Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mahsa Etminan, Farzin M. Aghamir
Summary: The study focused on the energy and flux of ion beams in a Mather type (5 kJ) plasma focus device. Argon gas was used as the chamber gas, and the energy spectra and flux of ions from argon gas and different target ions were analyzed. The results showed different anisotropies for argon gas and target ions in terms of energy spectra obtained from Faraday cups.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
P. Vinchon, S. Asadollahi, C. Cote, S. Marcet, S. Atallah, E. Dessureault, M. Chicoine, A. Sarkissian, R. Leonelli, S. Roorda, F. Schiettekatte, L. Stafford
Summary: During plasma processing of thin films and nanomaterials, various active species can interact with the sample simultaneously, such as reactive neutrals, positive ions, electrons, excited states, and photons. To monitor plasma-surface interactions, a new system with beams of neutral atoms, positive ions, UV photons, and a magnetron plasma source has been developed, equipped with in-plasma surface characterization tools like Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometer, Elastic Recoil Detector, and Raman spectroscopy system. This system provides time-resolved information on plasma-induced modification and can monitor atomic concentrations and Raman peak evolution during plasma deposition or etching.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
U. Fantz, S. Briefi, A. Heiler, C. Wimmer, D. Wuenderlich
Summary: This article discusses the neutral beam injection systems for ITER, focusing on the operational aspects and current challenges. The need for improved RF power transmission efficiency and the significant impact of drift on co-extracted electrons and beam properties are highlighted. Understanding and improving the optical properties of large beamlets is a crucial task for future developments in this field.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Da-Jie Yang, Song-Jin Im, Yang Li, Chol-Song Ri, Kum-Song Ho, Ji-Song Pae, Qu-Quan Wang
Summary: This study provides insights into the complex plasmon behaviors with the physical dimension of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and proves that plasmonic nanostructures can function as efficient antennas to control the power of OAM beams. These findings expand our knowledge of nanoplasmonics in the OAM area and have promising applications in quantum information processing and dynamic sensing of ultraweak biosignals.
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Juan I. Del Valle, Franklin R. Chang Diaz, Victor H. Granados
Summary: This article discusses the physics and practical applications of helicon plasma sources, emphasizing the importance of understanding ion density distribution, induced surface potentials, and low-energy sputtering reactions for proper modeling and predicting performance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Saverio Braccini, Tommaso Stefano Carzaniga, Pierluigi Casolaro, Gaia Dellepiane, Laura Franconi, Isidre Mateu, Paola Scampoli, Matthias Schmid
Summary: A two-dimensional beam monitoring detector named pi(2) was developed and tested at the Bern University Hospital using an 18 MeV proton beam. The detector utilizes a scintillating compound coated onto a thin aluminium foil to capture the scintillating light produced when the beam passes through. The device has shown consistent performance and potential applications in cancer particle therapy, medical radioisotope production, and radiation hardness studies.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanran Liu, Yuanyuan Qu, Yue Liu, Hang Yin, Jinglun Liu, Yang Tan, Feng Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates the construction of lateral diodes on graphene-based heterostructures using focused ion-beam writing, achieving rectification and current regulating functions. The introduction of Se-defects endows the heterostructure with unique electronic properties, enabling the construction of diodes with comparable performance. Additionally, AND and OR logic gates were directly inscribed on the heterostructure to showcase practical applications in digital logic electronics.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Igor Nedzelskiy, Artur Malaquias, Rafael Henriques, Ridhima Sharma
Summary: This paper investigates the measurement of plasma potential using an electrostatic energy analyzer in Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic. The conventional method assumes uniform secondary beam current, but in reality, the secondary beam presents non-uniform profiles. The study presents experimental data and the implementation of multiple detectors to address this issue.
