Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ailsa F. Ralph, Celine Grenier, Hannah M. Costello, Kevin Stewart, Jessica R. Ivy, Neeraj Dhaun, Matthew A. Bailey
Summary: High salt intake leads to hypertension, affecting renal and vascular function in C57BL6/J mice, with a rapid increase in blood pressure observed in male mice within 4 days of dietary switch. The high-salt diet also increases renal artery sensitivity and urinary excretion of adrenaline in these mice.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Cleber Improta-Caria, Marcela Gordilho Aras, Luca Nascimento, Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa, Roque Aras-Junior, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
Summary: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene and protein expression, playing important roles in various cellular processes. In diseases such as hypertension, microRNAs are involved in regulating physiological processes, but the specific mechanisms need further study.
Article
Physiology
Manash Saha, Qi-Jian Sun, Cara M. Hildreth, Peter G. R. Burke, Jacqueline K. Phillips
Summary: Female rats with chronic kidney disease exhibit heightened respiratory-sympathetic nerve coupling at baseline, which is further increased by mild hypoxia but not by hypercapnia. This mechanism may contribute to hypertension in this animal model of chronic kidney disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Zoran Matic, Aleksandar Kalauzi, Maximilian Moser, Mirjana M. Platisa, Mihailo Lazarevic, Tijana Bojic
Summary: This research investigates the influence of different body posture and breathing regimes on cardiorespiratory coupling, specifically focusing on the pulse respiration quotient (PRQ) as a tool to analyze the dynamic modifications. The results show that the linear features of CRC in PRQ signals are highly sensitive to posture and breathing rhythm perturbations. Furthermore, the study suggests that Stand01 state has the potential for PRQ tuning in conditions where PRQ is disturbed.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Melanie Dani, Patricia Taraborrelli, Dimitrios Panagopoulos, Andreas Dirksen, Miriam Torocastro, Richard Sutton, Phang Boon Lim
Summary: This article discusses the baroreflex mechanism in blood pressure regulation in older people, as well as the physiological and pathological reasons for its impairment. Additionally, it explores the causes of orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in older individuals, along with strategies for managing these conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing-Jing Zhou, Jian-Ying Shao, Shao-Rui Chen, De-Pei Li, Hui-Lin Pan
Summary: The study reveals that chronic stress-induced persistent hypertension is mediated by enhanced sympathetic outflow via alpha 2 delta-1-bound NMDARs in the paraventricular nucleus. This provides a cellular and molecular basis for understanding how genetic and environmental factors interact to cause persistent hypertension.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Revathy Carnagarin, Marcio G. Kiuchi, Gerard Goh, Leon Adams, Neale Cohen, Helen Kavnoudias, Seng K. Gan, Greg Van Schie, Murray D. Esler, Vance B. Matthews, Markus P. Schlaich
Summary: Sympathetic overdrive plays a crucial role in disrupting cardiometabolic homeostasis. Current pharmacological approaches may have limitations, leading to a clinical need for complementary therapies such as interventional sympathetic neuromodulation. Modulating multiorgan sympathetic activity could offer a holistic approach to managing cardiometabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhao-Fu Sheng, Hua Zhang, PeiRu Zheng, Shanyan Chen, Zezong Gu, Jing-Jing Zhou, Jeffery G. Phaup, Hui-Ming Chang, Edward T. H. Yeh, Hui-Lin Pan, De-Pei Li
Summary: This study found that decreased Kv7 channel activity in the central amygdala (CeA) contributes to heightened sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This novel information provides new mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Yusuke Sata, Sandra L. Burke, Nina Eikelis, Anna M. D. Watson, Cindy Gueguen, Kristy L. Jackson, Gavin W. Lambert, Kyungjoon Lim, Kate M. Denton, Markus P. Schlaich, Geoffrey A. Head
Summary: Renal denervation, whether total or afferent, can effectively reduce hypertension and sympathetic activity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rabbits, suggesting that renal afferents play a significant role in driving elevated blood pressure in this model.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Baojian Xue, Alan Kim Johnson
Summary: Hypertension affects over 1 billion individuals worldwide, and the cause is largely unknown. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity is common in hypertensive patients, but the root cause is still unclear. Recent research has found that the neural network controlling sympathetic drive becomes more reactive after exposure to mild challenges, leading to a sensitized hypertensive response. Plasticity in the neural network and the involvement of various factors are necessary for the induction and maintenance of this state. This review discusses the induction and expression of this sensitized hypertensive response in adult animals and the offspring of mothers with prenatal obesity/overnutrition or maternal gestational hypertension, as well as interventions to reverse the effects of stressor-induced sensitization.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuhong Wang, Wanli Jiang, Hu Chen, Huixin Zhou, Zhihao Liu, Zihan Liu, Zhihao Liu, Yuyang Zhou, Xiaoya Zhou, Lilei Yu, Hong Jiang
