Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Neri Maria Cristina, d'Alba Lucia
Summary: Nutritional well-being is crucial for the elderly, but malnutrition is common in this population due to various factors. Understanding the pathophysiology of malnutrition in the elderly is essential for developing effective intervention strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ken Asaishi, Masahiro Matsui, Hiroki Nishikawa, Masahiro Goto, Akira Asai, Kosuke Ushiro, Takeshi Ogura, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Shiro Nakamura, Kazuki Kakimoto, Takako Miyazaki, Shinya Fukunishi, Hideko Ohama, Keisuke Yokohama, Hidetaka Yasuoka, Kazuhide Higuchi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to grip strength decline in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The results showed that grip strength decline was associated with age, gender, body mass index, inflammatory markers, and nutritional markers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Egan L. Choi, Negar Taheri, Abhishek Chandra, Yujiro Hayashi
Summary: Due to modern medical advancements, more people are living longer lives. However, this increased lifespan does not always correspond to improved health, and can lead to a rise in aging-related diseases. These diseases are often attributed to cellular senescence, which creates a proinflammatory environment suitable for tumor progression. This review focuses on the effects of cellular senescence on gastrointestinal aging, inflammation, and cancers, aiming to enhance our understanding of these processes for future therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Shinyoung Jun, Jeonghee Lee, Jeongseon Kim
Summary: This cohort study examines the correlation between dietary fiber intake and the development of gastrointestinal tract cancer among Korean adults.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francesco Bellanti, Aurelio Lo Buglio, Stefano Quiete, Gianluigi Vendemiale
Summary: Malnutrition has a significant impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients, but it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, accurate screening tools are essential to identify patients at risk and develop personalized nutritional interventions.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Fuhua Li, Kaifang Zeng, Jian Ming
Summary: Dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols (DP) have distinct yet interconnected roles in lowering blood sugar levels. DF slows down glucose metabolism by enhancing digesta viscosity and hindering enzyme-substrate interaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT), while DP primarily targets enzymes and substrates. When combined, DP enhances DF's adsorption capacity for glucose, while weakening DP's inhibitory effect on enzymes. Both DF and DP disrupt glucose intestinal uptake through physical or genomic modulation, but the co-consumption of DF and DP has a lower inhibitory effect on glucose uptake compared to DP alone. In the lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT), DF and DP show synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut microbiota. Remarkably, whole foods have potent prebiotic effects due to their compound-rich matrix, potentially enhancing glucose homeostasis and expanding dietary options for glucose regulation research.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
M. L. Sanchez-Tocino, S. Mas-Fontao, C. Gracia-Iguacel, M. Pereira, I. Gonzalez-Ibarguren, A. Ortiz, M. D. Arenas, E. Gonzalez Parra
Summary: This study aimed to develop a sarcopenia index based on malnutrition parameters for screening muscle wasting in elderly hemodialysis patients. The results showed that the combination of loss of strength, loss of muscle mass, and low physical performance correlated with malnutrition. Regression equations were developed to predict the severity of sarcopenia, and easily accessible anthropometric and nutritional parameters were used for screening.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elissa Elia, David Brownell, Stephane Chabaud, Stephane Bolduc
Summary: This passage discusses the similarities between the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, which both consist of hollow structures that rely on muscle contractions to facilitate the flow of materials. It describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of these organs, with a particular emphasis on tissue engineering strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zenon Zdunczyk, Dariusz Mikulski, Jan Jankowski, Bogdan A. Slominski, Jerzy Juskiewicz
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with graded levels of pea seeds on the gastrointestinal function of turkeys. The results showed that increasing the content of pea seeds in the diet can increase the weight of the small intestine and the dry matter content of intestinal digesta, but it has no effect on the pH of digesta. Pea seeds did not cause any changes in the morphological parameters of the small intestinal mucosa or the activities of cecal microbial enzymes. The inclusion of pea seeds at 200 and 300 g/kg of the diet reduces the content of soybean meal and wheat in turkey diets, which has a positive effect on gastrointestinal function.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yuhuang Hou, Joris Michiels, Celine V. Kerschaver, Mario Vandaele, Maryam Majdeddin, Els Vossen, Jeroen Degroote
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of dietary GSH in the gastrointestinal tract and the effect of GSH on the intestinal redox status of weaned piglets. The results showed that GSH almost completely disappeared from the digesta at SI2. Regardless of the dietary treatment, the level of CYS and CYSS in the digestive tract was significantly increased when GSH was supplemented.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongsong Liu, Xiao Li, Haojun Lei, Dan Li, Hongxing Chen, Daniel Schlenk, Bo Yan, Luo Yongju, Lingtian Xie
Summary: Excess dietary seleno-L-methionine adversely affects Japanese medaka by inhibiting growth, causing histopathological damage to the gastrointestinal tract, and altering microbial community composition.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie Treibmann, Julia Gross, Susann Paetzold, Thomas Henle
