Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Olivier Thomas, Stephane Labat, Thomas Cornelius, Marie-Ingrid Richard
Summary: X-ray imaging of strains has made impressive progress recently, with improved resolution and optical elements. Development of new detectors has revolutionized measurement strategies. The introduction of a new accelerator ring concept has significantly increased brightness and coherent flux. In the next decade, fast three-dimensional imaging methods will emerge to track the evolution of strains in materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. X. Tang, C. Li, Y. Cai, S. N. Luo
Summary: The transition from dislocation slip to deformation twinning is observed in large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of single-crystal tantalum under dynamic loading, accompanied by the presence of double plastic zones. This transition is characterized by a temperature rise and rapid stress relaxation. Ultrafast x-ray or electron diffraction measurements can be used to resolve these transient double plastic zones, which can help improve time-dependent deformation models.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nazar Delegan, Samuel J. Whiteley, Tao Zhou, Sam L. Bayliss, Michael Titze, Edward Bielejec, Martin Holt, David D. Awschalom, F. Joseph Heremans
Summary: This paper highlights the advanced tools and techniques from the U.S. Department of Energy's Nanoscale Science Research Centers that address the impact of local crystallographic features on quantum spin defects. It demonstrates the deterministic creation and characterization of neutral divacancy centers in 4H silicon carbide using nano-implantation and nano-diffraction.
Article
Crystallography
Florian Lauraux, Stephane Labat, Sarah Yehya, Marie-Ingrid Richard, Steven J. Leake, Tao Zhou, Jean-Sebastien Micha, Odile Robach, Oleg Kovalenko, Eugen Rabkin, Tobias U. Schulli, Olivier Thomas, Thomas W. Cornelius
Summary: The study demonstrates the simultaneous measurement of two Bragg reflections using Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction on a twinned Au crystal, revealing the sensitivity difference of different parts of the crystal.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yuxiao Li, Jiawei Huang, Duan Fan, Lei Lu, Bingbing Zhang, Tao Zhong, Bo Dai, Siwei Zhang, Ye Tao, Yiyang Zhang, Sen Chen, Sheng-Nian Luo
Summary: In this study, deformation twinning in single-crystal Mg under different tension directions and high strain rates was investigated using in situ, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The findings reveal the mechanism and deformation anisotropy of extension twinning in Mg, which is important for understanding the deformation behavior of Mg.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
H. He, Q. Deng, C. X. Wang, J. Li, K. X. Weng, Y. G. Miao
Summary: A methodology was proposed to achieve large strains under intermediate strain rates, with an experimental system constructed based on it. The system includes a striker bar generating continuous stress wave loading and a long polymethylmethacrylate bar as the transmitted bar, allowing for nearly constant amplitude loading stress wave with infinite duration. The measurement capacity was confirmed through loading a thermoplastic polyurethane with maximum strains up to 12% and 65% under different strain rates.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yuexin Wang, Deli Liang, Xulong Xi, Jizhen Wang, Xiaochuan Liu, Huan He
Summary: Predicting the impact response of full-size structures using scaled models is important but traditional similarity relationships may not hold when the materials differ. A dynamic similarity method is proposed to account for the strain hardening and strain rate effects of different materials. A loss function is developed to quantify the flow yield stress difference between the scaled model and prototype during impact, allowing for determination of the optimal velocity scaling factor. A material selection criterion is proposed to guide the selection of suitable alternative materials for scaled models. Numerical verification shows that the proposed method yields small errors in collision force and displacement, and the material selection criteria accurately predict higher prediction accuracy for scaled models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Shinobu Aoyagi, Yuhei Kondo, Kazuhira Miwa, Hiroaki Takeda, Yusuke Hayakawa, Youichi Kaminaga, Hitoshi Osawa