Summary: Circadian disruption may facilitate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activating the sympathetic nervous system, leading to reduced cardiac function, increased left ventricular volume, and exacerbated cardiac fibrosis. Modulating sympathetic activity through designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs technique can alleviate the disruption-related cardiac dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Felix Mahfoud, Markus P. Schlaich, Melvin D. Lobo
Summary: Efforts to improve blood pressure control have shifted towards interventional therapies targeting the sympathetic nervous system, with renal denervation being the most mature technology. Other emerging technologies like baroreflex activation therapy require more human data support. Central nervous system control of circulation remains poorly understood yet vital component, with deep brain stimulation of key cardiovascular control territories showing promise for blood pressure control. Technology targeting hemodynamics of circulation may also be worth exploring for patients with less relevant sympathetic drive to hypertension perpetuation.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shohei Yamaguchi, Yuzumi Hayasaka, Miho Suzuki, Wenhao Wang, Masahiro Koyama, Yasuko Nagasaka, Kozo Nakamura
Summary: This study demonstrates that low-dose orally administered ACh can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by acting on gastrointestinal M3 muscarinic ACh receptors to increase afferent vagal nerve activity, resulting in decreased sympathetic nervous activity and noradrenaline release.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Filippos Triposkiadis, Alexandros Briasoulis, Pantelis Sarafidis, Dimitrios Magouliotis, Thanos Athanasiou, Ioannis Paraskevaidis, John Skoularigis, Andrew Xanthopoulos
Summary: The neurohormonal model explains the pathogenesis of heart failure, while hypertension is a leading cause of HFpEF. However, the association between hypertension and SNS overactivity has been questioned.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Guido Grassi, Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Gino Seravalle, Raffaella Dell'Oro, Jennifer Vanoli, Gianluca Perseghin, Giuseppe Mancia
Summary: The study investigated the differences in blood pressure values when measured with or without a doctor present. The results showed that there were significant increases in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve traffic when BP was measured in the presence of a doctor, while there were modest decreases in these values during unattended BP measurement. This suggests that the presence of a doctor during BP measurement may affect cardiovascular and neural responses.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher Bancroft Wolff, David W. Green, Julian F. R. Paton, David J. Collier
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Charlotte Chen, John Kolbe, Margaret L. Wilsher, Sally De Boer, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD). The results showed that activation of metaboreflex did not result in increased respiratory response and dyspnoea ratings in FILD patients. However, the hemodynamic responses after handgrip exercise were attenuated in FILD compared to controls.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes, Daniel B. Zoccal, Ana P. Abdala, Jeffrey C. Smith, Vagner R. Antunes, David Murphy, Mathias Dutschmann, Rishi R. Dhingra, Robin McAllen, Anthony E. Pickering, Richard J. A. Wilson, Trevor A. Day, Nicole O. Barioni, Andrew M. Allen, Clement Menuet, Joseph Donnelly, Igor Felippe, Walter M. St-John
Summary: This review article discusses the progress and potential future applications of the working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. The WHBP is a novel in situ experimental model that provides unprecedented access and stability for studying physiological mechanisms. It has revealed new insights into various mechanisms related to respiratory rhythms, sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart, control mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord, and chemoreceptor mechanisms. These findings have been validated in vivo and have translated to humans. The article also discusses potential future applications of the WHBP, such as two-photon imaging and pharmacogenetic tools, for improving our understanding and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Lauro C. Vianna, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: This study compared the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation between healthy men and women. The results showed that young women displayed augmented sympathetic responses and attenuated respiratory responses during central chemoreflex activation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liam P. Argent, Aabharika Bose, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: The classic peripheral chemoreflex response is a critical homeostatic mechanism. Aberrant chronic activation of the carotid body can lead to cardio-respiratory diseases, and understanding how to modulate carotid body output without removing it is crucial for developing effective clinical interventions.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, C. E. D. Osborne, J. M. Brown, T. M. Cook, C. Penfold, L. Rooshenas, A. E. Pickering
Summary: This study aimed to explore the perceptions of practicing anaesthetists regarding aerosol-generating procedures. The survey results showed that most respondents and hospitals were aware of, supported, and adhered to the UK guidelines, but there were also substantial divergences from these guidelines at individual and hospital levels. Many participants perceived reduced efficiency, negative impact on teamworking, and had concerns about environmental impact and communication problems related to the use of respiratory protective equipment and fallow times.
