Review
Physiology
Daniel J. Hoffman, Theresa L. Powell, Emily S. Barrett, Daniel B. Hardy
Summary: Nearly 2 billion adults worldwide are overweight, with over half classified as obese, and nearly one-third of global children experience poor growth and development. The global epidemic of obesity and double burden of malnutrition, where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies, poses a significant challenge to human health. Understanding the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is crucial in addressing the global issues of obesity and chronic diseases.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hisanori Fukunaga
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to disease, and environmental factors during fetal life may influence health risks in offspring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Kim N. Cajachagua-Torres, Hanan El Marroun, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
Summary: Maternal tobacco and cannabis use during pregnancy are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Placental adaptations caused by tobacco and cannabis use may lead to these outcomes.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chien-Ning Hsu, You-Lin Tain
Summary: Animal models are essential for investigating the causal relationship between early-life exposure and the developmental programming of hypertension, providing insights into how early interventions can reprogram disease processes and prevent hypertension.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Betty Lin, Allison A. Appleton
Summary: Black women in the US are at a higher risk for pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality due to disparities in obstetric cardiometabolic complications. Previous research focused on risk factors during pregnancy, while the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) model suggests that stress exposures during early life may contribute to adult cardiometabolic health. Applying the DOHaD model to investigate the determinants of Black PRMM can help address this public health crisis.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chloe R. McDonald, Andrea M. Weckman, Julie K. Wright, Andrea L. Conroy, Kevin C. Kain
Summary: The prenatal environment has a significant impact on fetal development and long-term health. Poor maternal health and various diseases during pregnancy can lead to cognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders in children and adults. Improving access to comprehensive antenatal care globally is necessary to protect the health and safety of women and children.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie M. Kereliuk, Vernon W. Dolinsky
Summary: Globally, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death, and the increasing cardiovascular risk factors among youth, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, contribute to the development of earlier and more severe cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence suggests that maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy have lifelong effects on cardiovascular risk factors and heart disease development in the offspring, although the mechanisms for these observations are unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alexa Bishop, Judith E. Cartwright, Guy S. Whitley
Summary: Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a glycoprotein hormone with wide expression in female reproductive tissues, playing a vital role in processes such as ovarian follicular development, blastocyst implantation, and placental development. Dysregulation of STC-1 is associated with severe reproductive disorders, highlighting the need for further research on its regulation and function.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
D. Claire Wathes
Summary: Poor fertility is a major reason for premature culling of cattle. Both dam factors and external variables can influence the development of the calf fetus, referred to as fetal programming. Dam factors include age, parity, body condition, health and milk yield, while external variables include nutrition and the environment during pregnancy. These factors all have an impact on placental growth and nutrient supply to the fetus, which in turn affects the size, shape and body composition of the calf. This can also affect postnatal growth rates, organ structure and immunity. The extent of these effects on fertility is difficult to quantify due to practical challenges in obtaining long-term data. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence that events happening before birth can compromise the fertility of some cows.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hiroaki Itoh, Megumi Ueda, Misako Suzuki, Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
Summary: Metabolic syndrome, associated with obesity, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary diseases, stroke, and other disabilities. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory suggests that early developmental environmental imbalance affects health and predisposes individuals to non-communicable diseases, including metabolic syndrome. The 'Thrifty Phenotype' hypothesis proposes that undernourished fetuses develop evolutionary advantageous traits for survival in a hangry environment after birth, but this phenotype increases the risk of metabolic syndrome under an obesogenic diet. Chronic inflammation, referred to as 'Metaflammation', is believed to mediate the connection between obesity and metabolic disorders in metabolic syndrome. However, the contribution of evolutionary maladaptation to the pathophysiology of 'Metaflammation' remains understudied. Investigating 'Metaflammation' from the perspective of selective advantages and mismatches to contemporary lifestyles can provide valuable insights, considering the concept of evolutionarily conserved nutrient sensing and immune signaling systems.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Miklos Koppan, Zsuzsanna Nagy, Inez Bosnyak, Dora Reglodi
Summary: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays important roles in female reproduction, including regulating gonadal hormone production, influencing follicular development, participating in fertilization and embryonic/placental development, affecting hormonal changes during and after birth, and influencing maternal behavior. Increasing evidence suggests similar effects of PACAP in humans.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Long T. Nguyen, Carol A. Pollock, Sonia Saad
Summary: The developmental programming hypothesis suggests that adverse environmental insults during critical developmental periods increase the risk of diseases in later life. Kidneys are susceptible to such insults, particularly due to peri-gestational nutrition, which affects kidney development and metabolism. Recent studies have identified oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic changes as potential novel pathways for therapeutic intervention.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Claire Hogan, Anthony V. Perkins
Summary: Selenium is an essential trace element for human health, and deficiency can lead to various diseases. Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins, which play important roles in antioxidant defense, signaling, hormone production, DNA synthesis, and protein response. This review highlights the importance of selenium for a healthy pregnancy and the role of placental selenoproteins in early life development.
