Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
H. Simon Schaaf, Adrie Bekker, Helena Rabie
Summary: The diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in young infants is challenging, but it is crucial to assess and manage infants in contact with mothers with tuberculosis to prevent disease progression. Further research is needed for the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis during pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yu Mu, Weiwei Zhou, Xiaolong Zhang, Fang Zhang, Yang Liu
Summary: A case of perinatal tuberculosis with pneumonia was reported. The infant recovered after bronchoalveolar lavage fluid testing and medication treatment. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of perinatal tuberculosis, and can be promoted as an important approach to managing perinatal tuberculosis.
JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hu Lin, Shuang Teng, Zhong Wang, Qi-Yu Liu
Summary: We report a case of a patient who simultaneously suffered from the rare diseases of congenital tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, and situs inversus totalis. Congenital TB is easily misdiagnosed and has a high case fatality rate, requiring timely anti-TB treatment.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sylvain Diamantis, Benoit de Wazieres, Sebastien Gallien
Summary: Tuberculosis is most common in the elderly, with nonspecific symptoms and diagnostic challenges. Elderly patients may have poorer tolerance to TB drugs, lower treatment completion rates, and higher risk of treatment failure.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yeonseong Jeong, Sung Pil Choo, Jisun Yun, Eui Hyeok Kim
Summary: The study found that mothers above 35 years old (AMA) have a significantly higher rate of emergent cesarean delivery after induction of labor (IOL), and also a higher rate of instrumental deliveries. However, overall there is no evidence that IOL in AMA women increases adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes compared to women under 35, except for a higher prevalence of CD and instrumental deliveries.
Article
Immunology
Sara Guillen Martin, Ignacio Callejas Caballero, Arancha Berzosa Sanchez, Marta Illan Ramos, Beatriz Soto Sanchez, Jose Tomas Ramos Amador
Summary: Pneumatoceles, rare complications of pulmonary tuberculosis in children, can be managed conservatively but may require surgical intervention in severe cases.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sylvia M. LaCourse, Barbra A. Richardson, John Kinuthia, A. J. Warr, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Daniel Matemo, Lisa M. Cranmer, Jerphason Mecha, Jaclyn N. Escudero, Thomas R. Hawn, Grace John-Stewart
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether isoniazid (INH) can prevent primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. The results showed no significant difference in tuberculosis infection rate between the group receiving INH treatment and the group not receiving INH treatment among HEU infants. Therefore, more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of TB preventive therapy in preventing primary Mtb infection in HEU and other high-risk infants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Joel Frohlich, Tim Bayne, Julia S. Crone, Alessandra DallaVecchia, Asger Kirkeby-Hinrup, Pedro A. M. Mediano, Julia Moser, Karolina Talar, Alireza Gharabaghi, Hubert Preissl
Summary: When consciousness begins in human development is still unclear, but new techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) can provide insights. The establishment of thalamocortical connectivity at 26 weeks gestation is likely the earliest point where subjective experience might emerge. To estimate the brain's state of consciousness during the perinatal period, a sensory perturbational complexity index (sPCI) based on auditory, visual, and olfactory cortical perturbations is proposed.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne Sved Williams, Rebecca Hill
Summary: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is common in clinical perinatal mental health settings, but there is a lack of systematic identification programs. Previous studies have shown compromised birth outcomes for women with BPD, with a wide range of problem outcomes for their offspring from infancy to adulthood, including the transmission of mental health problems from mother to child. A literature review highlights the varying prevalence rates in different settings and the limited research on the management of perinatal BPD, especially focused on mother-infant relationships. A case study demonstrates the potential benefits of inpatient mother-baby unit protocols and long-term group therapy. There are knowledge gaps for further clinical research on perinatal BPD, including systematic identification and intensive programs that may improve birth outcomes, emotional regulation skills for mothers, and mother-infant relationships and offspring development.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hyo Kyozuka, Tsuyoshi Murata, Shun Yasuda, Kayoko Ishii, Keiya Fujimori, Aya Goto, Seiji Yasumura, Misao Ota, Kenichi Hata, Kohta Suzuki, Akihito Nakai, Tetsuya Ohira, Hitoshi Ohto, Kenji Kamiya