Summary: Transient and local lattice strains on resonating AT-cut quartz oscillators were measured in situ by scanning time-resolved X-ray diffraction under an alternating electric field. The effects of crystal shape and electrode thickness on their piezoelectric vibration were investigated. The concentration of lattice vibration amplitude and energy at the center of the electrode in a plano-convex type oscillator and the enhancement of lattice strain within the electrode area of a plano-plano type oscillator with increasing electrode thickness were demonstrated without any surface modifications.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jonathan Lind, Matthew D. Nelms, Andrew K. Robinson, Mukul Kumar, Nathan R. Barton
Summary: The article presents a new experimental test based on plate impact, using in situ X-ray imaging to observe material response at high strain rates. The closure of the hole is measured through multiple frames imaging, providing unique data regarding plastic response. Experimental results are compared with predictions from direct numerical simulations, offering information about high-rate hardening behavior.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuan Gao, Xiaojing Huang, Hanfei Yan, Garth J. Williams
Summary: BCDI is a noninvasive microscopy technique that can visualize the morphology and internal lattice deviations of crystals with nanoscale spatial resolution and picometer deformation sensitivity, but it faces challenges in accurately reconstructing electron density of highly strained objects using traditional phase retrieval algorithms. Various algorithms have been developed to overcome this challenge, but most require prior knowledge that may not always be available in practice.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
D. L. Zhong, N. B. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. Y. Zhang, Z. L. Li, H. L. Xie, L. Lu, X. L. Gong, S. N. Luo
Summary: Deformation dynamics in a textured magnesium alloy under uniaxial tension and compression were investigated using X-ray diffraction and digital image correlation. It was found that tension-induced twins have a lower growth rate than compression-induced twins, likely due to slip accommodating partial deformation. Both tension-and compression-induced deformation twins can slow down the process of strain localization.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zetian Yang, Jieqi Hu, David Van der Heggen, Ang Feng, Hairong Hu, Henk Vrielinck, Philippe F. Smet, Dirk Poelman
Summary: Flexible X-ray storage phosphor sheets are considered as promising alternatives to conventional electronic flat-panel X-ray detectors. This article proposes a method that utilizes radiation-induced photoluminescence tuning in phosphors for X-ray imaging and dosimetry. The method demonstrates good memory retention and cycling performance, with potential applications in X-ray therapy and nondestructive inspection.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David M. Jarvis, Matthew J. Coak, Hayrullo Hamidov, Charles R. S. Haines, Giulio I. Lampronti, Cheng Liu, Shiyu Deng, Dominik Daisenberger, David R. Allan, Mark R. Warren, Andrew R. Wildes, Siddharth S. Saxena
Summary: FePS3, a layered magnetic van der Waals compound, exhibits a Mott insulator-metal transition under applied pressure, accompanied by changes in crystal symmetry and magnetic structure. To understand these transitions, it is essential to study the crystal structure as a function of pressure. Through single-crystal and powder x-ray diffraction measurements, we have confirmed that the highest-pressure transition involves a collapse of interplanar spacing and an increase in symmetry from monoclinic to trigonal space group, supporting one model over competing alternatives. Our findings provide crucial insights into the high-pressure behavior of these materials and demonstrate a comprehensive methodology for investigating complex two-dimensional material structures under pressure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin T. Diroll, Alexandra Brumberg, Ariel A. Leonard, Shobhana Panuganti, Nicolas E. Watkins, Shelby A. Cuthriell, Samantha M. Harvey, Eli D. Kinigstein, Jin Yu, Xiaoyi Zhang, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Michael R. Wasielewski, Lin X. Chen, Richard D. Schaller
Summary: In this study, the photothermal response of titanium nitride nanoparticles was investigated using transient X-ray diffraction, revealing dynamic changes in lattice temperature under different excitation intensities. It was found that increasing excitation intensity leads to slower increases in lattice temperature, indicating higher heat capacity at higher powers. Additionally, higher excitation intensity was also found to result in unexpectedly slower cooling of the nanoparticles, attributed to heating of the solvent near the nanoparticle surface.
