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Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau, Estrella Olmedo, Antonio Turiel, Cristina Gonzalez-Haro, Aina Garcia-Espriu, Justino Martinez, Pekka Alenius, Laura Tuomi, Rafael Catany, Manuel Arias, Carolina Gabarro, Nina Hoareau, Marta Umbert, Roberto Sabia, Diego Fernandez
Summary: This paper presents the first dedicated products for Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) over the Baltic Sea. These products overcome technical challenges and provide important data for understanding salinity dynamics in the region.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao Liu, Zexun Wei, Xunwei Nie
Summary: Exploring the relationship between evaporation minus precipitation and sea surface salinity is important for understanding global hydrological cycle changes and investigating the salinity budget. This study quantifies the uncertainty in this relationship based on satellite data and finds that the variability of freshwater flux is less uncertain than sea surface salinity. The difference in product combinations can affect the correlation between salinity tendency and freshwater flux.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luna M. van der Loos, Sofie D'hondt, Aschwin H. Engelen, Henrik Pavia, Gunilla B. Toth, Anne Willems, Florian Weinberger, Olivier De Clerck, Sophie Steinhagen
Summary: This study investigated the stability and variability of seaweed-associated bacteria across the Atlantic-Baltic Sea salinity gradient. Results showed that bacterial composition was strongly influenced by salinity and host species, with distinct communities in low and high salinity regions. A small taxonomic core community was identified, contributing to 14% of reads per sample, and core taxa followed a gradient model, facilitating host adaptation across the environmental gradient.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Harri T. Kankaanpaa, Pekka Alenius, Pekka Kotilainen, Petra Roiha
Summary: Temperature and salinity are crucial factors in marine habitats and gas fluxes. Using data from temperature and salinity monitoring in the northern Baltic Sea since the 1960s, as well as Argo buoy data from specific regions since 2012, linear trend analysis revealed an increase in near-bottom temperature and a decline in surface salinity. The data also indicated a correlation between deep-water temperature increase and global change in the Gotland Basin.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Hedi Kanarik, Laura Tuomi, Jan-Victor Bjorkqvist, Tuomas Karna
Summary: Currents in the Baltic Sea are generally weak, but can grow high enough to affect surface wave propagation during strong winds. Wave-current interactions were evaluated using the WAM wave model, showing minimal overall changes to the wave field. Changes in significant wave height were small, occurring in specific areas for less than 3% of the time.
Article
Oceanography
Sudip Majumder, Renato M. Castelao, Caitlin M. Amos
Summary: The study reveals seasonal and interannual variability in freshwater content in the Labrador Sea, with a large influx of freshwater from the southwest coast of Greenland in August to October, circulating westward along isobaths under the control of large-scale circulation. Satellite observations of surface salinity compare well with in situ data, showing their potential for monitoring freshwater content in high latitudes despite limitations in cold water conditions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. F. Bergamo, R. D. Ward, C. B. Joyce, M. Villoslada, K. Sepp
Summary: This study assessed changes in coastal plant community composition under altered water level and salinity scenarios through a three-year mesocosm experiment. The results showed that different plant communities responded differently to changes in water level and salinity, with significant shifts in species richness and abundance. These findings highlight the importance of conserving these important ecosystems in the face of climate change.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maren Voss, Eero Asmala, Ines Bartl, Jacob Carstensen, Daniel J. Conley, Joachim W. Dippner, Christoph Humborg, Kaarina Lukkari, Jolita Petkuviene, Heather Reader, Colin Stedmon, Irma Vybernaite-Lubiene, Nicola Wannicke, Mindaugas Zilius
Summary: Coastal waters exhibit strong gradients in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and characteristics, which originate from terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Different coastal systems show varying impacts on DOM, influenced by land use in the catchments, suggesting that the ratio of DOC:DON and DOC:DOP in tributaries may be affected.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Terry Bidleman, Kathleen Agosta, Agneta Andersson, Sonia Brugel, Lars Ericson, Katarina Hansson, Olle Nygren, Mats Tysklind
Summary: This article investigates the generation and distribution of halogenated natural products (HNPs), specifically halomethoxybenzenes (HMBs), in the ocean and on land. The study finds that HMBs are present in air, precipitation, rivers, forest fungi, and litter. HMBs volatilize and circulate through the atmosphere, precipitation, and rivers, and their production and biogeochemical cycles are influenced by climate change. The study suggests that BAs and DAME are potential indicators for partitioning and exchange processes.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xuchen Jin, Xianqiang He, Yan Bai, Difeng Wang, Qiankun Zhu, Fang Gong, Delu Pan
Summary: This study proposes an approach to improve the spatial resolution of sea surface salinity (SSS) in estuarine areas through the combination of microwave and ocean color data. The model establishes a relationship between SSS and normalized sea surface emissivity and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which is validated through in situ measurements. The results show enhanced SSS at high resolution compared to low resolution, improving the accuracy of satellite SSS observations over estuarine areas.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Kai Ge, Yuanlong Li, Yilong Lyu, Pengfei Lin, Lijing Cheng, Fan Wang
Summary: Sea surface salinity has shown a trend of increased salinity in salty regions and increased freshness in fresh regions in the past few decades. Changes in precipitation rate have been identified as the main driver for salinity trends in most tropical and subtropical regions. Wind-driven ocean dynamics and evaporation have secondary contributions. The relationship between sea surface salinity and freshwater fluxes varies by region, with many regions showing opposite trends in salinity and freshwater fluxes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah B. Hall, Bulusu Subrahmanyam, Ebenezer S. Nyadjro, Annette Samuelsen
Summary: The study highlights the recent anomalies in sea ice extent in the Arctic and the high interannual variability of oceanic surface freshwater flux in different regions. Monitoring key variables is crucial to understanding these changes, and freshwater fluxes through Arctic routes will have significant impacts on global climate as the polar regions become more susceptible to warming.
Article
Microbiology
Syed Monzur Morshed, Yu-Yi Chen, Chia-Hao Lin, Yen-Po Chen, Tsung-Han Lee
Summary: This study revealed that transfer to freshwater affects the composition and functions of gut microbiota in Asian sea bass, and this is correlated with cytokine gene expression.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Barghorn, H. E. M. Meier, H. Radtke
Summary: During the last decades, the Baltic Sea has experienced rapid warming due to increasing air temperatures and lateral advection of heat. Through a hindcast simulation, it has been found that the strong bottom water warming in the western Baltic Sea is linked to a shift in the seasonality of saltwater inflows from the North Sea. These changes, partly driven by a shift in river runoff seasonality, have ecological consequences, including faster oxygen depletion.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emma L. L. Hoffman, Bulusu Subrahmanyam, Corinne B. B. Trott, Sarah B. B. Hall
Summary: Freshwater content (FWC) in the Arctic Ocean has changed in quantity and distribution, driven by changes in freshwater sources and major currents. This study analyzed FWC variability from 1993 to 2021 using observations, ocean models, and reanalysis products. Models underestimated FWC in the Beaufort Gyre, but correlated well with observations. ORAS5 showed the best agreement with salinity data. Comparisons between models and observations identified discrepancies and highlighted areas for improvement in understanding Arctic FWC. These products are crucial for studying the dynamic and vulnerable Arctic Ocean.