Article
Immunology
Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto, Ciro Alexandre Merces Goncalves, Phelipe Wilde, Jason R. Jaggers, Geraldo Barroso Cavalcanti, Valeria Soraya de Farias Sales, Radames Maciel Vitor Medeiros, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas, Breno Guilherme de Araujo Tinoco Cabral
Summary: The aim of this study is to analyze whether immune responses after strenuous exercise are influenced by chronological age and fitness level in physically active healthy men. The results showed that chronological age had a moderate effect on immune markers, while fitness level had no significant effect.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Augusta Beech, Dave Singh
Summary: This study re-evaluated the age-related increase in sputum neutrophils and their repeatability over time. The findings confirmed previous reports of an age-related increase in sputum neutrophils in healthy individuals, reaching a plateau around the age of 60. The study also showed that the sputum neutrophil percentage increased over time, suggesting that age-related neutrophilia is a progressive phenomenon. These findings question the use of an unadjusted threshold for identifying neutrophilic airway inflammation in relation to age.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michela Allocca, Flavia Linguanti, Maria Lucia Calcagni, Angelina Cistaro, Valeria Gaudieri, Ugo Paolo Guerra, Silvia Morbelli, Flavio Nobili, Sabina Pappata, Stelvio Sestini, Duccio Volterrani, Valentina Berti
Summary: This study revealed a negative correlation between brain glucose metabolism and age, with females showing a more significant metabolic reduction in the posterior-cingulate cortices, especially in post-menopausal age. The results suggested the pons as the most appropriate normalization reference.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ayumi Hayashi, Yoko Ito, Yuki Takatsudo, Naoto Hara, Peter L. Gehlbach, Keisuke Mori
Summary: In this study, the initiation of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) using wide-angle optical coherence tomography (OCT) was observed in the eyes of normal individuals under 20 years of age. PVD was found to begin in the first and second decade of life, with the majority of cases starting in the mid-peripheral vitreous in the superior quadrants anterior to the vascular arcades.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Carlos N. Bedolla, Catherine Rauschendorfer, Drew B. Havard, Blaine A. Guenther, Julie A. Rizzo, August N. Blackburn, Kathy L. Ryan, Megan B. Blackburn
Summary: Tracheal intubation is the preferred method for airway management in emergency trauma medicine. This study proposes a novel technology, spectral reflectance, for verifying tracheal tube placement. The research demonstrates that trachea has a unique spectral profile that differentiates it from other airway tissues. Furthermore, inhalation injury does not affect the spectral reflectance of the trachea. However, more studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of this technology and develop a tissue differentiation algorithm.
Article
Biology
Stijn Van Bruggen, Sirima Kraisin, Jore Van Wauwe, Katrien Bomhals, Mathias Stroobants, Paolo Carai, Liesbeth Frederix, Alexander van de Bruaene, Thilo Witsch, Kimberly Martinod
Summary: Mice lacking the PAD4 enzyme in circulating neutrophils showed protection against age-induced cardiac fibrosis and preserved cardiac function. Inhibitors of PAD4 may have potential applications in cardiovascular disease.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Caroline L. Cole, Victoria X. Yu, Sarah Perry, Anisa Seenauth, Ellen A. Lumpkin, Michelle S. Troche, Michael J. Pitman, Yalda Moayedi
Summary: This study aims to understand the somatosensory feedback from upper airway structures in humans, particularly the identities and distributions of upper airway neurons. The findings reveal differences in neuronal and chemosensory cell density among different sites in the upper airway, with the arytenoid region having the highest density. Furthermore, the study documents a decline in innervation density in the arytenoid region with aging.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Dallaway, Michael Duncan, Corbin Griffen, Jason Tallis, Derek Renshaw, John Hattersley
Summary: This study investigated age-related differences in trunk kinematics during walking in healthy men. Secondary aims were to investigate the covarying effects of physical activity (PA) and lumbar paravertebral muscle (LPM) morphology on trunk kinematics, and the effect of age on interplanar coupling between the trunk and pelvis. The results showed phase-specific differences in the coronal and transverse planes, with midstance and swing phases highlighted as instances when trunk and pelvic kinematics differed significantly between the younger group and older group. Controlling for age, fewer significant positive correlations were revealed between trunk and pelvic ranges and planes of motion. LPM morphology and PA were not significant covariates of age-related differences in trunk kinematics. Age-related differences in trunk kinematics were most apparent in the coronal and transverse planes. The results further indicate ageing causes an uncoupling of interplanar upper body movements during gait. These findings provide important information for rehabilitation programmes in older adults designed to improve trunk motion, as well as enable identification of higher-risk movement patterns related to falling.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Isidora Rovcanin Dragovic, Natasa Popovic, Masa Zdralevic, Ljiljana Radulovic, Tijana Vukovic, Flaviana Marzano, Apollonia Tullo, Miodrag Radunovic