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, A. E. Pickering
Article
Neurosciences
Jaspreet K. Bassi, Angela A. Connelly, Andrew G. Butler, Yehe Liu, Anahita Ghanbari, David G. S. Farmer, Michael W. Jenkins, Mariana R. Melo, Stuart J. McDougall, Andrew M. Allen
Summary: Anatomical tracing studies using a selective adeno-associated virus serotype were used to map the location and termination sites of vagal afferents within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The results showed overlapping central termination patterns of afferents from different organs and convergence of vagal inputs onto single NTS neurons. Additionally, the study found multiple synaptic connections formed by vagal afferents as they pass through the NTS, suggesting a widespread distribution of viscerosensory information within the NTS.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin Lynch, Bowen Dempsey, Christine Saleeba, Eloise Monteiro, Anita Turner, Peter G. R. Burke, Andrew M. Allen, Roger A. L. Dampney, Cara M. Hildreth, Jennifer L. Cornish, Ann K. Goodchild, Simon McMullan
Summary: The deep superior colliculus (dSC) plays a crucial role in integrating multisensory inputs and activating neural pathways responsible for orienting behaviors. This study identifies a monosynaptic pathway between the dSC and the medullary gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GiA), which coordinates autonomic and locomotor components of orienting. The findings suggest that this pathway may mediate the physiological aspects of orienting responses independently of emotional stress.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, G. O'Farrell, H. M. Howes, R. Craven, A. R. Duffen, T. M. Cook, J. P. Reid, J. M. Brown, A. E. Pickering
Summary: Aerosol-generating procedures, such as awake tracheal intubation and nasendoscopy, can generate high concentrations of respiratory aerosols. Specific risks include lidocaine spray of the larynx, instrumentation of the vocal cords, procedural coughing, and deep breaths. Airborne infection control precautions are necessary for awake upper airway endoscopy if respirable pathogens cannot be confidently excluded.
Article
Anesthesiology
Pabitra Hriday Patra, Becks Tench, Timna Hitrec, Fiona Holmes, Robert Drake, Serena Cerritelli, David Spanswick, Anthony Edward Pickering
Summary: The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) contains pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that are one of the major sources of beta-endorphin in the brain. Activation of these neurons in the NTS produces analgesic effects and regulates cardiorespiratory function. These findings highlight the importance of NTS POMC neurons in endogenous analgesia and cardiorespiratory regulation.
