EFFECT OF SEED DRILL WITH FIXED SHANKS FOR DEEP ACTION IN SOIL UNDER NO-TILL

The adoption of no-till in the humid subtropical region of Brazil based on only two precepts of conservation agriculture, soil disturbance restricted to the crop row and crop residue maintained as soil cover, has led to stratification of soil chemical properties in the 0-20 cm soil layer and physical degradation of the subsurface layer (from approximately the 5-20 cm depth), which may make for lower yields during short term droughts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of a seed drill/fertilizer applicator equipped with fixed shanks, set at four different depths, for the sowing of maize (Zea mays L.), in mitigation of chemical and physical problems in a Latossolo Vermelho distrofico humico (Rhodic Hapludox) under no-till for more than ten years. The treatments were: T-1 = shank extremity at 5 cm depth; T-2 = shank extremity at 10 cm depth; T-3 = shank extremity at 15 cm depth; and T-4 = shank extremity at 17 cm depth. The crop profile method was used to evaluate soil physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and soil resistance to penetration) at eight and ten months after sowing the maize. The chemical properties (pH in water; available P and K; exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Al; potential acidity; and organic matter) were evaluated in layers every 2.5 cm from the 0-22.5 cm depth. The seed drill/fertilizer applicator equipped with fixed shanks for ripping the soil was able to mitigate soil physical and chemical problems, both at eight and 12 months after sowing.