Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dong Liu, Xue Gao, Xiong-Fei Pan, Tao Zhou, Cairong Zhu, Fei Li, Jian-Gao Fan, Giovanni Targher, Jian Zhao
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal association between NAFLD and PCOS. The results suggest that genetically predicted NAFLD is associated with a higher risk of developing PCOS, and fasting insulin and sex hormones may mediate the link between the two.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna Bizon, Sylwia Placzkowska, Justyna Niepsuj, Marta Czwojdzinska, Marcin Lesniewski, Artur Nowak, Dagmara Pluta, Pawel Madej, Agnieszka Piwowar, Grzegorz Franik
Summary: This study found that women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) did not show significant differences in body composition parameters compared to those without PCOS, but they had higher hormone concentrations, with sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone correlating with all investigated body composition parameters only in the PCOS group. Additionally, logistic regression identified that the concentration of Anti-Mullerian hormones and body mass index could be useful parameters in differentiating women with PCOS from those with other disorders.ROC analysis further confirmed the concentration of Anti-Mullerian hormones as a powerful parameter for categorizing women as suffering from PCOS.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Maria Isabel Hernandez, Ethel Codner, Fernando Cassorla, Sharon E. Oberfield, Natasha Leibel, Revi P. Mathew, Svetlana Ten, Denis A. Magoffin, Christianne J. Lane, Michael Goran, Ricardo Azziz, Jean-Patrice Baillargeon, David H. Geller
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether glucose tolerance status in women with PCOS affects glucose metabolism and sex hormone levels in their daughters or sisters. The results showed that first-degree relatives related to a glucose intolerant (GI) PCOS proband had lower beta-cell function and higher androgen levels, putting them at higher risk of glucose intolerance and PCOS development.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Christos Damaskos, Nikolaos Garmpis, Kleio Vrettou, Anna Garmpi, Efstathios A. Antoniou, Athanasios Chionis, Konstantinos Nikolettos, Konstantinos Kontzoglou, Dimitrios Dimitroulis
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with ovarian torsion, which is a significant risk in patients with enlarged ovaries. The most common symptom is acute lower abdominal pain, and diagnosis usually involves ultrasound and CT or MRI scans. Emergency laparoscopy with ovarian or adnexal detorsion is the standard treatment, while ovariopexy or ovariectomy/adnexectomy may be considered for recurrent torsions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiaozhu Zhong, Yang Liu, Weiying Liang, Qiyue Hu, Anqi Zeng, Miao Ding, Dongmei Chen, Meiqing Xie
Summary: This study aimed to explore the clinical and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with different endometrial lesions. Obesity, prolonged menstrual cycle, decreased SHBG, and dyslipidemia were found to be risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia in PCOS patients. Oral contraceptives, progestogen, and metformin are recommended for the prevention and treatment of endometrial lesions in PCOS patients.
Review
Evolutionary Biology
Natalie L. Dinsdale, Bernard J. Crespi
Summary: Evolutionary and comparative approaches can provide new insights into human adaptation and disease. The study proposes the diametric disorder hypothesis between endometriosis and PCOS, with support from diverse fields of research. Findings suggest that PCOS and endometriosis represent maladaptive extremes of female life-history variation and expression of sexually dimorphic female reproductive traits.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maryam Abedini, Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie, Hatav Ghasemi-Tehrani, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Reza Amani
Summary: Pomegranate juice (PJ) supplementation effectively improves testosterone levels in overweight and obese women with PCOS, but does not significantly affect luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and inflammation and oxidative stress factors.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alexandra Dietz de Loos, Martin Hund, Katharina Buck, Cindy Meun, Johanna Sillman, Joop S. E. Laven
Summary: The study aimed to determine a cutoff for the Elecsys AMH Plus immunoassay to aid in PCOM diagnosis. The results showed that a cutoff of 3.2 ng/mL (23 pmol/L) demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for PCOM diagnosis, with consistent performance across different ages and PCOS phenotypes.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hongying Shan, Renxin Luo, Xuanying Guo, Rong Li, Zhenhong Ye, Tianliu Peng, Fenting Liu, Zi Yang
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women, which is associated with infertility, menstrual irregularities, endometrial hyperplasia, and obesity. The disease and its complications are closely related to local oxidative stress imbalance in the endometrium, affecting endometrial receptivity.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Leticia Morales-Ledesma, Angelica Trujillo Hernandez, Maria Isabel Ramirez, Gabriela Rosas, Rosa Linares
