Review
Environmental Sciences
Shang-Wu Shih, Jia-Jiun Yan, Ming-Yi Chou, Pung-Pung Hwang
Summary: The uptake of Na+ by teleosts from freshwater has been studied for the past 85 years. Different models have been proposed to explain the mechanisms behind Na+ uptake in teleost ionocytes, but there are still debates and unclear mechanisms. This mini-review summarizes the progress and regulatory mechanisms of Na+ uptake in teleosts, and discusses the challenges to the current models.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alexander M. Clifford, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G. Goss, Chris M. Wood
Summary: During exposure to acidic water, zebrafish utilize a novel mechanism of Na+ uptake that relies on the outwardly directed K+ gradient as a counter-substrate for Na+ and is sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Yeste, Sandra Recuero, Carolina Maside, Albert Salas-Huetos, Sergi Bonet, Elisabeth Pinart
Summary: This study investigated the role of NHE channels in the capacitation and acrosomal reaction of pig sperm, suggesting that these channels may be essential for triggering acrosome exocytosis and hypermotility after progesterone stimulus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pi-Cheng Cheng, Ruo-Ciao Cheng, Rong-Chi Huang
Summary: Glutamate induces Ca2+ signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by activating intracellular mechanisms involving Na+ loads, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX). The presence of Na+ loads leads to slower Ca2+ clearance and increased rebound Ca2+ suppression. However, even in the absence of external Na+, additional Ca2+ handlers are involved in the slower Ca2+ clearance induced by glutamate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Carol Eunmi Lee, Guy Charmantier, Catherine Lorin-Nebel
Summary: Life in freshwater poses osmotic and energetic challenges for organisms, particularly arthropods. The mechanisms of ion uptake from freshwater environments are still poorly understood, but the proton pump V-type H+ ATPase (VHA) and the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHA) have been proposed as potential models. This study explores the evidence for these models in crustaceans, insects, and teleost fish and emphasizes the need for further research on ion uptake mechanisms in freshwater habitats.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lise M. Sjogaard-Frich, Andreas Prestel, Emilie S. Pedersen, Marc Severin, Kristian Kolby Kristensen, Johan G. Olsen, Birthe B. Kragelund, Stine Falsig Pedersen
Summary: Through various biophysical techniques, this study reveals the complex interaction mechanism between CaM and NHE1, identifying multiple states and structures of the NHE1:CaM complex that can be modulated by stoichiometries, calcium concentrations, and phosphorylation. Experimental results suggest that CaM may enhance NHE1 regulation and indicate that this structural diversity is relevant to other CaM complexes as well.
Article
Plant Sciences
Magda F. El-Adl, Taha M. El-Katony, Reham M. Nada
Summary: The study found that the specific ion effects of Na+ and K+ were different on the growth of Ulva lactuca. Ulva lactuca showed better growth with high concentrations of NaCl, while KCl might have adverse effects on photosynthesis and cell wall. Transcription of PM H+-ATPase was induced specifically by high concentrations of Na+, while the induction of PM-Na+/K+-ATPase-like alone could not improve the growth of KCl-treated Ulva lactuca.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Claudia Aymerich, Borja Pedruzo, Malein Pacho, Marta Laborda, Jon Herrero, Toby Pillinger, Robert A. McCutcheon, Daniel Alonso-Alconada, Marta Bordenave, Maria Martinez-Querol, Ainara Arnaiz, Javier Labad, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres, Ana Catalan
Summary: Alterations in prolactin and cortisol levels have been found in antipsychotic naive patients with first episode psychosis. This study aims to provide estimates for the standardized mean differences and inter-group variability of these hormone levels in this patient group compared to healthy controls.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaodong Peng, Linling Li, Rong Lin, Xuesi Wang, Xinmeng Liu, Yukun Li, Changsheng Ma, Yanfei Ruan, Nian Liu
Summary: This study found that empagliflozin can improve Na+ and Ca2+ handling disorders induced by ouabain in a Na+-dependent manner. The research results suggest that empagliflozin exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE).
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qi Chen, Kai Xu, Yan Xu, Dehua Ji, Changsheng Chen, Chaotian Xie, Wenlei Wang
Summary: This study analyzed the function of Na+/K+-ATPase in the response of Neoporphyra haitanensis to salt stress and found that it played a crucial role in maintaining the K+/Na+ homeostasis in the algae. The inhibitor ouabain caused Na+ accumulation and K+ leakage in the cells, disrupting the K+/Na+ balance and leading to decreased photosynthesis and oxidative damage in the algae.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nur Farah Meor Azlan, Maarten P. Koeners, Jinwei Zhang
Summary: Hypertension, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease mortality worldwide, has been linked to alterations in the NCC and its regulatory mechanisms. Recent research has revealed significant progress in understanding the control of NCC, potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets for hypertension.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Article
Biology
Inga Petersen, William W. J. Chang, Marian Y. Hu
Summary: Regulation of ionic composition and pH is crucial for digestive systems in the animal kingdom. The study on sea urchin larvae reveals the involvement of Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) in maintaining pH and sodium balance in midgut fluids, showing conserved features with insect and vertebrate digestive systems and potential adaptation to changes in seawater pH.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Laween Uthman, Xiaoling Li, Antonius Baartscheer, Cees A. Schumacher, Patricia Baumgart, Jeroen Hermanides, Benedikt Preckel, Markus W. Hollmann, Ruben Coronel, Coert J. Zuurbier, Nina C. Weber
Summary: Inflammation leading to oxidative stress in endothelial cells is linked to heart failure development. The study suggests that TNF-alpha can activate NHE to raise [Na+](c), triggering ROS production, and EMPA can reduce inflammation-induced ROS by inhibiting NHE activity.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. S. Taran, L. V. Naumenko, Yu. A. Govorova, N. A. Gurova, A. A. Spasov, A. A. Ozerov, D. V. Merezhkina
Summary: In this study, nine new compounds of quinazoline derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on Na+/H+ exchanger activity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were compared with existing drugs in rats. The results showed that all quinazoline derivatives inhibited the activity of NHE-1 at a concentration of 1 nM in vitro, with the quinazoline acetylguanidine derivative being the most active. However, not all compounds demonstrated a lowering effect on IOP in vivo. The most active quinazoline derivatives were found to be 4-oxoquinazoline acetylguanidine, its derivative brominated at the C6 position, and quinazoline propionylguanidine.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Amber Gupta, Birendra P. Shaw
Summary: Salt-tolerant rice varieties show lower Na(+) uptake and higher PM-H(+)ATPase activity, which are not prominent in sensitive varieties. These characteristics could be crucial for enhancing salt tolerance in rice varieties.
FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa R. Mickle, Jesus D. Penaloza-Aponte, Richard Coffey, Natale A. Hall, David Baekey, Erica A. Dale
Summary: Closed-loop epidural stimulation (CL-ES) can improve respiratory deficits caused by cervical spinal cord injury, restoring diaphragm activity and enhancing contralateral activity. This treatment has the potential to lead to lasting recovery and device independence.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Shawn Miller Jr, Edgar Juarez Lopez, Jessica M. L. Grittner, Brendan J. Dougherty
Summary: This study tested the impact of CO2 supplementation at different concentrations on ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) in rats and found that 2% CO2 supplementation during and after acute, intermittent hypoxia (AIH) was sufficient to maintain isocapnia and induce significant vLTF.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Behnam Vafadari, Yoshitaka Oku, Charlotte Tacke, Ali Harb, Swen Huelsmann
Summary: The preBo·tzinger Complex (preBo·tC) in the brainstem plays a critical role in generating respiratory rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the activity of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the preBo·tC of anesthetized mice. Using juxtacellular recordings and optogenetic activation, the researchers were able to identify and characterize the activity pattern of these inhibitory neurons in relation to the breathing rhythm.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Stephen M. Johnson, Maia G. Gumnit, Sarah M. Johnson, Tracy L. Baker, Jyoti J. Watters
Summary: Low-level activation of mu-opioid receptors can increase the amplitude of inspiratory bursts in neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations. Endomorphin-2, an endogenous ligand for these receptors, was found to have similar effects. Disinhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission may not be involved in the changes induced by endomorphin-2, and different mechanisms may underlie the increase in burst amplitude and decrease in burst frequency.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Raphael Martins de Abreu, Beatrice Cairo, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Claudio Donisete da Silva, Etore De Favari Signini, Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos, Camila Akemi Sakaguchi, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alberto Porta
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between exercise capacity based on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and resting cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) levels. The results showed that resting CRC values were associated with exercise capacity in athletes but not in non-athletes.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Sarah M. Russel, Raluca E. Gosman, Katherine Gonzalez, Joshua Wright, Dennis O. Frank-Ito
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the response of different nasal morphologies to airflow-related variables during rapid/deep inspiration. The results showed that notched nasal vestibules had higher resistance values and airflow velocities, while standard nasal vestibules had higher mucosal heat flux. Different nasal phenotypes may predispose individuals to exercise-induced rhinitis.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Lukas Martvon, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Jakub Misek, Lucia Cibulkova, Kimberly E. Iceman, Donald C. Bolser, Teresa Pitts
Summary: An animal model study evaluated the effects of an abdominal incision on cough and swallow, revealing that abdominal wall manipulations can increase pharyngeal muscle activity during swallow without affecting the cough reflex. Swallowing tended to occur more during the inspiratory phase. The results highlight the important role of abdominal wall sensory feedback in regulating swallow motor patterns.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Rui Yu, Tatsuma Okazaki, Yuzhuo Ren, Junko Okuyama, Satoru Ebihara, Shin-Ichi Izumi
Summary: Body postures significantly influence respiratory muscle force, cough pressure, subjective ease of coughing, and pulmonary function. The 60-degree semi-recumbent posture and sitting posture show better results compared to the supine posture.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Suzuna Sato, Koji Ishida, Noriko I. Tanaka, Keisho Katayama
Summary: Respiratory muscle endurance training has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. A novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol is found to enhance the efficacy of respiratory muscle training programs.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Letter
Physiology
R. Arieli
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Correction
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Zuzana Kotmanova, Teresa Pitts, Jan Hanacek, Jana Plevkova, Peter Machac, Nadezda Visnovcova, Jakub Misek, Jan Jakus
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Dimitrios I. Bourdas, Nickos D. Geladas
Summary: This study examined the effects of breath-hold training on the performance of novice and elite breath-hold divers. The results showed that breath-hold training significantly improved red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin oxygen saturation steady state duration, and breath-hold time in novice divers. Elite divers had better breath-hold performance and higher peak mean arterial pressure compared to novices. The study suggests that breath-hold training can enhance the performance of divers.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)