Article
Optics
Peco Myint, Miaoqi Chu, Ashish Tripathi, Michael J. Wojcik, JIan Zhou, Mathew J. Cherukara, Suresh Narayanan, Jin Wang, Zhang Jiang
Summary: Surface-sensitive reflection-geometry scattering techniques, such as grazing incident small angle X-ray scattering, are commonly used to study nanostructures on substrates and provide statistical structural information. Coherent surface scattering imaging (CSSI) is a powerful yet non-invasive technique that can probe the absolute three-dimensional structural morphology of the sample. However, conventional CDI reconstruction techniques cannot be directly applied to CSSI due to the dynamical scattering phenomenon near the critical angle of total external reflection. To overcome this, a multislice forward model was developed to simulate the dynamical scattering from surface structures and the underlying substrate, enabling the reconstruction of an elongated 3D pattern from a single shot scattering image in CSSI geometry.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Zixin Zhu, Xue Gou, Laiyi Liu, Tian Xia, Jiayi Wang, Yimeng Zhang, Chenjun Huang, Wei Zhi, Ran Wang, Xiaohong Li, Shengnian Luo
Summary: A dynamically evolving antibacterial and repair-promoting nanocomposite (NCs) was designed by in situ self-assembling of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on the surface of barium titanate (BTO) and further loading with a small amount of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The combination of pH-stimulated drug delivery and ultrasound-controlled sonodynamics has the potential to dynamically evolve in infected wound sites, offering a multifunctional therapy.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Ellyson, A. Saville, K. Fezzaa, T. Sun, N. Parab, C. Finfrock, C. J. Rietema, D. Smith, J. Copley, C. Johnson, C. G. Becker, J. Klemm-Toole, C. Kirk, N. Kedir, J. Gao, W. Chen, K. D. Clarke, A. J. Clarke
Summary: Aged TRIP Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy exhibits higher elongations and flow stresses as the strain rate increases, due to tuning of phase stability and microstructural characteristics. However, increasing aging time and/or strain rate reduces the overall propensity for the TRIP effect and extent of transformation. TRIP with omega phase precipitation provides interesting design strategies for engineering applications requiring high strains and energy absorption.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Runbo Jiang, Zhongshu Ren, Joseph Aroh, Amir Mostafaei, Benjamin Gould, Tao Sun, Anthony D. Rollett
Summary: The competition between epitaxial and equiaxed solidification was investigated in CMSX-4 single crystal superalloy during laser melting in additive manufacturing. Single-track laser scans were performed on a powder-free surface of directionally solidified CMSX-4 alloy with various laser power and scanning velocity combinations. The results showed that the as-solidified microstructure was dominated by epitaxial grain growth with the presence of stray grains in elongated melt pools. Higher laser scanning velocity and lower power were found to help reduce the occurrence of stray grains, and a stable keyhole and minimal fluid velocity further mitigated stray grains in laser single tracks.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
B. X. Bie, R. C. Pan, J. Xu, H. W. Chai, S. Chen, G. H. Du, Y. L. Bian, Y. Cai, S. N. Luo
Summary: Plate impact experiments were conducted to investigate the shock compression and spallation properties of PEEK. The study obtained the Hugoniot equation of state and the shock-state Lagrangian sound velocity of PEEK through reverse impact. It was found that the spallation of PEEK exhibited a two-stage behavior and the fracture toughness decreased with increasing impact velocity, likely due to the rearrangement and breakage of molecular chains.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
J. Y. Hua, Q. Liu, Hua Yang, Y. F. Xu, S. Chen, Z. Y. Zhong, N. B. Zhang, Y. Y. Wang, L. Xiao, L. Lu, Y. Cai, S. N. Luo
Summary: Ballistic impact experiments were conducted on a cast Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy using spherical projectiles at various impact velocities. The deformation mechanisms of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr near the crater were found to be dominated by shear bands and twinning, resulting in changes in texture due to compression caused by cavity expansion. A finite element model based on a Johnson-Cook constitutive model and Mie-Gruneisen equation of state was established, and an analytical model based on a dynamic cylindrical cavity expansion model was applied, showing consistent results with experimental and simulated data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
K. Yang, X. Yang, Z. L. Zhang, T. T. Zhu, J. Li, X. S. Xiao, Y. X. Liang, B. Jian, C. Li, S. N. Luo
Summary: The spall damage of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was investigated through plate impact in the build direction (BD) and the transverse direction (TD), focusing on its mechanisms and microstructure effects. Comparative analysis was performed on conventionally hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloys processed with annealing and quenching. Results showed that the spall strength and Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of LPBF-fabricated samples were higher in the TD loading than in the BD loading. The LPBF-fabricated alloy exhibited a lower HEL but similar spall strength compared to conventionally fabricated alloys. The anisotropy in mechanical properties and damage was attributed to columnar prior beta grains, morphological, and crystallographic texture of martensite laths.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