Summary: Limited studies have been done on the long-term effects of natural/environmental disasters, especially nuclear disasters, on obstetric outcomes. This study aimed to review the immediate and long-term perinatal outcomes after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The results showed that although there were some pregnancy complications, the direct effects on newborns were not immediately clear, and there were no significant changes in perinatal outcomes over the years.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shirish Dadarao Narnaware, Basanti Jyotsana, Rakesh Ranjan, Ved Prakash, Shyam Sundar Choudhary, Artabandhu Sahoo
Summary: This study reports the first case of congenital tuberculosis in a dromedary camel fetus, possibly transmitted vertically, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multiple lesions were found in the fetal lung, pleura, and liver with characteristic granulomatous pathology. The DNA analysis confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lesions.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Mikael Norman, David Nilsson, Johan Trygg, Stellan Hakansson
Summary: This study assessed the strength of associations between perinatal risk factors and mortality in very preterm infants. The results showed that Apgar scores, gestational age, and birthweight were more strongly associated with mortality than other available perinatal risk factors at birth.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Goretti Lopez-Ramos, Joan Vinent, Rob Aarnoutse, Angela Colbers, Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz, Loreto Martorell, Lola Falcon-Neyra, Olaf Neth, Luis Prieto, Sara Guillen, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Ana Mendez-Echevarria, David Gomez-Pastrana, Ana Belen Jimenez, Rebeca Lahoz, Jose Tomas Ramos-Amador, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Begona Santiago, Rosa Farre, Claudia Fortuny, Dolors Soy, Antoni Noguera-Julian
Summary: In 2010, the WHO recommended increasing the daily doses of first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines in children. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a once-daily dose of isoniazid (INH) in infants under 6 months of age. The study found that the target adult levels were not reached in a few cases, but overall, the treatment was well tolerated and no major safety concerns were raised.
Review
Immunology
Victor Bonavida, Mitchell Frame, Kevin H. Nguyen, Shlok Rajurkar, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Summary: Several reports suggest that ageing negatively affects the human immune system and increases susceptibility to infections like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This article explores how ageing decreases T-cell immune response, reduces glutathione production, over activates the mTORC1 pathway, inhibits autophagy and mitophagy, and alters protective genes/transcription factors. It also highlights a potential defect in antigen presenting by dendritic cells and the role of inflammaging in increasing susceptibility to M. tb infection. Possible preventative strategies, such as immunomodulators and antioxidant supplementation, are proposed.
Article
Immunology
Hongyu Huang, Chenyu Xu, Lanhua Liu, Liping Chen, Xiaoqin Zhu, Jie Chen, Jing Feng, Tingmei Chen, Biao Xu, Jishi Yang, Biyun Xu, Mingjie Pan, Yimin Dai, Yali Hu, Yi-Hua Zhou
Summary: Administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine within one hour after birth can provide better protection against mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kendra K. Radtke, Anneke C. Hesseling, J. L. Winckler, Heather R. Draper, Belen P. Solans, Stephanie Thee, Lubbe Wiesner, Louvina E. van der Laan, Barend Fourie, James Nielsen, H. Simon Schaaf, Radojka M. Savic, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
Summary: Limited data on the pharmacokinetics and safety of moxifloxacin in children, especially in those with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis, were evaluated in this study. The results suggest that higher doses of moxifloxacin are needed to achieve adult exposures in young children, and further safety assessment is required, particularly when coadministered with other QT-prolonging agents.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Megan Palmer, Kenneth S. Gunasekera, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Julie Morrison, H. Simon Schaaf, Pierre Goussard, Anneke C. Hesseling, Elisabetta Walters, James A. Seddon
Summary: This article identifies key chest radiograph features that strongly support the diagnosis of confirmed intrathoracic tuberculosis in children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
E. Lopez-Varela, A. J. Garcia-Prats, J. A. Seddon, H. R. Draper, J. Winckler, L. van der Laan, M. Palmer, W. A. Burger, H. S. Schaaf, A. C. Hesseling
