Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joon Hyuk Choi, Swan N. Thung
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer with molecular heterogeneity. Accurate diagnosis of HCC is crucial for patient management and prognosis. This review provides an update on HCC pathology.
Review
Oncology
Felix Sahm, Sebastian Brandner, Luca Bertero, David Capper, Pim J. French, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Felice Giangaspero, Christine Haberler, Monika E. Hegi, Bjarne W. Kristensen, Kathreena M. Kurian, Matthias Preusser, Bastiaan B. J. Tops, Martin van den Bent, Wolfgang Wick, Guido Reifenberger, Pieter Wesseling
Summary: In the 5th edition of the WHO CNS tumor classification, molecular characteristics have become important diagnostic criteria for many CNS tumor types. This guideline focuses on the methods used for diagnosing gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors using informative molecular markers. Various molecular methods are discussed, including next-generation sequencing, methylation profiling, and immunohistochemistry. The guideline also covers the analysis of MGMT promoter methylation status, and provides an overview of the advantages, limitations, and requirements of different assays. The importance of molecular diagnostic testing in neuro-oncology is emphasized, along with discussions on clinical relevance, accessibility, cost, and ethical aspects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin Liechty, Zhuoran Xu, Zhilu Zhang, Cheyanne Slocum, Cagla D. D. Bahadir, Mert R. R. Sabuncu, David J. J. Pisapia
Summary: This study compares the ability of expert neuropathologists and machine learning models to predict IDH mutation status in histopathology slides of infiltrating gliomas. The study finds that the errors made by neuropathologists and ML models are different, and a hybrid model combining human and ML predictions demonstrates predictive performance comparable to expert neuropathologists.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sandra Ferreyra Vega, Thomas Olsson Bontell, Alba Corell, Anja Smits, Asgeir Store Jakola, Helena Caren
Summary: DNA methylation profiling in adult primary dLGG according to WHO 2016 classification system showed its potential utility in achieving molecular diagnosis and predicting clinical outcomes, demonstrating its reliability and robustness in molecular classification.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Giulia Berzero, Anna Luisa Di Stefano, Susanna Ronchi, Franck Bielle, Chiara Villa, Erell Guillerm, Laurent Capelle, Bertrand Mathon, Alice Laurenge, Marine Giry, Yohann Schmitt, Yannick Marie, Ahmed Idbaih, Khe Hoang-Xuan, Jean-Yves Delattre, Karima Mokhtari, Marc Sanson
Summary: The study finds that IDHwt grade II gliomas have a relatively higher survival rate, while patients meeting the definition of molecular glioblastoma have a shorter survival period. The majority of patients meeting the cIMPACT criteria have isolated TERT promoter mutations, which are not significantly associated with poor outcomes.
Article
Oncology
Takanori Matsuura, Yoshihide Ueda, Yoshiyuki Harada, Kazuki Hayashi, Kisara Horisaka, Yoshihiko Yano, Shinichi So, Masahiro Kido, Takumi Fukumoto, Yuzo Kodama, Eiji Hara, Tomonori Matsumoto
Summary: By evaluating chromosome duplication, we found that 36% of HCCs have polyploidy, which is considered as an aggressive and poor prognosis subgroup. Through transcriptome analysis and histological examination, we identified distinctive cellular morphology and architecture in polyploid HCCs, and overexpression of specific markers can efficiently predict prognosis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Shuangshuang Song, Yi Shan, Leiming Wang, Ye Cheng, Hongwei Yang, Guoguang Zhao, Zhenguang Wang, Jie Lu
Summary: The study found that the MGMT promoter methylation status does not affect the [F-18]FET uptake and CBF in gliomas, as validated by stereotactic biopsy results. There is no correlation between [F-18]FET PET uptake and CBF with the percentage of MGMT promoter methylation.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shangyi Luo, Shiwei Zhu, Jianlong Liao, Yajing Zhang, Xiaobo Hou, Tao Luo, Erjie Zhao, Jinyuan Xu, Lin Pang, Xin Liang, Yun Xiao, Xia Li
Summary: This study revealed significant genetic intratumoural heterogeneity in diffuse gliomas, especially in terms of IDH mutations and 1p/19q codeletion. Gliomas with subclonal IDH mutations and no 1p/19q codeletion showed shorter survival times and higher genetic heterogeneity, as well as differences in genomic patterns, transcript levels, and proliferative potential.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yasuhide Makino, Yoshiki Arakawa, Ema Yoshioka, Tomoko Shofuda, Sachiko Minamiguchi, Takeshi Kawauchi, Masahiro Tanji, Daisuke Kanematsu, Masahiro Nonaka, Yoshiko Okita, Yoshinori Kodama, Masayuki Mano, Takanori Hirose, Yohei Mineharu, Susumu Miyamoto, Yonehiro Kanemura
Summary: RAS mutations were identified in four cases out of 242 gliomas, including three KRAS mutations and one NRAS mutation, distributed in various types of glioma tissues. RAS mutation appears infrequent in gliomas and is not associated with any specific histological phenotype.