L. X. Li, X. Y. Liu, J. Xu, S. C. Hu, Y. Cai, L. Lu, J. C. Cheng, Y. Tang, C. Li, N. B. Zhang, S. N. Luo
Summary: Plate impact experiments were conducted on a dendritic dual face-center cubic phase high-entropy alloy CoCrFeNiCu, revealing different deformation behaviors and damage modes in Cu-lean and Cu-rich regions under shock compression. The dependence of spall strength on peak shock stress was found to be abnormal due to strain localization and thermal softening in the Cu-rich regions.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
W. Q. Chen, S. Deng, X. J. Zhao, S. N. Luo
Summary: Deformation twinning in a WE43 alloy is studied under uniaxial compression at room temperature. Active {11 2 over bar 1} and {10 1 over bar 2} extension twinning is observed. Twin-twin interactions of the co-zone {11 2 over bar 1} twin variants are studied, including the crystallographic characteristics of the four typically observed twin-twin junctions (TTJs) and the associated twin-twin boundaries. Unlike the quilted-looking TTJs formed by {10 1 over bar 2} twin variants, crossing-like TTJs of {11 2 over bar 1} twin variants are observed and their formation mechanisms are discussed. The morphology and thickening rate of {11 2 over bar 1} and {10 1 over bar 2} twins vary markedly due to the difference in twinning shear. Twin nucleation is observed on the previously formed {11 2 over bar 1} twin boundary due to the large strain concentration, while twin nucleation on {10 1 over bar 2} twin boundary is rarely observed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xinhua Wang, Lin Yang, Tao Sun, Ghulam Rasool, Ming Sun, Naixiang Hu, Zisheng Guo
Summary: Pipeline transportation is widely used and promising in current energy transportation, but regular health monitoring and evaluation are essential due to various damage risks. This article provides an overview of NDT techniques and implementation methods for pipelines with cladding, including recent research results, application status, challenges, and future potential.
Article
Optics
Y. L. Zhao, H. L. Yin, J. C. Shi, S. N. Luo
Summary: Nanosecond time-resolved schlieren imaging was used to study laser-induced breakdown in ni-tromethane, nitroethane and 1-nitropropane, as well as the dynamics of associated shock waves and cavitation bubbles. The increase in shock wave velocity is due to exothermic reactions during decomposition and chemical reactions in the vapor plume behind the shock front. Correlations between oxygen balance and shock wave velocity, bubble radius, lifetime and bubble energy are established. For example, shock wave velocity is proportional to the negative inverse of oxygen balance. Additionally, the bubble energy of nitroethane saturates at high pulse energy.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongzhao Zhou, Wuyun Xiao, Haixia Liu, Tao Sun, Zhiyuan Li, Dongxi Wang
Summary: This paper analyzes the influencing factors of dataset construction on PCA-based n/? discrimination. Four datasets were constructed based on the normalization factor and the start point. After dimensionality reduction, the distributions of the datasets were examined and figure of merits were calculated. Results show that the tail-peak dataset has the best performance and outperforms charge comparison method.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yupeng Song, Tao Sun, Zili Zhang
Summary: The fatigue reliability-based design is essential for the safety of floating offshore wind turbines. However, the limited number of load conditions used in practice introduces uncertainty to fatigue estimation. This study investigates the uncertainty in fatigue reliability of a FOWT and proposes a method to assess this uncertainty quantitatively.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miaoqi Chu, Zhang Jiang, Michael Wojcik, Tao Sun, Michael Sprung, Jin Wang
Summary: By using multibeam scattering, it is possible to visualize three-dimensional structures of surface-supported and buried planar mesoscale structures in a single view. This method allows for high-resolution imaging of nanoelectronics, quantum dots, photovoltaics, and catalysts, and accurately reproduces complex scattering and surface features.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Tao Sun, Dongxuan Li, Bingfei Fan, Tian Tan, Peter B. Shull
Summary: This study investigates the real-time estimation of vGRF and KEM during single- and double-leg drop landings using wearable IMUs and machine learning. A modular LSTM model with four sub-deep neural networks is developed to estimate vGRF and KEM. The model achieves high accuracy in estimating vGRF and KEM during both single- and double-leg drop landings, with the optimal placement of IMUs identified. The proposed model provides a promising approach for real-time assessment of knee forces during various landing tasks.
IEEE JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hailiang Yin, Tao Sun, Tongna Zhou, Xinliang Liu, Yuan Pan, Youhe Wang, Di Liu
Summary: A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method combined with derivatization and GC-MS was developed for simultaneous determination of nine C4-C9 alkylphenols (APs) and bisphenol A (BPA) in water. The HLB cartridge, acetone, and dichloromethane were selected as the extraction medium and elution solvent. The developed method showed good linearity, low limit of detection, and satisfactory recoveries. The concentration distribution of target compounds in different surface water samples was obtained using this method, highlighting the need for monitoring and controlling APs and BPA in Xiaoqing River water.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
