Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Ringleb, M. Kiffer, N. Stallkamp, s Kumar, J. Hofbrucker, B. Reich, B. Arndt, G. Brenner, M. Ruiz-Lopez, S. Duester, M. Vogel, K. Tiedtke, W. Quint, Th Stoehlker, G. G. Paulus
Summary: We have developed the HILITE setup for the production and preparation of highly charged ions in a defined quantum state as a target for high-intensity lasers. The setup has been used for experiments at the FLASH Free-Electron Laser facility in Germany, and we discuss the experimental possibilities and future experiments at other laser facilities.
Article
Optics
Liudmila A. Zhukas, Maverick J. Millican, Peter Svihra, Andrei Nomerotski, Boris B. Blinov
Summary: In this study, direct observation of micromotion for multiple ions in a laser-cooled trapped ion crystal was discussed using a time-resolving, single-photon-sensitive camera. The technique allows for measurement of micromotion amplitude and phase for each ion in the crystal, making it sensitive to tilts and shifts of the ion chain. This micromotion detection method is suitable for complex ion configurations and does not require additional equipment or laser beams.
Article
Optics
A. Kanika, A. Krishnan, J. W. Klimes, B. Reich, K. K. Anjum, P. Baus, G. Birkl, W. Quint, M. Vogel
Summary: We have constructed and operated a cryogenic Penning trap setup that enables efficient production, selection, and long-term storage of highly charged atomic ions. Similar to an electron-beam ion trap, it functions by electron-impact ionization of atoms within a designated confinement region. The electrons are generated by field emission at liquid-helium temperature and subsequently accelerated to the keV energy range. The electron beam undergoes multiple reflections in the trap to enhance ionization efficiency. We present a characterization of the system and measurements with argon and tungsten ions up to Ar16+ and W27+, respectively.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Clemens Matthiesen, Qian Yu, Jinen Guo, Alberto M. Alonso, Hartmut Haffner
Summary: In this study, trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum setup was demonstrated. Cold electrons were introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and were confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds. Some electrons remained trapped longer, showing no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second. Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may offer a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
L. M. Vasilyak, V. Vladimirov, L. Deputatova, V. Ya Pecherkin, R. A. Syrovatka, V. S. Filinov
Summary: The charged filament in a linear electrodynamic trap can capture charged particles, serving as an additional trap within the Paul trap.
JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Nobumasa Miyawaki, Yasuyuki Ishii, Yosuke Yuri, Kazumasa Narumi, Kento Muroo, Kiyokazu Ito, Hiromi Okamoto
Summary: A single-ion implantation system is being developed to produce arrays of nitrogen vacancy centers, which have potential applications in quantum computing. The selective extraction of N2+ ions from a laser-cooled linear-Paul-trap ion source is investigated using a three-dimensional multiparticle simulation. The study shows that a single N2+ ion with the required energy can be extracted without spoiling the emittance by increasing the voltage at the precise moment.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. N. Miao, H. R. Qin, N. C. Xin, J. Z. Han, Y. T. Chen, J. W. Zhang, L. J. Wang
Summary: By sympathetically cooling and crystallizing 113Cd+ ions with laser-cooled 40Ca+ ions, we have observed the complete large bicrystal structure in a linear Paul trap directly. The bicrystal consists of up to 3.5x103 40Ca+ ions and 6.8x103 113Cd+ ions. The temperature of the crystallized 113Cd+ ions was measured to be as low as 41 mK with a large mass ratio, which is twice as low as our previous work. We have further studied various properties and structures of the ultracold sample based on the bicrystal obtained in previous work. Factors affecting the sympathetic cooling effect, such as electrical parameters and the number ratio between laser-cooled ions and sympathetically-cooled ions, were investigated. The results of this paper enrich the experimental research of large two-component ion crystals, and the ultracold sample of 113Cd+ ions enables further improvement in the accuracy of the cadmium-ion microwave frequency standard.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
H. Hirzler, E. Trimby, R. Gerritsma, A. Safavi-Naini, J. Perez-Rios
Summary: We theoretically investigate the trap-assisted formation of complexes in atom-ion collisions and their impact on the stability of the trapped ion. The formation of temporary complexes is facilitated by the time-dependent potential of the Paul trap, leading to significant impact on termolecular reactions and molecular ion formation. The complex formation rate depends on the amplitude of the ion's micromotion and persists even in a time-independent harmonic trap, indicating the essential role of atom-ion complexes in optical traps.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Masato Goto, Kiyokazu Ito, Kunihiro Kojima, Hiromi Okamoto
Summary: Various resonances have been experimentally observed in a linear Paul trap, excited by weak nonlinear fields. High-order resonances are typically weak, unless driven by strong error fields or space-charge potential. Numerical simulations confirm the origin of each resonance line and show that most ions lost due to high-order resonances have relatively large oscillation energies from the beginning.
JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aaditya Pendse, Semih Cetindag, Kun Wang, Donglin Li, Richard J. Castellano, Da-Chi Yang, Tongshuai Wang, Jerry W. Shan, Sangil Kim
Summary: This study presents a nanofluidic platform utilizing BNNTs as a model system to investigate ion transport. The results reveal the significant role of strong electrostatic interactions between highly charged BNNTs and ions in defining the ion transport mechanism. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the superior NaCl separation performance of BNNTs compared to commercial membranes.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Elvin R. Cabrera, Brian H. Clowers
Summary: By casting ion population's mobility information in the frequency domain, time-dispersive ion mobility techniques can now be compatible with slower mass analyzers like ion traps. Recent progress has been made in maximizing the efficiency of Fourier transform ion mobility-mass spectrometry (FT-IM-MS) experiments, but the intersection between practical implementation considerations and theoretical limits of traditional signal processing techniques needs to be further explored. The importance of avoiding signal aliasing due to undersampling signals, along with evaluating limitations imposed by experimental parameters, is crucial for successful Fourier-based multiplexing experiments.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yijun Qian, Dan Liu, Guoliang Yang, Jinqiu Chen, Yuxi Ma, Lifeng Wang, Xungai Wang, Weiwei Lei
Summary: This study developed lamellar graphene oxide membranes (GOMs) with numerous fusiform-like nanochannels pre-filled with negatively charged polyanion electrolytes to enhance the ion permeability and selectivity for energy harvest from salinity gradient. The treated membrane achieved a high output power density under salinity gradient and further improvements were made by feeding different salinity water and monovalent cation electrolytes.
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
L. J. Du, Y. S. Meng, J. Lu, S. H. Zhai, H. Han, J. Xie
Summary: The dynamic coupling between laser-cooled singly charged ions (SCIs) and highly charged ions (HCIs) in mixed-ion chains in linear Paul traps was quantitatively analyzed through molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that the external state of HCIs is more sensitive to environmental perturbations than that of SCIs, and that sympathetic cooling efficiency is mainly determined by axial in-phase coupling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
T. Dubielzig, S. Halama, H. Hahn, G. Zarantonello, M. Niemann, A. Bautista-Salvador, C. Ospelkaus
Summary: The study details the design, commissioning, and operation of an ultra-low-vibration closed-cycle cryogenic ion trap apparatus, showcasing its potential for implementing a small-scale ion-trap quantum processor or simulator. The system demonstrates successful trapping of Be-9(+) ions through its cooling power and vibration isolation system performance analysis.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
K. Blaum, S. Eliseev, S. Sturm
Summary: In Penning traps, electromagnetic forces are utilized to confine charged particles for extended periods, allowing for precise measurements of fundamental constants and interactions. Various methods such as cooling can reduce the energy of trapped particles, enabling high-precision spectroscopy with highly charged ions.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