Article
Oncology
Sabino Russi, Luigi Marano, Simona Laurino, Giovanni Calice, Dario Scala, Graziella Marino, Alessandro Sgambato, Pellegrino Mazzone, Ludovico Carbone, Giuliana Napolitano, Franco Roviello, Geppino Falco, Pietro Zoppoli
Summary: Molecular heterogeneity is a major determinant of clinical outcomes in advanced gastric cancer. This study explored the transcriptome of two major subgroups of gastric cancer and identified different biological and molecular pathways associated with each group. The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and disease progression, and may aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Review
Oncology
Evi J. van Kempen, Max Post, Manoj Mannil, Benno Kusters, Mark ter Laan, Frederick J. A. Meijer, Dylan J. H. A. Henssen
Summary: Current research shows promising results in using machine learning algorithms to determine molecular characteristics of gliomas non-invasively, with a focus on IDH1/2 genotype. The accuracy for classifying 1p/19q codeletion status is relatively lower. Despite encouraging findings, large-scale prospective trials and external validation are necessary for future implementation.
Article
Oncology
Carlos G. Romo, Anna F. Piotrowski, Jian L. Campian, Jose Diarte, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Tejus A. Bale, Sonika Dahiya, David H. Gutmann, Calixto-Hope G. Lucas, Laura Prichett, Ingo Mellinghoff, Jaishri O. Blakeley
Summary: Little is known about the clinical course or pathologic features of NF1-associated gliomas in adults. This study retrospectively collected data from 45 NF1 patients with non-OPGs and reviewed their pathology. The results showed that non-OPGs in adults with NF1 often have an aggressive clinical course, indicating a need for further research on the pathobiology of these NF1-associated gliomas.
Review
Oncology
Laura Cattaneo, Giovanni Centonze, Giovanna Sabella, Vincenzo Lagano, Valentina Angerilli, Carlotta Pardo, Emilio Bertani, Francesca Spada, Natalie Prinzi, Sara Pusceddu, Matteo Fassan, Nicola Fazio, Massimo Milione
Summary: Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are epithelial tumors that combine neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components, each accounting for more than 30% of the tumor. The presence of a neuroendocrine component seems to indicate the tumor's behavior. The origins of the neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components could potentially come from a pluripotent cancer stem cell.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Max Blokker, Philip C. de Witt Hamer, Pieter Wesseling, Marie Louise Groot, Mitko Veta
Summary: This article presents a real-time deep learning-based pipeline for automated glioma image analysis. By using nonlinear multiphoton microscopy, this method enables real-time imaging of brain tissue during surgery and achieves good accuracy in image analysis through a custom noise detection scheme and convolutional classification network.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xiong Xiao, Xiaoou Li, Yi Wang, Changcun Pan, Peng Zhang, Guocan Gu, Tian Li, Zhuang Jiang, Yang Zhang, Liwei Zhang
Summary: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of brainstem gliomas (BSGs) is highly heterogeneous and can be classified into four clusters. These clusters have different impacts on clinical outcomes and tumor biological properties. A four-gene panel can accurately identify the TME classification, facilitating its clinical application.