Summary: In both cyclic animals and EV-PCOS models, blocking VIP receptors reveals differential effects on ovarian function, with changes in steroidogenesis and ovarian catecholamine levels. The binding of VIP to its receptors regulates the responses of steroid hormones and catecholamines in the ovaries, highlighting the importance of VIP signaling in the pathophysiology of PCOS.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Ullah, Mei-Jiao Wang, Ying-Xiong Wang, Bairong Shen
Summary: Reproductive health is particularly important for women during their reproductive age. Female reproductive problems such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis affect about 10% of women, negatively impacting their health, fertility, and quality of life. CXC chemokines, small chemotactic and secreted cytokines, are found to be dysregulated in both PCOS and endometriosis, playing a critical role in the development and progression of these diseases. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines promote inflammation and are involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. Overexpression of CXC chemokines is associated with poor survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines significantly impact the circumstances of PCOS and endometriosis patients, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The molecular mechanisms underlying how CXC chemokines promote inflammation and the development of PCOS and endometriosis are currently unknown. This article aims to discuss the functions of CXC chemokines in the promotion, development, and therapy of PCOS and endometriosis, as well as future research directions. The current state and future prospects of CXC chemokine-based therapeutic strategies in managing PCOS and endometriosis are also highlighted.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Iman Al-Saleh
Summary: The study suggests that DEHP may contribute to PCOS, but further investigation is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qingjie Peng, Xiaojiang Chen, Xiaoxia Liang, Jiahui Ouyang, Qiangqiang Wang, Shuai Ren, Haibo Xie, Chunhong Wang, Yaqun Sun, Xin Wu, Hetao Liu, Changchun Hei, Miao Sun, Qing Chang, Xinrui Liu, Guangyong Li, Rui He
Summary: The study investigated the effect of metformin on PCOS using a PCOS mouse model and explored the mechanism of metformin in regulating PCOS mice through the ferroptosis pathway. The results showed that metformin not only improved body weight and metabolic disorders but also improved ovarian dysfunction in PCOS mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhenyan Pan, Fangfang Zhu, Kai Zhou
Summary: Anogenital distance (AGD) reflects androgen exposure during gestational weeks 8-14 and has been linked to endocrine-disrupting compounds. Studies show that PCOS patients tend to have longer AGD, while endometriosis patients tend to have shorter AGD. Further well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marlene Hager, Didier Dewailly, Rodrig Marculescu, Stefan Ghobrial, John Preston Parry, Johannes Ott
Summary: In a retrospective cohort study, it was found that women with stress-induced functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) have a higher prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) compared to women with exercise-induced FHA. The stress group also exhibited higher levels of prolactin and a trend towards higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS). This suggests that the well-known stress sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may explain their propensity to develop FHA and the high prevalence of PCOM in FHA women.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Luca Giannella, Giovanni Delli Carpini, Jacopo Di Giuseppe, Barbara Gardella, Giorgio Bogani, Ermelinda Monti, Carlo Antonio Liverani, Elena Roncella, Francesco Raspagliesi, Arsenio Spinillo, Paolo Vercellini, Andrea Ciavattini
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the independent variables associated with positive endocervical margin (EM) in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and fully visible transformation zone (TZ). The study found that TZ type and lesion extension were positively associated with positive EM, while cone depth was inversely related to positive EM. In women with TZ type 2 and lesion extension ≥2 cervical quadrants, an 8-mm cone depth provided a good cutoff value.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jose Manuel Garcia Garcia, Valentina Vannuzzi, Chiara Donati, Caterina Bernacchioni, Paola Bruni, Felice Petraglia
Summary: Endometriosis, a chronic inflammation in women of reproductive age, is characterized by the presence of fibrotic tissue inside and around lesions. The development of fibrosis is influenced by various cell types and molecular mechanisms, such as platelets, myofibroblasts, macrophages, and sensory nerve fibers, as well as the involvement of transforming growth factor-beta, Notch receptor, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Understanding these molecular mechanisms is important for identifying new drug targets and developing novel therapeutic approaches for endometriosis patients.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Paola Vigano, Marco Reschini, Marta Ciaffaglione, Veronica Cuce, Maira Casalechi, Laura Benaglia, Paolo Vercellini, Edgardo Somigliana
Summary: This study aimed to compare the factors underlying infertility in women with endometriosis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in fertilization rate, embryo quality, and clinical pregnancy rate between women with and without endometriosis. Therefore, conventional IVF can still be used in endometriosis patients unless there is a male factor involved.
JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Paolo Vercellini, Paola Vigano, Veronica Bandini, Laura Buggio, Nicola Berlanda, Edgardo Somigliana
Summary: This review synthesized systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the last 5 years to explore the association between endometriosis and adenomyosis with reproductive and obstetric outcomes. The findings suggest that women with endometriosis and adenomyosis have reduced pregnancy and live birth rates, increased miscarriage rates, and higher risks of various adverse obstetric outcomes. Women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and severe adenomyosis should be considered at high obstetric risk and referred to tertiary care centers for safe management during pregnancy and delivery. It is uncertain whether the same applies to pregnant women with minimal endometriosis and adenomyosis forms. Emerging evidence suggests that some adverse outcomes observed in women with endometriosis are associated with coexisting adenomyosis.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Giorgio Bogani, Alessandro Ghelardi, Francesco Sopracordevole, Marco Annoni, Andrea Ciavattini, Luca Giannella, Rosa De Vincenzo, Paolo Cattani, Maggiorino Barbero, Paolo Vercellini, Francesco Raspagliesi, Paolo Bonanni, Giovanni Scambia
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause various diseases, including cervical cancer. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have been developed to prevent the spread of HPV and reduce the prevalence of HPV-related diseases. Despite their high efficacy, HPV vaccines are underutilized in Italy, with decreasing coverage rates. Action is needed to improve HPV awareness and education to promote widespread adoption of HPV vaccination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Veronica Boero, Riccardo Cavalli, Carlotta Caia, Alfredo Berrettini, Giulia Emily Cetera, Ermelinda Monti, Giussy Barbara, Giorgia Carlotta Albertini, Elisa Restelli, Giada Libutti, Tiziano Motta, Caterina Lazzari, Paolo Vercellini
Summary: This study aims to investigate the evolution of pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus (pVLS) after menarche. The majority of patients in our study still had pVLS after menarche, suggesting the importance of long-term follow-up even among those who experience symptom resolution following menarche.
PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Luca Giannella, Giovanni Delli Carpini, Jacopo Di Giuseppe, Giorgio Bogani, Francesco Sopracordevole, Nicolo Clemente, Giorgio Giorda, Rosa Pasqualina De Vincenzo, Maria Teresa Evangelista, Barbara Gardella, Mattia Dominoni, Ermelinda Monti, Chiara Alessi, Lara Alessandrini, Alessio Pagan, Marta Caretto, Alessandro Ghelardi, Andrea Amadori, Massimo Origoni, Maggiorino Barbero, Francesco Raspagliesi, Tommaso Simoncini, Paolo Vercellini, Giovanni Scambia, Andrea Ciavattini
Summary: This study examined the impact of HPV status on the prognosis of early stage cervical glandular lesions. The results showed that HPV status did not affect the recurrence rate, but most adenocarcinomas were positive for high-risk HPV.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paola Vigano, Maira Casalechi, Paolo Vercellini, Edgardo Somigliana
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Paolo Vercellini, Giovanna Esposito, Claudia Santucci, Fabio Parazzini, Carlo La Vecchia
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roberta Venturella, Tomasz Rechberger, Janos Zatik, Rachel B. Wagman, Emily Zhu, Viatcheslav G. Rakov, Felice Petraglia
Summary: In European women with uterine fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding, relugolix combination therapy (relugolix-CT) improved symptoms and preserved bone mineral density compared to placebo.
GYNECOLOGICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Giulia Emily Cetera, Camilla Erminia Maria Merli, Giussy Barbara, Carlotta Caia, Paolo Vercellini
Summary: This review aims to identify central sensitization questionnaires used in clinical endometriosis studies and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each questionnaire. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is the most frequently used questionnaire, validated in patients with endometriosis. However, there is ongoing debate about the construct validity of these questionnaires and the need for a gold standard diagnostic tool for central sensitization.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Giulia Emily Cetera, Camilla Erminia Maria Merli, Federica Facchin, Paola Vigano, Elisa Pesce, Francesca Caprara, Paolo Vercellini
Summary: Approximately 25-33% of women with endometriosis do not have an adequate response to first-line hormonal treatment for resolution of painful symptoms. The concept of progesterone resistance has been proposed but is controversial. A broader perspective of endometriosis is emerging, questioning whether the lack of response is due to altered signaling pathways or other pain contributors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabelle Seidita, Ignazia Tusa, Matteo Prisinzano, Alessio Menconi, Francesca Cencetti, Silvia Vannuccini, Francesca Castiglione, Paola Bruni, Felice Petraglia, Caterina Bernacchioni, Elisabetta Rovida, Chiara Donati
Summary: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The role of inflammation and dysregulation of bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is highlighted. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK5 by S1P contributes to the proinflammatory response in endometrial stromal cells.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Paolo Vercellini, Veronica Bandini, Laura Buggio, Giussy Barbara, Nicola Berlanda, Dhouha Dridi, Maria Pina Frattaruolo, Edgardo Somigliana
Summary: This study aimed to investigate a cost-saving measure for the treatment of endometriosis by using a non-standard dosing regimen of a 3.75 mg depot formulation of triptorelin. The extended-interval dosing regimen, with injections every 6 weeks instead of every 4 weeks, reduced the cost by one-third without compromising pain relief.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION OPEN
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Paolo Vercellini, Veronica Bandini, Paola Vigano, Giorgia Di Stefano, Camilla Erminia Maria Merli, Edgardo Somigliana
Summary: Repetitive ovulation and menstruation provided an advantage in the Palaeolithic era, but societal changes have created a mismatch between genetic adaptation and environment, leading to an increased risk of estrogen-related diseases.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