Article
Optics
Jiaxin Li, Xueyu Chen, Ziang Lin, Zhiqiang Xie, Yanliang He, Ying Li, Dianyuan Fan, Shuqing Chen
Summary: A polarization-independent and broadband hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) generation method is proposed and demonstrated using cascaded dielectric metasurface q-plates. This method is applicable to visible light and beneficial for fundamental research on HGBs.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Wilson, M. King, N. M. H. Butler, D. C. Carroll, T. P. Frazer, M. J. Duff, A. Higginson, R. J. Dance, J. Jarrett, Z. E. Davidson, C. D. Armstrong, H. Liu, S. J. Hawkes, R. J. Clarke, D. Neely, R. J. Gray, P. McKenna
Summary: This study investigates the impact of spatial-intensity distribution on the interaction between high power laser pulses and solid targets, finding that the spatial-intensity contrast parameter strongly influences the laser energy coupling to fast electrons. It suggests that for multi-petawatt pulses, spatial-intensity contrast may be as important as temporal-intensity contrast.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lior Medina, Rivka Gilat, B. Robert Ilic, Slava Krylov
Summary: This study discusses the use of Joule heating to apply prestress to curved micromechanical beams in order to eliminate symmetry breaking and ensure bidirectional dynamic switching. Experimental results show that prestress plays a key role in the dynamic response of the beam, allowing for a more compact device. The research provides guidance for the design of devices in this field.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jupeng Ding, Chih-Lin I, Jintao Wang, Hui Yang
Summary: This article proposes a dynamic coverage scheme based on non-Lambertian optical beam switching to enhance the mobility of visible light communication. By utilizing azimuth selectivity in configuring VLC links with non-Lambertian beams, higher signal-to-noise ratio gains can be achieved compared to conventional schemes.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Shengpeng Yang, Changjian Tang, Shaomeng Wang, Zhanliang Wang, Ping Zhang, Yang Yang, Zhigang Lu, Yubin Gong
Summary: A new scheme is proposed to generate high power terahertz radiation using two obliquely colliding electron beams in plasma, showing advantages of a simple structure and no need for extreme parameter conditions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Benjamin Jorns, Trevor Lafleur
Summary: An overview of low temperature , partially magnetized ion sources is presented in this paper. The pedagogical approach targets an audience without expertise in low temperature devices and provides a tutorial on the basic physics of operation of common ion sources including plasma generation and acceleration methods. The applications in plasma propulsion and materials processing are highlighted. The paper also discusses the current state, challenges, and future prospects of this class of ion sources.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
P. Balazs, O. Asztalos, G. Anda, M. Vecsei, S. Zoletnik, S. T. A. Kumar, G. I. Pokol
Summary: Beam emission spectroscopy (BES) is a powerful plasma diagnostic method for measuring plasma density and its fluctuations. This paper utilizes synthetic BES codes to analyze a hypothetical alkali BES system on the HSX stellarator, and explores the unusual tendencies of BES in low ion temperature and low plasma density conditions.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Optics
Lazaros Varvarezos, Hu Lu, John T. Costello, Andrzej Bartnik, Przemyslaw Wachulak, Tomasz Fok, Lukasz Wegrzynski, Henryk Fiedorowicz
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Optics
Lazaros Varvarezos, Hu Lu, John T. Costello, Andrzej Bartnik, Przemyslaw Wachulak, Tomasz Fok, Lukasz Wegrzynski, Henryk Fiedorowicz
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. C. Haynes, M. Wurzer, A. Schletter, A. Al-Haddad, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, H. Bromberger, M. Bucher, A. Camper, S. Carron, R. Coffee, J. T. Costello, L. F. DiMauro, Y. Ding, K. Ferguson, I. Grguras, W. Helml, M. C. Hoffmann, M. Ilchen, S. Jalas, N. M. Kabachnik, A. K. Kazansky, R. Kienberger, A. R. Maier, T. Maxwell, T. Mazza, M. Meyer, H. Park, J. Robinson, C. Roedig, H. Schlarb, R. Singla, F. Tellkamp, P. A. Walker, K. Zhang, G. Doumy, C. Behrens, A. L. Cavalieri
Summary: By developing a self-referenced attosecond streaking technique, researchers successfully measured the delay between photoemission and Auger emission in atomic neon excited by an XFEL, revealing an Auger decay lifetime of 2.2 femtoseconds for the KLL decay channel.
Letter
Optics
Hu Lu, Lazaros Varvarezos, Muhammad Bilal Alli, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, John T. Costello, Patrick Hayden
Summary: This reply addresses comments made by A N Ryabtsev on the paper, emphasizing the dependence of observed spectra on plasma source and highlighting the evidence of photoabsorption from low-lying excited states in the spectra.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lazaros Varvarezos, John T. Costello, Conor Long, Alexander J. Achner, Rene Wagner, Michael Meyer, Patrik Grychtol
Summary: The study reveals that as the laser intensity increases, the importance of the Coulomb explosion mechanism becomes more significant, along with the contribution of the rescattering process and the concomitant dissociation pathways.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Syedah Sadaf Zehra, Lazaros Varvarezos, Paddy Hayden, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Paola Zupella, Muhammad B. Alli, John Costello
Summary: Steel is important in industries such as construction, automotive, and shipbuilding. Accurate determination of carbon content in steel is an active research field, and this study suggests that using a line plasma can significantly improve the limit of detection for carbon in steel.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hu Lu, Lazaros Varvarezos, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Alberto Andrighetto, Daniele Scarpa, Emilio Mariotti, John T. Costello
Summary: This article reports on the first measurement of resonant three-step, two-colour ionization of atomic molybdenum using a hollow cathode lamp and optogalvanic detection. Wavelength scans were performed for specific transitions and successful observation of optogalvanic signals was achieved, confirming the effectiveness of the hollow cathode lamp as a spectroscopic investigation tool.
