Article
Mathematics
Wenchang Chu
Summary: By combining hypergeometric series computations with partial fraction decompositions, we provide complete solutions to the evaluation problems of two types of infinite series involving squared central binomial coefficients and quadratic skew harmonic numbers. We also examine two additional series of similar type.
REVISTA DE LA REAL ACADEMIA DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS FISICAS Y NATURALES SERIE A-MATEMATICAS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristina Kverkova, Lucie Marhounova, Alexandra Polonyiova, Martin Kocourek, Yicheng Zhang, Seweryn Olkowicz, Barbora Strakova, Zuzana Pavelkova, Roman Vodicka, Daniel Frynta, Pavel Nemec
Summary: Comparative analysis of brain evolution across amniotes reveals that reptiles have relatively small brains and low neuronal densities compared to birds and mammals. The most significant increases in brain neurons occurred independently in birds and mammals. Two additional major increases in neuron numbers occurred in core land birds and anthropoid primates. Interestingly, relative brain size is associated with relative neuronal cell density in reptiles, birds, and primates, but not in other mammals. This has important implications for understanding the evolutionary drivers of animal cognition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Kevin M. Bennett, Edwin J. Baldelomar, Jennifer R. Charlton
Summary: Nephron number is crucial for kidney health, and the lack of appropriate tools has hindered in vivo studies. However, emerging techniques may allow the use of functional nephron number as a biomarker in living humans.
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Phuong T. N. Hoang, Joerg Fuchs, Veit Schubert, Tram B. N. Tran, Ingo Schubert
Summary: Chromosome sets and genome sizes are stable for distinct species and provide essential cues for taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship studies. This study presents a survey on chromosome counts and genome size measurement for all 36 duckweed species, discussing their evolutionary impact and peculiarities in duckweeds.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
B. L. Mayer, L. H. A. Monteiro
Summary: The features of numerical sequences and time series are investigated using entropies and graphs in this article. Two sequences derived from the divisors of natural numbers are studied and compared with sequences formed from the divisors of happy numbers. The sequences are analyzed numerically using informational entropy and mapped into graphs using visibility algorithms, showing characteristics of quasi-random sequences.
Article
Mathematics
R. Javadi, M. Miralaei
Summary: Given a positive integer r, the r-color size-Ramsey number of a graph H, denoted by circumflex accent R(H, r), is the smallest number of edges in a graph G such that in any edge coloring of G with r colors, G contains a monochromatic copy of H. We improve the upper bound of f(r) to a polynomial function in r when n is even and to an exponential function in r when n is odd. It is also proved that in the latter case, it cannot be improved to a polynomial bound in r.
JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL THEORY SERIES B
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Padma Nimmakayala, Carlos Lopez-Ortiz, Bhagarathi Shahi, Venkata L. Abburi, Purushothaman Natarajan, Arjun Ojha Kshetry, Suhas Shinde, Brittany Davenport, John Stommel, Umesh K. Reddy
Summary: Research on cultivated Capsicum chinense revealed genetic mechanisms underlying fruit shape variation in pepper, identifying candidate genes and SNPs associated with fruit shape through genotyping by sequencing and Genome-wide association study (GWAS).
Article
Thermodynamics
Pengxiang Sui, Yan Su, Vaikuong Sin, Jane H. Davidson
Summary: This study investigates the effects of particle sizes on natural convection of nanofluids. The two Knudsen numbers Kn(d,s) and Kn(d,f) are defined using nanoparticle sizes and mean free paths in the solid and fluid phases. New effective conductivity and viscosity models are built, considering the non-linear effects of Knudsen numbers and volume fractions. A sub-continuous non-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model is used to compute the velocity and temperature fields. The results show the changes in heat transfer patterns with varying Knudsen numbers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Shu-Chiuan Chang, Robert Shrock
Summary: In this study, exact analytic expressions for the average cluster numbers on infinite-length strips of different lattices as functions of bond occupation probability were calculated. These expressions were proven to be rational functions of p. The comparison with an analytic finite-size correction formula showed excellent agreement, and the analysis of unphysical poles determined the radii of convergence of series expansions.
Article
Mathematics
Chunli Li, Wenchang Chu
Summary: By using the coefficient extraction method from hypergeometric series, the researchers have derived closed form evaluations for various infinite series that involve central binomial coefficients and harmonic numbers. These closed form evaluations include several conjectures proposed by Z.-W. Sun.
ELECTRONIC RESEARCH ARCHIVE
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Chunli Li, Wenchang Chu
Summary: By examining two hypergeometric series transformations, this study establishes several remarkable infinite series identities involving harmonic numbers and quintic central binomial coefficients, including five recently conjectured by Z.-W. Sun ['Series with summands involving harmonic numbers', Preprint, 2023, arXiv:2210.07238v7]. This is achieved through 'the coefficient extraction method' implemented by Mathematica commands.
BULLETIN OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Elin Schroder, Gustaf Gredeback, Linda Forssman, Marcus Lindskog
Summary: Research shows that early expressive vocabulary and visuospatial working memory are important for children's later mathematical knowledge, highlighting the significance of language in children's learning of numbers.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jinglu Yan, Yongxin Wang, Huanpeng Liu, Shaowei Wang
Summary: This study assessed the effect of agglomerate sizes with a fractal dimension (D-f) of 2.5 on hydrodynamics at intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re) of 1-120. The findings indicate that the core of the agglomerate behaves like a solid sphere located in the central region. Increasing the agglomerate diameter adds a permeable layer outside the agglomerate. The fluid can easily enter and penetrate through smaller agglomerates or at higher Re, leading to greater deviation from the characteristics of solid spheres.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Katja Mueller
Summary: This article explores the oppositions and challenges encountered in energy research, particularly in relation to the use of numbers. It highlights how numbers are employed as a rhetoric and power-political tool, especially in engineering and natural sciences. Understanding and critically examining the role of numbers in energy systems allows researchers to reflect on and provide recommendations for dealing with allegedly objective numbers in on-the-ground research, facilitating a more nuanced and less constrained convergence of views from natural and social sciences.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Armando Pelliccioni, Monica Gherardi
Summary: The study aims to improve the performance of MiniDISCs for simultaneous measurement of urban UFPs in multi-spatial indoor environments through the BIC procedure. This approach can enhance the precision of particle number concentration and particle modal size, allowing multiple instruments to operate as a fleet.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)