A universal code for environmental management of products

The UPC code has provided a foundation for efficient product supply chains, the proliferation of products, and the development of superstores. Extension of the universal product code could make reuse and recycling of consumer products more efficient, and provide a foundation for recycling more types of products. Three types of applications are discussed. Use of product codes in existing recycling and refurbishing enterprises (1) is a baseline application that may be cost-effective. Use of product codes for automated sorting of recyclables (2) is technically challenging, may be cost-effective as a follow-on application, and would provide potential for increased recycling of small appliances, small electronics, batteries, and other small goods. A universal product code also provides a basis for recycling innovations, such as recycling rebates and online market applications (3) that could increase reuse and recycling. Voluntary private sector implementation is feasible, with coordination between recyclers, manufacturers, retailers, government, and non-governmental organizations. although recycling regulation and legislation may be necessary for effective development of recycling programs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.