Summary: In this study, the reaction of methylglyoxal (MGO) with creatine, arginine, and lysine during digestion was investigated. The results showed that MGO quickly reacted with creatine and arginine, forming hydroimidazolone compounds. In an intervention study, it was found that simultaneous ingestion of MGO and creatine increased the excretion of hydroimidazolone compounds. These findings indicate that MGO reacts with amino compounds during human digestion, leading to the formation of glycation products.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah, Jack Gilbert, Suzanne Devkota
Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiota, with dietary selection pressures throughout life influencing the composition and diversity of microorganisms. Personalized dietary solutions should be tailored to an individual's personal history and nutritional needs.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Dietary fibers, including chitin, have significant effects on gastrointestinal physiology and immunity. Depletion or supplementation of dietary fibers can have negative or positive effects on the immune system of the murine digestive tract, which is relevant to food allergies and systemic metabolism.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ju Young Park, So Young Bu
Summary: This study found that middle-aged Koreans with a GNRI <= 98 have a significantly increased risk for heart disease, including coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure, compared with those with GNRI > 98. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm the predictive ability of GNRI in adults at risk for disease.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
James Lees, Lucrezia Gorini, Stian Torjussen, Margarida Oliveira, Paula Pinto, Maria Potes Barbas, Madalena Martins, Melanie S. Jones, Victoria Sheppard, Ana Petronilho, Margarida Trindade
Summary: This paper provides an example of best practice in enhancing employability for doctorate-holders in the cross-sectoral labour market. A transnational skills development project was conducted, involving researchers from different universities and career stages. The findings indicate that transnational collaboration enhances the learning environment for researchers and provides significant professional development opportunities for both researchers and research support staff.
STUDIES IN GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sivan Ben-Avraham, Elkana Kohn, Sigal Tepper, Ronit Lubetzky, Dror Mandel, Matitiahu Berkovitch, Danit R. Shahar
Summary: This study examines the relationship between nutrient intake of pregnant women and the consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF), and finds that high UPF intake is associated with adverse maternal health and neonatal outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Figueira, Paulo Bastos, Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrias, Juan Carlos Espin, Bruno Costa-Silva, Claudia Nunes dos Santos
Summary: Effective strategies to prolong life and health span are recognized as mild stressors, and dietary compounds such as polyphenols may have protective effects. This review discusses the current limited data on how polyphenols exposure can modify exosome activity, and highlights major questions regarding the interplay between exosomes and polyphenolic compounds that still need to be fully understood.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catarina J. G. Pinto, Maria Angeles Avila-Galvez, Yilong Lian, Pedro Moura-Alves, Claudia Nunes dos Santos
Summary: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that can control complex transcriptional processes in various cell types and has been associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Different compounds, including xenobiotics, natural compounds, and host-derived metabolites, have been identified as ligands of the AHR. Dietary (poly)phenols, which have been extensively studied for their pleiotropic activities, may also modulate the AHR. However, the extensive metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols in the gut, particularly by the gut microbiota, may result in the production of gut phenolic metabolites that could play a key role in modulating AHR and influencing inflammatory processes in the gut.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stefano Nebbia, Olivia Menard, Marie-Francoise Cochet, Gwenaele Henry, Nathalie Daniel, Lorraine Moran, Kate Lennon, Grainne Dollard, Cian Moloney, Michelle Collins, Francois Morgan, Didier Dupont
Summary: Due to the lower efficiency of the elderly digestion system, new formulations are needed to increase the bioaccessibility of macronutrients. The study evaluated the effect of different protein sources production processes and lipid sources on the digestion of elderly formulas. The results showed a slight impact of the production process on proteolysis and a lesser extent of lipolysis when bovine cream was added to the formula.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafael Carecho, Diogo Carregosa, Bernardo Oliveira Ratilal, Ines Figueira, Maria Angeles Avila-Galvez, Claudia Nunes dos Santos, Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young adults worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of TBI are still not fully understood, despite advances in our knowledge. Secondary brain injury processes occur gradually following the initial acute damage, providing a therapeutic window for interventions. Nutritional interventions, particularly (poly)phenols found in fruits and vegetables, have shown promise in enhancing the repair processes after TBI. However, more research is needed to fully understand the effects and limitations of (poly)phenols in TBI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Katarina Cankar, Johanna Christina Hakkert, Robert Sevenier, Christina Papastolopoulou, Bert Schipper, Joao P. . Baixinho, Naiara Fernandez, Melanie S. Matos, Ana Teresa Serra, Claudia Nunes Santos, Khabat Vahabi, Alain Tissier, Paul Bundock, Dirk Bosch