Summary: Detection of circulatory miRNA expression levels, combined with neuropsychological screening, could serve as a non-invasive tool for identifying individuals at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kirsti Hornigold, Julia Y. Chu, Stephen A. Chetwynd, Polly A. Machin, Laraine Crossland, Chiara Pantarelli, Karen E. Anderson, Phillip T. Hawkins, Anne Segonds-Pichon, David Oxley, Heidi C. E. Welch
Summary: Host defense against bacterial and fungal infections diminishes with age, particularly due to impaired neutrophil responses. Neutrophil function in old mice shows reduced capacity to clear pathogenic bacteria, with major responses declining except for normal chemotaxis, particularly upon LPS priming. This study confirms that mice are a suitable model for understanding the decline in human neutrophil function with age.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Benjamin Isler, Nathalie Giroud, Sarah Hirsiger, Tobias Kleinjung, Martin Meyer
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between age-related brain atrophy and behavioral, as well as electrophysiological markers of vowel perception in healthy younger and older adults with normal pure-tone hearing. Older adults performed worse in vowel discrimination despite having normal pure-tone hearing, with those showing greater age-related cortical atrophy in the left and right planum temporale (PT) exhibiting weaker vowel discrimination. In contrast, younger participants with greater cortical thickness in only the left PT performed weaker in the vowel discrimination task. The study suggests that deficient vowel processing is influenced by both aging-related changes in auditory-related cortices and not solely by pure-tone hearing loss.
Article
Immunology
Layla A. Al-Kharashi, Saleh A. Alqarni, Sheikh F. Ahmad, Naif O. Al-Harbi, Sary Alsanea, Khalid E. Ibrahim, Mohammad M. Algahtani, Khalid Alhazzani, Gamal A. Shazly, Mohammad M. Al-Harbi, Ahmed Nadeem
Summary: Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease influenced by various molecular mechanisms, including the presence of antioxidant and oxidant enzymes in immune cells. The interaction between epithelial cells and immune cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The oxidant-antioxidant balance is important in the chronic phase of the disease. Genetic variability in immune cells may affect the development of airway inflammation, and different mouse strains show different responses to allergens. This study found that C57BL/6 mice had a better antioxidant system and developed mostly eosinophilic airway inflammation, while BALB/c mice developed mixed granulocytic airway inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jia Liu, Haiyan Lu, Silu Hu, Faping Wang, Xiaoju Tang, Huajing Wan, Fengming Luo
Summary: This study investigated the age-related molecular alterations of human airway by analyzing RNA sequencing data from airway brushing specimens. The results showed that the proportion of basal cells decreased with age, indicating a weakening of their self-renewal ability. The age-related genes were mainly involved in immune regulatory signaling pathways, suggesting that changes in immune function play critical roles in age-related airway diseases.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Itziar Fernandez, Amalia Enriquez-de-Salamanca, Alejandro Portero, Carmen Garcia-Vazquez, Margarita Calonge, Jose M. Herreras
Summary: The study aimed to establish age and sex reference intervals for tear cytokine levels in healthy people.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Raffaello Pellegrino, Roberto Paganelli, Angelo Di Iorio, Stefania Bandinelli, Antimo Moretti, Giovanni Iolascon, Eleonora Sparvieri, Domiziano Tarantino, Toshiko Tanaka, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Aging is characterized by chronic low-level inflammation and is associated with geriatric syndromes such as sarcopenia and frailty. Leukocyte-derived ratios, specifically neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NL-ratio) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (ML-ratio), may be implicated in age-related mechanisms that affect body composition and muscle strength. Further studies are needed to determine their usefulness for early detection of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and frailty in older adults.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Respiratory System
Patrizia Pignatti, Dina Visca, Stelios Loukides, Anne -Grete Martson, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Antonio Spanevello
Summary: This narrative review examines the relationship between fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) and the physiopathologic characteristics of asthmatic patients, as well as the factors affecting FeNO levels and the impact of corticosteroid therapy, target therapies, and rehabilitation programs. The review also discusses the potential of using FeNO as a marker for evaluating airway inflammation and monitoring adherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy, particularly in low income countries.