Summary: This study observed the outcomes and safety of rifampicin-resistant TB treatment in children. The results showed that the treatment outcomes were excellent in this cohort, with few severe adverse events related to treatment, except for hearing loss.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nazir Ahmed Ismail, Shaheed Vally Omar, Harry Moultrie, Zaheda Bhyat, Francesca Conradie, M. Enwerem, Hannetjie Ferreira, Jennifer Hughes, Lavania Joseph, Yulene Kock, Vancy Letsaolo, Gary Maartens, Graeme Meintjes, Dumisani Ngcamu, Nana Okozi, Xavier Padanilam, Anja Reuter, Rodolf Romero, Simon Schaaf, Julian te Riele, Ebrahim Variava, Minty Van der Meulen, Farzana Ismail, Norbert Ndjeka
Summary: Analysis of data from South Africa showed a high prevalence of bedaquiline resistance, mainly associated with previous exposure to bedaquiline or clofazimine, rifampicin-resistant or MDR tuberculosis. Development of resistance led to poorer treatment outcomes.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Karen du Preez, Betina Mendez Alcantara Gabardo, Sushil K. Kabra, Rina Triasih, Trisasi Lestari, Margaret Kal, Bazarragchaa Tsogt, Gantsetseg Dorj, Enkhtsetseg Purev, Thu Anh Nguyen, Lenny Naidoo, Lindiwe Mvusi, Hendrik Simon Schaaf, Anneke C. Hesseling, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira Rossoni, Anna Cristina Calcada Carvalho, Claudete Aparecida Araujo Cardoso, Clemax Couto Sant'Anna, Danielle Gomes Dell Orti, Fernanda Dockhorn Costa, Liliana Romero Vega, Maria de Fatima Pombo SantAnna, Nguyen Binh Hoa, Phan Huu Phuc, Attannon Arnauld Fiogbe, Dissou Affolabi, Gisele Badoum, Abdoul Risgou Ouedraogo, Tandaogo Saouadogo, Adjima Combary, Albert Kuate Kuate, Bisso Ngono Annie Prudence, Aboubakar Sidiki Magassouba, Adama Marie Bangoura, Alphazazi Soumana, Georges Hermana, Herve Gando, Nafissatou Fall, Barnabe Gning, Mohammed Fall Dogo, Olivia Mbitikon, Manon Deffense, Kevin Zimba, Chishala Chabala, Moorine Penninah Sekadde, Henry Luzze, Stavia Turyahabwe, John Paul Dongo, Constantino Lopes, Milena dos Santos, Joshua Reginald Francis, Magnolia Arango-Loboguerrero, Carlos M. Perez-Velez, Kobto Ghislain Koura, Stephen M. Graham
Summary: Significant progress has been made in child and adolescent tuberculosis care over the past 15 years, despite numerous challenges. However, there is still a need for improved detection, treatment, and prevention services for children and adolescents with TB globally. Strengthening health systems and integrating TB programs with child health services are crucial to addressing the challenges.
Review
Microbiology
Pauline Howell, Jay Achar, G. Khai Lin Huang, Andrei Mariandyshev, H. Simon Schaaf, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
Summary: Children affected by rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) are often neglected and require shorter, safer, and more effective treatment regimens. Additionally, preventing disease progression is crucial in tuberculosis control.
Article
Immunology
Eleanor S. Click, Rinn Song, Jonathan P. Smith, Walter Mchembere, Mark Fajans, Parisa Hariri, Elisha Okeyo, Kimberly D. McCarthy, Dickson Gethi, Lazarus Odeny, Susan Musau, Albert Okumu, James Orwa, Carlos M. Perez-Velez, Colleen A. Wright, Mariaem Andres, Ben J. Marais, H. Simon Schaaf, Stephen M. Graham, Andrea T. Cruz, Kevin P. Cain
Summary: This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate bacteriologic and clinical diagnostic approaches in children with tuberculosis. The results showed that despite extensive testing, almost two-thirds of children with intrathoracic TB did not have bacteriologic confirmation, indicating the need for improved diagnostic tests.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Fajri Gafar, Roeland E. Wasmann, Helen M. McIlleron, Rob E. Aarnoutse, H. Simon Schaaf, Ben J. Marais, Dipti Agarwal, Sampson Antwi, Nguyen D. Bang, Adrie Bekker, David J. Bell, Chishala Chabala, Louise Choo, Geraint R. Davies, Jeremy N. Day, Rajeshwar Dayal, Paolo Denti, Peter R. Donald, Ephrem Engidawork, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats, Diana Gibb, Stephen M. Graham, Anneke C. Hesseling, Scott K. Heysell, Misgana I. Idris, Sushil K. Kabra, Aarti Kinikar, Agibothu K. Hemanth Kumar, Awewura Kwara, Rakesh Lodha, Cecile Magis-Escurra, Nilza Martinez, Binu S. Mathew, Vidya Mave, Estomih Mduma, Rachel Mlotha-Mitole, Stellah G. Mpagama, Aparna Mukherjee, Heda M. Nataprawira, Charles A. Peloquin, Thomas Pouplin, Geetha Ramachandran, Jaya Ranjalkar, Vandana Roy, Rovina Ruslami, Ira Shah, Yatish Singh, Marieke G. G. Sturkenboom, Elin M. Svensson, Soumya Swaminathan, Urmila Thatte, Stephanie Thee, Tania A. Thomas, Tjokosela Tikiso, Daan J. Touw, Anna Turkova, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Lilly M. Verhagen, Jana L. Winckler, Hongmei Yang, Vycke Yunivita, Katja Taxis, Jasper Stevens, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar
Summary: This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-TB drugs in children and adolescents globally. The results show that younger age and HIV-positive status are associated with lower AUC(0-24) for all first-line anti-TB drugs, while severe malnutrition is associated with lower AUC(0-24) for isoniazid and pyrazinamide. The determinants of Cmax are generally similar to those of AUC(0-24).