Review
Immunology
Ellen Menkhorst, Nandor Gabor Than, Udo Jeschke, Gabriela Barrientos, Laszlo Szereday, Gabriela Dveksler, Sandra M. Blois
Summary: Lectin-glycan interactions, particularly those mediated by the galectin family, play crucial roles in regulating processes necessary for a successful pregnancy. Galectins specifically bind to intracellular and membrane bound carbohydrate ligands, influencing angiogenesis, immune-cell adaptations, and embryogenesis. They contribute to fetal development and placental health, with implications for pathological conditions like preeclampsia.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaotong Yang, Paula A. Benny, Elorri Cervera-Marzal, Biyu Wu, Cameron B. Lassiter, Joshua Astern, Lana X. Garmire
Summary: Variations in telomere length have been linked to aging, stress, and diseases. This study investigated the association between placental telomere length and preeclampsia. The results suggest that placental telomere length is not significantly different between severe preeclampsia cases and healthy controls, but it is negatively correlated with gestational age and influenced by race.
Article
Sport Sciences
Maja Tomczyk, Zbigniew Jost, Maciej Chroboczek, Robert Urbanski, Philip C. Calder, Helena L. Fisk, Mateusz Sprengel, Jedrzej Antosiewicz
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 wk of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during endurance training on omega-3 index (O3I) and indicators of running performance in amateur long-distance runners. The results showed a significant increase in O3I, improvements in (V) over dotO(2peak) and running economy, but no significant effect on the 1500-m run trial time.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ivana Djuricic, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are found in seafood, supplements, and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Prospective cohort studies show that higher intakes of EPA+DHA or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body are associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is due to their beneficial modulation of multiple risk factors for CVD.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carina A. Valenzuela, Ella J. Baker, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, specifically cis-9, trans-11 (CLA9,11) and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA10,12), have shown modest anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells (ECs) at low concentrations. These CLAs decrease the concentrations of inflammatory factors such as MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES in the culture medium, but also upregulate some pro-inflammatory genes while downregulating others. The findings suggest that CLAs may have a role in preventing atherosclerosis by modulating inflammation in ECs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip C. Calder
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carolyn L. Dunbar, Harold M. Aukema, Philip C. Calder, Deanna L. Gibson, Sarah E. Henrickson, Saad Khan, Genevieve Mailhot, Shirin Panahi, Fred K. Tabung, Mei Tom, Julia E. M. Upton, Daniel A. Winer, Catherine J. Field
Summary: In January 2022, experts gathered to discuss the current state and future directions of nutritional immunology. The objectives of the symposium were to understand the relationship between diet and the immune system, highlight the role of micronutrients, compare the impact of different dietary patterns and novel approaches on inflammation, autoimmune conditions, allergies, and infections, and discuss dietary recommendations for improving disease-specific immune function. This review aims to summarize the symposium and identify key areas of research for a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between nutrition and immune function.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Camille Souama, Femke Lamers, Yuri Milaneschi, Christiaan H. H. Vinkers, Serena Defina, Linda Garvert, Frederike Stein, Tom Woofenden, Katharina Brosch, Udo Dannlowski, Henrike Galenkamp, Ron de Graaf, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Anja Lok, Bas B. B. van Rijn, Henry Volzke, Charlotte A. M. Cecil, Janine F. F. Felix, Hans J. J. Grabe, Tilo Kircher, Karim Lekadir, Margreet ten Have, Esther Walton, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
Summary: Childhood maltreatment is associated with depression, cardiometabolic disease, and their comorbidity in adulthood. A meta-analysis of 13 international observational studies found that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment have higher odds of depression, cardiometabolic disease, and comorbidity between both conditions. The associations remained significant after adjusting for lifestyle factors.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jaap Keijer, Xavier Escote, Sebastia Galmes, Andreu Palou-March, Francisca Serra, Mona Adnan Aldubayan, Kristina Pigsborg, Faidon J. Magkos, Ella C. Baker, Philip Calder, Joanna Goralska, Urszula Razny, Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec, David Sunol, Mar A. Galofre, Miguel Rodriguez, Nuria G. Canela, Radu Malcic, Montserrat Bosch, Claudia Favari, Pedro Mena, Daniele Del Rio, Antoni Caimari, Biotza M. Gutierrez, Josep del Bas