Letter
Respiratory System
Dina Visca, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Rosella Centis, Stefano Belli, Michele Vitacca, Maria Aliani, Elisabetta Zampogna, Davide Feci, Patrizia Pignatti, Martina Zappa, Laura Saderi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Spanevello
ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Uliana De Simone, Anna Cleta Croce, Patrizia Pignatti, Eleonora Buscaglia, Francesca Caloni, Teresa Coccini
Summary: This study utilized a 3D spheroid model of primary neuron-like cells of human origin to induce Fe3O4NP, finding early cell death and impaired ATP upon NP application, with a concentration-dependent neurotoxic effect observed. Application of Fe3O4NPs after complete 3D formation also resulted in cell death and ATP reduction, although less severe.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Beatrice Ragnoli, Patrizia Pochetti, Patrizia Pignatti, Mariangela Barbieri, Lucrezia Mondini, Luca Ruggero, Liliana Trotta, Paolo Montuschi, Mario Malerba
Summary: Sleep health is crucial for physical and mental well-being across animal species. Recent research has shown that sleep disturbances can have detrimental effects on immune health, increasing the risk for metabolic syndrome and immune suppression. Sleep disruption and circadian misalignment have been identified as new risk factors for dysregulated metabolic physiology. This review focuses on the relationship between sleep deprivation and immunity against viruses, with a specific interest in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valentina Cucca, Giuseppe A. Ramirez, Patrizia Pignatti, Chiara Asperti, Marco Russo, Emanuel Della-Torre, Daniela Breda, Samuele E. Burastero, Lorenzo Dagna, Mona-Rita Yacoub
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness and consistency of serum DAO value ranges and verify their predictive value for treatment response in HIT patients. The results showed that the severity of symptoms in HIT patients was correlated with the degree of DAO deficiency. Patients with DAO values between 3 and 10 U/mL showed the best response to treatment.
Article
Respiratory System
Patrizia Pignatti, Dina Visca, Martina Zappa, Elisabetta Zampogna, Laura Saderi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Spanevello
Summary: Patients with asthma can be classified into eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed granulocytic, and paucigranulocytic patterns based on sputum inflammatory cells. This study analyzed the clinical and biological characteristics of patients with asthma and mixed granulocytic pattern, finding that these patients were older, had comorbidities such as obesity and hypertension, and may have poorer response to treatment.
Article
Respiratory System
Francesco Salton, Paola Confalonieri, Stefano Centanni, Michele Mondoni, Nicola Petrosillo, Paolo Bonfanti, Giuseppe Lapadula, Donato Lacedonia, Antonio Voza, Nicoletta Carpene, Marcella Montico, Nicolo Reccardini, Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, Barbara Ruaro, Marco Confalonieri
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone and conventional dexamethasone in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and found that methylprednisolone did not reduce mortality at 28 days.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gianluca Baldanzi, Beatrice Purghe, Beatrice Ragnoli, Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Roberta Rolla, Annalisa Chiocchetti, Marcello Manfredi, Mario Malerba
Summary: This study used an untargeted peptidomic approach to investigate the alterations of circulating peptides in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that peptide abundance is inversely correlated with disease severity and identified peptides related to inflammation, immune response, and coagulation processes. Additionally, changes in protein degradation patterns may be involved in the progression of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatrice Ragnoli, Beatrice Da Re, Alessandra Galantino, Stefano Kette, Andrea Salotti, Mario Malerba
Summary: COVID-19 infection leads to a hypercoagulable state, potentially resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). CAC is a key factor in the organ damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. The prothrombotic state of COVID-19 can be explained by increased levels of D-dimer, lymphocytes, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prothrombin time. Inflammatory cytokine storm, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and prolonged stasis are potential mechanisms for this hypercoagulable process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
B. Ragnoli, T. Cena, A. Radaeli, P. Pochetti, L. Conti, A. Calareso, J. Morjaria, Mario Malerba
Summary: PNX is a rare complication in COVID-19 patients, and its clinical significance is still unclear. This study investigated the prevalence, risk predictors, and mortality of PNX in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure. The results showed that the prevalence of PNX was 8.1%, and the mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with PNX compared to those without PNX. Risk factors for PNX included a history of cognitive decline, non-invasive ventilation, and low P/F ratio.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Beatrice Ragnoli, Alessandro Radaeli, Patrizia Pochetti, Stefano Kette, Jaymin Morjaria, Mario Malerba
Summary: Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) production can be measured in exhaled air as a non-invasive tool to monitor inflammatory pathways in asthma and other respiratory conditions. It has shown to be useful in asthma diagnosis, treatment evaluation, phenotyping severe asthma patients, and predicting response to biologic treatments.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Dario Cocito, Erdita Peci, Antonella Gurrado, Patrizia Pignatti
JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Beatrice Ragnoli, Jaymin Morjaria, Patrizia Pignatti, Paolo Montuschi, Mariangela Barbieri, Lucrezia Mondini, Luca Ruggero, Liliana Trotta, Mario Malerba
Summary: This review provides an overview of the characteristics and mechanisms of action of dupilumab and tezepelumab, as well as a critical review of the principal results of clinical studies in severe refractory asthmatic patients.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2022)