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The study found that central respiratory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are increased in hypertensive patients, suggesting that these reflexes may play a role in the development of hypertension.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Igor S. A. Felippe, Rodrigo Del Rio, Harold Schultz, Benedito H. Machado, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: Carotid body pathophysiology is associated with various diseases and understanding its mechanisms can inform potential treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cameron Apeldoorn, Soroush Safaei, Julian Paton, Gonzalo D. Maso Talou
Summary: This review provides an introduction to the biological understanding of vascular adaptation processes and the computational modeling of these processes. Computational modeling enables repeatable experimentation and exploration of complex biological processes. With advancements in computing power and research, these models become more accurate and complete. The review also highlights the importance of these models in physiological, pathological, and technological applications, and identifies underexplored aspects in the current state-of-the-art computational models.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa R. Mickle, Jesus D. Penaloza-Aponte, Richard Coffey, Natale A. Hall, David Baekey, Erica A. Dale
Summary: Closed-loop epidural stimulation (CL-ES) can improve respiratory deficits caused by cervical spinal cord injury, restoring diaphragm activity and enhancing contralateral activity. This treatment has the potential to lead to lasting recovery and device independence.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Shawn Miller Jr, Edgar Juarez Lopez, Jessica M. L. Grittner, Brendan J. Dougherty
Summary: This study tested the impact of CO2 supplementation at different concentrations on ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) in rats and found that 2% CO2 supplementation during and after acute, intermittent hypoxia (AIH) was sufficient to maintain isocapnia and induce significant vLTF.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Behnam Vafadari, Yoshitaka Oku, Charlotte Tacke, Ali Harb, Swen Huelsmann
Summary: The preBo·tzinger Complex (preBo·tC) in the brainstem plays a critical role in generating respiratory rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the activity of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the preBo·tC of anesthetized mice. Using juxtacellular recordings and optogenetic activation, the researchers were able to identify and characterize the activity pattern of these inhibitory neurons in relation to the breathing rhythm.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Stephen M. Johnson, Maia G. Gumnit, Sarah M. Johnson, Tracy L. Baker, Jyoti J. Watters
Summary: Low-level activation of mu-opioid receptors can increase the amplitude of inspiratory bursts in neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations. Endomorphin-2, an endogenous ligand for these receptors, was found to have similar effects. Disinhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission may not be involved in the changes induced by endomorphin-2, and different mechanisms may underlie the increase in burst amplitude and decrease in burst frequency.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Raphael Martins de Abreu, Beatrice Cairo, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Claudio Donisete da Silva, Etore De Favari Signini, Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos, Camila Akemi Sakaguchi, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alberto Porta
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between exercise capacity based on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and resting cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) levels. The results showed that resting CRC values were associated with exercise capacity in athletes but not in non-athletes.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Sarah M. Russel, Raluca E. Gosman, Katherine Gonzalez, Joshua Wright, Dennis O. Frank-Ito
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the response of different nasal morphologies to airflow-related variables during rapid/deep inspiration. The results showed that notched nasal vestibules had higher resistance values and airflow velocities, while standard nasal vestibules had higher mucosal heat flux. Different nasal phenotypes may predispose individuals to exercise-induced rhinitis.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Lukas Martvon, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Jakub Misek, Lucia Cibulkova, Kimberly E. Iceman, Donald C. Bolser, Teresa Pitts
Summary: An animal model study evaluated the effects of an abdominal incision on cough and swallow, revealing that abdominal wall manipulations can increase pharyngeal muscle activity during swallow without affecting the cough reflex. Swallowing tended to occur more during the inspiratory phase. The results highlight the important role of abdominal wall sensory feedback in regulating swallow motor patterns.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Rui Yu, Tatsuma Okazaki, Yuzhuo Ren, Junko Okuyama, Satoru Ebihara, Shin-Ichi Izumi
Summary: Body postures significantly influence respiratory muscle force, cough pressure, subjective ease of coughing, and pulmonary function. The 60-degree semi-recumbent posture and sitting posture show better results compared to the supine posture.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Suzuna Sato, Koji Ishida, Noriko I. Tanaka, Keisho Katayama
Summary: Respiratory muscle endurance training has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. A novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol is found to enhance the efficacy of respiratory muscle training programs.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Letter
Physiology
R. Arieli
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Correction
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Zuzana Kotmanova, Teresa Pitts, Jan Hanacek, Jana Plevkova, Peter Machac, Nadezda Visnovcova, Jakub Misek, Jan Jakus
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Dimitrios I. Bourdas, Nickos D. Geladas
Summary: This study examined the effects of breath-hold training on the performance of novice and elite breath-hold divers. The results showed that breath-hold training significantly improved red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin oxygen saturation steady state duration, and breath-hold time in novice divers. Elite divers had better breath-hold performance and higher peak mean arterial pressure compared to novices. The study suggests that breath-hold training can enhance the performance of divers.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)