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joanie Duvenhage, Heather R. Draper, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats, Jana Winckler, Anneke C. Hesseling, H. Simon Schaaf
Summary: Hepatocellular injury is common in children undergoing RR/MDR-TB treatment, usually mild in nature; early elevation of ALT and HIV-positive status may be potential risk factors. Hepatitis A is a common etiology for severe ALT AE in children treated for RR/MDR-TB.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Sayalee Patankar, Andrea T. Cruz, Bianca Douglas-Jones, Anthony Garcia-Prats, Alexander Kay, Anja Reuter, H. Simon Schaaf, James A. Seddon, Sangeeta Sharma, Jeffrey Starke, Marcela Tommasi, Rina Triasih, Jennifer J. Furin
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Carla Mckenzie, H. Simon Schaaf, Rolanda Croucamp, Megan Palmer, Corne Bosch, Pierre Goussard, Helena Rabie, Andrew Whitelaw, Anneke C. Hesseling, Margaret van Niekerk, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Elisabetta Ghimenton-Walters
Summary: This study aimed to explore the burden of and risk factors for recurrent TB treatment in children. The results showed that younger children and children living with HIV are more likely to experience recurrent tuberculosis.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Louvina E. van der Laan, Anneke C. Hesseling, H. Simon Schaaf, Megan Palmer, Heather R. Draper, Lubbe Wiesner, Paolo Denti, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
Summary: Recent data showed higher exposures with 100 mg dispersible levofloxacin compared with non-dispersible tablet formulations, potentially having important dosing implications in children.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
O. W. Akkerman, R. Duarte, S. Tiberi, H. S. Schaaf, C. Lange, J. W. C. Alffenaar, J. Denholm, A. C. C. Carvalho, M. S. Bolhuis, S. Borisov, J. Bruchfeld, A. M. Cabibbe, J. A. Caminero, I Carvalho, J. Chakaya, R. Centis, M. P. Dalcomo, L. D. Ambrosio, M. Dedicoat, K. Dheda, K. E. Dooley, J. Furin, J-M Garcia-Garcia, N. A. H. van Hest, B. C. de Jong, X. Kurhasani, A. G. Martson, S. Mpagama, M. Munoz Torrico, E. Nunes, C. W. M. Ong, D. J. Palmero, R. Ruslami, A. M. Saktiawati, C. Semuto, D. R. Silva, R. Singla, I Solovic, S. Srivastava, J. E. M. de Steenwinkel, A. Story, M. G. G. Sturkenboom, M. Tadolini, Z. F. Udwadia, A. R. Verhage, J. P. Zellweger, G. B. Migliori
Summary: This article presents clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (PTB). These consensus-based standards provide guidance for clinicians and program managers to improve patient care and focus on future research priorities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Theresa Naomi Mann, Sanesh Miseer, Hendrik Simon Schaaf, Robin Dyers, Johan Hendrik Davis
Summary: Most children with spinal tuberculosis do not receive recommended follow-up until skeletal maturity. Further studies are needed to investigate the sequelae during skeletal maturation in the context of current management for pediatric spinal tuberculosis.
PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer A. Hughes, Belen P. Solans, Heather R. Draper, H. Simon Schaaf, Jana L. Winckler, Louvina Van der Laan, Kendra K. Radtke, Barend Fourie, Lubbe Wiesner, Anneke C. Hesseling, Radojka M. Savic, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
Summary: This study described the pharmacokinetics and safety of bedaquiline in South African children and adolescents receiving treatment for MDR/RR-TB. The findings showed that children had slightly lower plasma concentrations compared to adults, but the doses were safe.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)