L. Poirier, A. Bayerle, A. Lassise, F. Torretti, R. Schupp, L. Behnke, Y. Mostafa, W. Ubachs, O. O. Versolato, R. Hoekstra
Summary: In this study, we present the calibration results of a channeltron-based electrostatic analyzer operating in time-of-flight mode, which accurately measures a wide range of charge states and energies. The absolute charge-state-resolved ion energy distributions have been obtained, providing valuable information for state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet nanolithography.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
J. Stierhof, S. Kuehn, M. Winter, P. Micke, R. Steinbruegge, C. Shah, N. Hell, M. Bissinger, M. Hirsch, R. Ballhausen, M. Lang, C. Graefe, S. Wipf, R. Cumbee, G. L. Betancourt-Martinez, S. Park, J. Niskanen, M. Chung, F. S. Porter, T. Stoehlker, T. Pfeifer, G. Brown, S. Bernitt, P. Hansmann, J. Wilms, J. R. Crepso Lopez-Urrutia, M. A. Leutenegger
Summary: Accurate knowledge of transition energies is crucial for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra. In this study, we investigated the K-shell features of Ne, CO2, and SF6 gases by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra and comparing them to ab initio calculations. Our results showed good agreement with previous measurements for CO2, but large discrepancies for Ne and SF6, potentially due to systematic effects. Combining absolute and relative calibration techniques could further improve the accuracy of these measurements.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Randy A. Meijer, Dmitry Kurilovich, Kjeld S. E. Eikema, Oscar O. Versolato, Stefan Witte
Summary: We experimentally investigate the interaction between intense laser pulses and metallic microdroplets and the resulting deformation. Two distinct droplet deformation regimes, governed by incompressible flow or shock waves, have been identified. By scanning pulse durations, we study the transition between these regimes and find the key parameter determining the type of deformation to be the ratio of pulse duration to the acoustic timescale of the droplet. We also examine the influence of fast rise times on the results.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Optics
O. O. Versolato, J. Sheil, S. Witte, W. Ubachs, R. Hoekstra
Summary: In this article, recent findings from the Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL) on using 1 and 2 μm wavelength solid-state lasers for tin target preparation and for driving hot and dense plasma are presented.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
G. Barontini, L. Blackburn, V. Boyer, F. Butuc-Mayer, X. Calmet, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, E. A. Curtis, B. Darquie, J. Dunningham, N. J. Fitch, E. M. Forgan, K. Georgiou, P. Gill, R. M. Godun, J. Goldwin, V. Guarrera, A. C. Harwood, I. R. Hill, R. J. Hendricks, M. Jeong, M. Y. H. Johnson, M. Keller, L. P. Kozhiparambil Sajith, F. Kuipers, H. S. Margolis, C. Mayo, P. Newman, A. O. Parsons, L. Prokhorov, B. I. Robertson, J. Rodewald, M. S. Safronova, B. E. Sauer, M. Schioppo, N. Sherrill, Y. V. Stadnik, K. Szymaniec, M. R. Tarbutt, R. C. Thompson, A. Tofful, J. Tunesi, A. Vecchio, Y. Wang, S. Worm
Summary: This article discusses how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to detect variations in fundamental constants, with a focus on the QSNET project. The authors describe the goals and expected performance of QSNET, and highlight its potential to discover new physics and shed light on the nature of dark matter and dark energy.
EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. A. Meijer, D. Kurilovich, B. Liu, Z. Mazzotta, J. Hernandez-Rueda, O. O. Versolato, S. Witte
Summary: The study investigates the ablation threshold of liquid tin and finds an inverse-square dependence of the plasma-onset time on laser intensity. The findings are important for target preparation and metrology in extreme ultraviolet sources.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Optics
L. Poirier, A. Lassise, Y. Mostafa, L. Behnke, N. Braaksma, L. Assink, R. Hoekstra, O. O. Versolato
Summary: This paper presents a method to obtain the charge-state-dependent kinetic-energy distributions of tin ions from a laser-produced plasma. The method utilizes the overlapping energy distributions measured by a retarding field energy analyzer and mathematically extracts charge state specific parameters from ion signals. Experimental results support the effectiveness of the method. The study is important for understanding the characteristics of tin ions in extreme ultraviolet nanolithography.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven A. King, Lukas J. Spiess, Peter Micke, Alexander Wilzewski, Tobias Leopold, Erik Benkler, Richard Lange, Nils Huntemann, Andrey Surzhykov, Vladimir A. Yerokhin, Jose R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Piet O. Schmidt
Summary: This study demonstrates the realization of a new type of optical atomic clock using highly charged ions as references. The uncertainties for the absolute transition frequency and isotope shift have been significantly improved compared to other clocks. These findings have important implications for improved theoretical calculations and future research in physics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shanshan Ding, Michael Drewsen, Jan J. Arlt, G. M. Bruun
Summary: We investigate the interaction between two trapped ions mediated by a quantum degenerate Bose or Fermi gas. Through perturbation theory and diagrammatic theory, we analytically demonstrate the behavior of the mediated interaction under different conditions and highlight its significant impact on the ion-ion interaction and ion phonon frequencies.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rene Steinbruegge, Steffen Kuehn, Fabrizio Nicastro, Ming Feng Gu, Moto Togawa, Moritz Hoesch, Joern Seltmann, Ilya Sergeev, Florian Trinter, Sonja Bernitt, Chintan Shah, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Jose R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia
Summary: Metastable states of ions can be populated in astrophysical media for plasma-density diagnostics. Beryllium-like and carbon-like ions of neon and iron were experimentally investigated for their detectable features in soft X-ray absorption spectra.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Steffen Kuhn, Charles Cheung, Natalia S. Oreshkina, Rene Steinbruegge, Moto Togawa, Sonja Bernitt, Lukas Berger, Jens Buck, Moritz Hoesch, Joern Seltmann, Florian Trinter, Christoph H. Keitel, Mikhail G. Kozlov, Sergey G. Porsev, Ming Feng Gu, F. Scott Porter, Thomas Pfeifer, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Zoltan Harman, Marianna S. Safronova, Jose R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Chintan Shah
Summary: This study reveals the intensity ratio issue of Fe XVII transitions in x-ray astronomy and resolves the previous mystery by increasing the resolving power and signal-to-noise ratio.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
J-H Oelmann, T. Heldt, L. Guth, J. Nauta, N. Lackmann, V Wossner, S. Kokh, T. Pfeifer, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia
Summary: In this study, a compact velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer for photoelectron imaging at 100 MHz repetition rate is proposed and demonstrated. By tomographically studying multi-photon ionization (MPI) of gas-phase atoms, the functioning of the VMI spectrometer is illustrated and the photoelectron angular momentum distribution of xenon is reconstructed.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
V. J. Martinez-Lahuerta, S. Eilers, T. E. Mehlstaeubler, P. O. Schmidt, K. Hammerer
Summary: This study derives a Hamiltonian to describe the dynamics of a bound, charged two-particle system in external electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The Hamiltonian is applied to investigate the relativistic coupling of cold ions in Paul traps, considering effects such as micromotion, excess micromotion, and trap imperfections. This provides a comprehensive and quantum-mechanical treatment for studying relativistic frequency shifts in atomic clocks based on single trapped ions.
Article
Optics
S. Rai, K. Bijlsma, I Rabadan, L. Mendez, P. A. J. Wolff, M. Salverda, O. O. Versolato, R. Hoekstra
Summary: Absolute cross sections for single electron capture by Sn3+ colliding with H-2 and D-2 have been measured and calculated. The experimental results for H-2 show a discrepancy with the calculations, which is attributed to the vibrational effects that were not included in the calculations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Javier Hernandez-Rueda, Bo Liu, Diko J. Hemminga, Yahia Mostafa, Randy A. Meijer, Dmitry Kurilovich, Mikhail Basko, Hanneke Gelderblom, John Sheil, Oscar O. Versolato
Summary: In this study, the early-time hydrodynamic response of tin microdroplets driven by a ns-laser-induced plasma was investigated experimentally and numerically. The width of the pressure impulse was found to be the key parameter influencing the kinetic energy partition, which can be used to optimize the features of tin targets for nanolithography.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