Article
Spectroscopy
B. Delaney, P. Hayden, T. J. Kelly, E. T. Kennedy, J. T. Costello
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible improvement of the limit of detection in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using a stagnation layer formed at the center of an annular plasma. Results showed that the stagnation layer produced by the annular plasma can enhance the spectroscopic signal and improve the limit of detection, with the least target damage, at lower power densities.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physics, Multidisciplinary
John Costello, Pranawa Deshmukh, Thomas Gorczyca, Anatoli Kheifets, Alfred Msezane, Kiyoshi Ueda
Article
Chemistry, Physical
L. Varvarezos, J. Delgado-Guerrero, M. Di Fraia, T. J. Kelly, A. Palacios, C. Callegari, A. L. Cavalieri, R. Coffee, M. Danailov, P. Decleva, A. Demidovich, L. DiMauro, S. Dusterer, L. Giannessi, W. Helml, M. Ilchen, R. Kienberger, T. Mazza, M. Meyer, R. Moshammer, C. Pedersini, O. Plekan, K. C. Prince, A. Simoncig, A. Schletter, K. Ueda, M. Wurzer, M. Zangrando, F. Martin, J. T. Costello
Summary: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an open-loop control scheme of molecular fragmentation based on transient molecular alignment and single-photon ionization on the acetylene cation, showing that the molecular orientation relative to the laser polarization can control the selection of molecular fragmentation channels.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Optics
J. -P. Mosnier, E. T. Kennedy, D. Cubaynes, J. -M. Bizau, S. Guilbaud, M. F. Hasoglu, C. Blancard, T. W. Gorczyca
Summary: We report measurements of the absolute photoionization cross sections of magnesiumlike S4+ over the 158-280 eV photon energy range. The experiments were performed using a multianalysis ion apparatus and observed ion yields from different levels of S4+. Theoretical calculations were conducted and compared with experimental data, revealing some differences and energy shifts.
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Jean-Paul Mosnier, Eugene T. Kennedy, Jean-Marc Bizau, Denis Cubaynes, Segolene Guilbaud, Christophe Blancard, Brendan M. McLaughlin
Summary: High-resolution K-shell photoionization cross-sections for the C-like atomic nitrogen ion (N+) were reported in a specific energy range, revealing the presence of various resonance structures. Comparison between experimental and theoretical work identified new resonance features.
Article
Optics
Lazaros Varvarezos, Stefan Duesterer, Maksim D. Kiselev, Rebecca Boll, Cedric Bomme, Alberto De Fanis, Benjamin Erk, Christopher Passow, Sergei M. Burkov, Gregor Hartmann, Markus Ilchen, Per Johnsson, Thomas J. Kelly, Bastian Manschwetus, Tommaso Mazza, Michael Meyer, Dimitrios Rompotis, Oleg Zatsarinny, Elena Gryzlova, Alexei N. Grum-Grzhimailo, John T. Costello
Summary: This study investigates angle-resolved measurements of photoelectrons emitted during near-threshold two-photon double ionization of Kr irradiated by free-electron laser pulses. It demonstrates the strong influence of autoionizing resonances within the bandwidth of the exciting FEL pulse on the photoelectron angular distributions. Additionally, the larger spin-orbit interaction in the 4p-subshell hole states of Kr allows for the resolution and study of fine-structure components associated with Kr+ and Kr2+ ions.
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Hu Lu, Lazaros Varvarezos, Patrick Hayden, Eugene T. Kennedy, Jean-Paul Mosnier, John T. Costello
Proceedings Paper
Optics
B. M. McLaughlin, J. P. Mosniert, E. T. Kennedy, E. Sokell, J. M. Bizau, D. Cubaynes, S. Guilbaud, S. Carniato
31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC XXXI)
(2020)