Summary: This study identifies an enzyme in chicory roots that can synthesize a compound with anti-inflammatory activity, and demonstrates that the accumulation of this compound can be increased through gene editing techniques. This contributes to a better understanding of the synthesis pathway of this compound in chicory and highlights the potential for extracting different health products from chicory.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessandra Bordoni
Summary: As we deal with climate change and scarcity of natural resources, the challenge is to provide sufficient, nutritious, safe, and affordable food for a growing global population without harming the environment. The water footprint (WF) is an important indicator of the environmental impact of diets, and this study evaluates the WF of the food patterns suggested by the Italian Food Based Dietary Guidelines for the first time. The results show that the suggested Italian dietary patterns have a low WF, but consumer choices and providing information to farmers and producers can further reduce water usage.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pablo Jimenez-Barrios, Laura Sanchez-Rivera, Daniel Martinez-Maqueda, Yann Le Gouar, Didier Dupont, Beatriz Miralles, Isidra Recio
Summary: It is known that casein hydrolysis accelerates gastrointestinal transit, but its effect on the composition of digests is not fully understood. This study aims to characterize duodenal digests from pigs fed with micellar casein and casein hydrolysate at the peptidome level. The digests from casein contained a wider range and more peptides compared to the hydrolysate. The peptide profile was different, with more opioid sequences found in the casein digests. Plasma amino acid levels were higher in animals fed with the hydrolysate at short times. Discriminant analysis tools were used to identify sequence differences between the substrates for future studies.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sara Margherita Borgonovi, Elena Chiarello, Federica Pasini, Gianfranco Picone, Silvia Marzocchi, Francesco Capozzi, Alessandra Bordoni, Alberto Barbiroli, Alessandra Marti, Stefania Iametti, Mattia Di Nunzio
Summary: Buckwheat is recognized as a good source of nutrients and is receiving increasing attention as a potential functional food. This study found that sprouting buckwheat for 48 and 72 hours increased the content of peptides and free-phenolic compounds, improved antioxidant activity, reduced anti-nutritional components, and improved the overall nutritional characteristics. These results confirm the potential of sprouted buckwheat as a high-quality ingredient for innovative products.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Audrey Boulier, Sylvain Denis, Gwenaele Henry, Sylvie Guerin, Monique Alric, Nathalie Meunier, Adeline Blot, Bruno Pereira, Corinne Malpuech-Brugere, Didier Remond, Yves Boirie, Alain Baniel, Ruddy Richard, Didier Dupont, Gaelle Boudry
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of casein structure on its digestion and subsequent amino acid delivery. The results showed that sodium caseinate (SC), formed of small aggregates, had higher nitrogen levels after in vitro digestion compared to micellar casein (MC) and calcium caseinate (CC). In a randomized, double blind, cross-over study with healthy volunteers, the peak concentration of indispensable amino acids in plasma was higher after SC ingestion than after MC or CC ingestion. γ-scintigraphy using labelled meals in pigs revealed that SC was mainly localized in the proximal part of the stomach while MC was distributed in the entire gastric cavity. Caseins were found in both solid and liquid phases, and partly hydrolyzed shortly after SC drink ingestion. These findings support the concept of slow digestion for MC and rapid digestion for SC, likely due to their intra-gastric clotting properties.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Olivia Menard, Lucile Chauvet, Gwenaele Henry, Didier Dupont, Claire Gaudichon, Juliane Calvez, Amelie Deglaire
Summary: The present study aimed to determine the contribution of endogenous nitrogen to the protein digestibility values obtained in vitro. The results showed that endogenous nitrogen plays an important role in protein digestion, especially when digesting low protein solutions.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Amelie Deglaire, Jeehyun Lee, Luca Lanotte, Thomas Croguennec, Cecile Le Floch-Fouere, Romain Jeantet, Nadia Berkova, Frederique Pedrono, Yves Le Loir, Didier Dupont, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, Sergine Even
Summary: The review explores the challenges and opportunities in optimizing infant formula (IF) to make it more biomimetic and sustainable. The study suggests that optimizing IF requires trade-offs between various objectives, such as mimicking human milk, ensuring safety, and considering sustainability issues. A multi-objective optimization strategy, involving collaboration across different disciplines, is proposed for rethinking IF production.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giorgia Antonelli, Elena Chiarello, Gianfranco Picone, Silvia Tappi, Giulia Baldi, Mattia Di Nunzio, Eleni Mente, Stelios Karapanagiotis, Phelly Vasilaki, Massimiliano Petracci, Pietro Rocculi, Alessandra Bordoni, Francesco Capozzi
Summary: Fish is an essential part of the human diet, with an increasing proportion expected to come from aquaculture production in the future. Sustainable growth in aquaculture requires the use of new raw materials while maintaining the nutritional value of fish meat. The study evaluated the impact of a newly formulated feed and preservation treatments on the composition and digestibility of sea bass fillets, finding that the formulated feed maintained good nutritional value and pulsed electric field (PEF) showed promise as a preservation technology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anais Lavoisier, Martine Morzel, Severine Chevalier, Gwenaele Henry, Julien Jardin, Marielle Harel-Oger, Gilles Garric, Didier Dupont
Summary: This study investigated the digestion differences of high-protein dairy products in the elderly population. The results showed that the digestion rate in the gastric phase was slower in the older adult model, but no significant differences were observed in proteolysis in the intestinal phase compared to the young adult model.
