditions. While 70% of the passage occurred during open river conditions, further investigation of passages that occurred during closed river conditions (when gates are extended into the water column at some level) revealed that the majority of passage occurred when the average opening for all gates ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 m. Lock usage was also quantified, and most species were not routinely using the lock chambers for passage. Ultimately, these data have shown that individuals of each study species were able to negotiate most of the locks and dams during open and closed river conditions in both directions. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.