Summary: Personalized nutrition (PN) is a tool that empowers consumers to make dietary changes, improve health, and prevent diet-related diseases. However, the implementation of PN faces obstacles due to the complexity of individual metabolic characterization. This study proposes a conceptual framework that focuses on dysregulation of key processes and specific markers to assess metabolic health. Machine learning and data analysis algorithms can integrate omics and genetic markers, and digital tools can simplify their implementation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Philip C. Calder, William S. Harris
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicola A. Irvine, Annette L. West, Johanna Von Gerichten, Elizabeth A. Miles, Karen A. Lillycrop, Philip C. Calder, Barbara A. Fielding, Graham C. Burdge
Summary: This study compared the effect of incubation with 24:6 omega-3 on the fatty acid composition of two related cell types and found that cells can assimilate and metabolize exogenous 24:6 omega-3. The findings also suggest that consuming 24:6 omega-3 may provide similar health benefits as 20:5 omega-3 and 22:6 omega-3.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aline B. Santamarina, Philip C. Calder, Debora Estadella, Luciana P. Pisani
Summary: The use of natural foods and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, has been suggested as a strategy to mitigate the pathophysiological consequences of obesity. The presence of metainflammation, which leads to metabolic disorders, is a well-known characteristic of obesity. Anthocyanins have shown promise in modulating intracellular mechanisms and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation associated with obesity.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Ellen Dyson, Rachel Helbig, Tessa Avermaete, Kate Halliwell, Philip C. Calder, Lynn R. Brown, John Ingram, Bert Popping, Hans Verhagen, Alan R. Boobis, Isabelle Guelinckx, Louise Dye, Neil Boyle
Summary: The reverberations of the Ukraine-Russia conflict have had a profound global impact in 2022, exacerbating existing pressures on global systems. The vulnerabilities of the global food system have been exposed, resulting in disruptions to food supply chains and disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations in the Global South.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Noora Houttu, Tero Vahlberg, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder, Kirsi Laitinen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of fish oil and probiotics on serum fatty acids in pregnant women, as well as the relationship between fatty acids, low-grade inflammation, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The results show that pregnant women who consume fish oil and/or probiotics have higher levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) in their serum, but these fatty acids are negatively correlated with low-grade inflammation and positively correlated with the risk of GDM.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pierre Singer, Annika Reintam Blaser, Mette M. Berger, Philip C. Calder, Michael Casaer, Michael Hiesmayr, Konstantin Mayer, Juan Carlos Montejo-Gonzalez, Claude Pichard, Jean -Charles Preiser, Wojciech Szczeklik, Arthur R. H. van Zanten, Stephan C. Bischoff
Summary: Following the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures, the previous 2019 guideline on medical nutrition therapy for critically ill patients has been shortened and partially revised. This publication proposes a practical guideline based on the published scientific guideline, but with shortened and illustrated flow charts. The main goal of this practical guideline is to increase understanding and facilitate implementation of Nutrition in the ICU guidelines, including all items discussed in the previous guidelines and special conditions.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip C. Calder
Summary: This article provides an overview of the immune system and its effects on frailty, obesity, specific micronutrients, and the gut microbiota, particularly during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study shows that the immune system plays a crucial role in defending against pathogens, while aging, frailty, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infection. Observational studies during the pandemic support previous findings on the effects of aging, frailty, and obesity on immunity and susceptibility to infection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maja Tomczyk, Jeffery L. Heileson, Miroslaw Babiarz, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Fatty fish and certain species of algae are the only natural sources of EPA and DHA, which have various beneficial effects for athletes. Due to limited intake and fluctuating content, athletes may consider using supplements to ensure sufficient EPA and DHA levels.
