Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Darcy Wear, Eesha Bhagirath, Arpana Balachandar, Caleb Vegh, Siyaram Pandey
Summary: Neuroblastoma is a common tumor in children under 1 year old, while glioblastoma has a poor prognosis. Manipulation of autophagy has shown promise in targeting cancers, including glioblastoma. Combining autophagy inhibitors with standard chemotherapies can improve patient prognosis and reduce side effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hao Wang, Ruining Yang, Zhenglu Wang, Lei Cao, Dejun Kong, Qian Sun, Sei Yoshida, Jiashu Ren, Tao Chen, Jinliang Duan, Jianing Lu, Zhongyang Shen, Hong Zheng
Summary: This study confirmed that the combination of the autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAPA) and metronomic capecitabine (mCAP) could induce ferroptosis in CD4+ T cells, resulting in immunosuppressive effects after liver transplantation. These findings support the concept of ferroptosis as an autophagy-dependent cell death and suggest that the combination of ferroptosis inducers and autophagy inducers is a new research direction for improving immunosuppressive regimens after liver transplantation.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Nicoletta Cordani, Serena Capici, Viola Cogliati, Francesca Riva, Maria Grazia Cerrito
Summary: This article reviews the current state and underlying mechanisms of metronomic chemotherapy use, discussing new regimens, cancer types suitable for mCHT, and ongoing trials. It highlights that mCHT not only directly affects tumor cells, but also influences the cell microenvironment, making it a promising multi-target therapy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hui Zhang, Qingwen Xue, Zihan Zhou, Ningning He, Shangyong Li, Cheng Zhao
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and chemotherapy or radiotherapy is the standard treatment. Researchers have designed and synthesized a co-delivery nanodelivery drug system that can accurately release drugs into cells by changing pH, effectively inhibiting tumor cell autophagy, and significantly enhancing the cytotoxicity of co-administered drugs in vitro. This study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Vikas Garg, Lalit Kumar
Summary: Translational research and targeted therapies have significantly impacted the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Recurrent ovarian cancer remains a challenge and requires innovative strategies. Metronomic chemotherapy, which inhibits angiogenesis and activates the immune system, has emerged as a promising approach.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bac Thanh Le, Duong Duc La, Phuong Thi Hoai Nguyen
Summary: Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) are highly porous materials with an ordered crystalline structure that have been extensively studied for various applications, including drug delivery. In this study, the MIL-100(Fe) MOF was synthesized using ultrasonic assistance and characterized using various techniques. The prepared MIL-100(Fe) exhibited uniform particle morphology and a high surface area, making it suitable as a carrier for chloroquine drug delivery. The drug release from the MIL-100(Fe)@chloroquine system was found to be slow and controlled, reducing the risk of drug shock.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Perrine Renard, Laure Caccavelli, Antoine Legendre, Caroline Tuchmann-Durand, David Balakirouchenane, Benoit Blanchet, Marjolene Straube, Celine Narjoz, Arnaud Hubas, Alexa Garros, Karine Mention, Nathalie Bednarek, Nicolas Goudin, Christine Broissand, Joel Schlatter, Salvatore Cisternino, Nicolas Cagnard, Peter van Endert, Julien Diana, Hortense de Calbiac, Pascale de Lonlay
Summary: This study tested the effect of hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment in Lipin-1 deficient patients. It was found that the physical conditions of the patients improved, but there was a risk of rhabdomyolysis at high concentrations. The study also found that hydroxychloroquine sulfate can reduce oxidative stress at low concentrations.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Minji Choi, Nagyeong Byun, Jae Ryoung Hwang, Yun-Sun Choi, Ji-Hee Sung, Suk-Joo Choi, Jung-Sun Kim, Soo-Young Oh, Cheong-Rae Roh
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of chloroquine compounds on syncytial differentiation and autophagy in primary human trophoblasts. The results showed that chloroquine compounds could mitigate biochemical and morphological syncytial trophoblast differentiation through the JAK signaling pathway rather than the inhibition of autophagic activity.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Ravi K. Amaravadi
Summary: Macroautophagy/autophagy is a resistance mechanism to targeted therapy in BRAF mutant cancers, and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to effectively inhibit autophagy. A recently published clinical trial evaluated the safety and activity of dabrafenib, trametinib, and HCQ in BRAF V600-mutant melanoma patients, demonstrating a high response rate. Although the progression-free survival did not meet the pre-specified threshold for the entire cohort, it showed promising results in patients with elevated LDH and prior treatment.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Piotr J. Wysocki, Maciej T. Lubas, Malgorzata L. Wysocka
Summary: This study investigated the actual effectiveness of metronomic chemotherapy in mCRPC patients who had failed all available standard therapies, and identified the optimal metronomic regimen for heavily pretreated mCRPC patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yanghua Tang, Yongfu Li, Dawei Xin, Lin Chen, Zhenfei Xiong, Xuezi Yu
Summary: The study found that icariin can alleviate osteoarthritis by regulating the autophagy of chondrocytes via mediating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Britney Niemann, Amanda Puleo, Conley Stout, Justin Markel, Brian A. Boone
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the detailed mechanisms of action of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and their clinical applications in various disease areas. Previous research has focused on specific pathways without considering the overall context, while this review offers a broader perspective and identifies common themes in the literature.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Renting Jiang, Xin Li, Dun Hu, Min Zhu, Di Zhou, Mengying Yuan, Xin Hu, Shengdan Nie, Jiajia Liu, Haoyue Xiang, Hua Yang, Yi Zhang, Shan Wang
Summary: The utilization of tannic acid (TA)-templated silicon nanoparticles has successfully identified rapamycin as a sensitizer for ferroptosis, demonstrating enhanced anticancer effects through multiple pathways both dependent and independent on autophagy. This study provides a versatile platform for rapamycin to enhance ferroptosis with controlled release and improved distribution in vivo.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Young Ik Koh, Kyung Seok Oh, Jung Ah Kim, Byunghwa Noh, Hye Ji Choi, Sun Young Joo, John Hoon Rim, Hye-Youn Kim, Dong Yun Kim, Seyoung Yu, Da Hye Kim, Sang-Guk Lee, Jinsei Jung, Jae Young Choi, Heon Yung Gee
Summary: DFNA67 is a toxic proteinopathy caused by intracellular accumulation of mutant proteins, which leads to defective endolysosomal homeostasis and impaired autophagy. Treatment with rapamycin can decrease mutant protein accumulation and partially rescue hearing loss and tinnitus in mice and patients with DFNA67.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Julian M. Carosi, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: The potential use of rapamycin for treating Alzheimer's disease has been studied, suggesting promise for early prevention but limited effectiveness in resolving existing pathology. The impact of lysosomal degradative capacity on rapamycin's effectiveness in Alzheimer's treatment needs further investigation.