Article
Oncology
Elaina Kwiatkowski, Shubhankar Suman, Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Santosh Kumar
Summary: This study assessed the expression of multiple stem cell markers in premalignant tumors after low- and high-LET radiation. The results showed a correlation between increased levels of stemness markers and fi-catenin activation in premalignant tumors, particularly in tumors induced by high-LET radiation. The study highlights the complex relationship between radiation types and stem cell phenotypes, and their potential influence on carcinogenesis processes.
Article
Oncology
Takashi Ono, Naoyoshi Yamamoto, Akihiro Nomoto, Mio Nakajima, Yuka Isozaki, Goro Kasuya, Hitoshi Ishikawa, Kenji Nemoto, Hiroshi Tsuji
Summary: This study suggests that single-fraction passive carbon-ion radiotherapy is a feasible treatment option for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, especially those who are medically inoperable. The overall survival and local control rates of patients after treatment are promising.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jiaoyu Ai, Sonja M. Woermann, Kivanc Goerguelue, Mireia Vallespinos, Sladjana Zagorac, Sonia Alcala, Nan Wu, Derya Kabacaoglu, Alexandra Berninger, Diego Navarro, Ezgi Kaya-Aksoy, Dietrich A. Ruess, Katrin J. Ciecielski, Marlena Kowalska, Ihsan Ekin Demir, Gueralp O. Ceyhan, Irina Heid, Rickmer Braren, Marc Riemann, Sabrina Schreiner, Samuel Hofmann, Maria Kutschke, Martin Jastroch, Julia Slotta-Huspenina, Alexander Muckenhuber, Anna Melissa Schlitter, Roland M. Schmid, Katja Steiger, Kalliope N. Diakopoulos, Marina Lesina, Bruno Sainz Jr, Hana Algul
Summary: The study reveals that BCL3 plays a role in inhibiting cancer stem cell expansion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its expression level can be used to predict subtype characterization and guide personalized therapeutic approaches.
Article
Oncology
Jakob Liermann, Patrick Naumann, Fabian Weykamp, Philipp Hoegen, Juergen Debus, Klaus Herfarth
Summary: Carbon ion radiotherapy is a safe and feasible treatment for LAPC patients with high local tumor control rates. However, no improvement in overall survival was observed compared to historical data, possibly due to poor prognosis of the selected patients and early emergence of distant metastases. Additional chemotherapy may be necessary in further studies.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Dimitrios Troumpoukis, Adriana Papadimitropoulou, Chrysanthi Charalampous, Paraskevi Kogionou, Kostas Palamaris, Panagiotis Sarantis, Ioannis Serafimidis
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and aggressive form of this cancer. Genetic alterations, particularly in the KRAS oncogene and tumor suppressors CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4, play a role in initiating PDAC. Autophagy, the process that clears away and recycles cellular components, is crucial in PDAC and acts both as a positive and negative effector. Recent studies have focused on the importance of cancer stem cells in PDAC, and autophagy has been identified as a key process in their maintenance and function. Pharmacologically targeting autophagy in pancreatic cancer stem cells holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for treating PDAC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Taha Yazal, Justine Bailleul, Yangjingyi Ruan, David Sung, Fang- Chu, Daisy Palomera, Amy Dao, Anahita Sehgal, Vibha Gurunathan, Laila Aryan, Mansoureh Eghbali, Erina Vlashi
Summary: Despite aggressive treatments, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an intractable disease due to its resistance to therapeutic interventions. In this study, the researchers explore the inhibition of autophagy as a method to enhance the effects of radiotherapy on PDAC tumors. They find that a synthesized analogue called EAD1 is a more effective therapeutic for sensitizing PDAC tumors to radiotherapy compared to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). EAD1 not only inhibits autophagy in PDAC cells but also decreases the self-renewal capacity of PDAC cancer stem cells (PCSC). In vivo tumor models demonstrate that the combination of radiotherapy and EAD1 is most successful at controlling tumor growth.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siqi Liang, Guangming Zhou, Wentao Hu
Summary: This article discusses the clinical progress of heavy ion radiotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer and explores the deficiencies and future research directions of heavy ion radiotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xuechen Ren, Chengliang Zhou, Yu Lu, Fulin Ma, Yong Fan, Chen Wang
Summary: This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the invasive trajectory of ductal cells in PDAC and identified crucial CRGs, which can help predict patient survival and provide potential clinical therapeutic targets.
Article
Oncology
Masahiko Okamoto, Shintaro Shiba, Daijiro Kobayashi, Yuhei Miyasaka, Shohei Okazaki, Kei Shibuya, Tatsuya Ohno
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical impact of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (URPC). The results showed that CIRT has survival benefits for URPC even in the multiagent chemotherapy era.
Review
Oncology
Hannah Pook, Siim Pauklin
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is highly deadly, with current treatments facing various challenges such as late diagnosis, immunologically cold phenotype, and difficulty in distinguishing beneficial drug targets. Recent progress includes identifying mFOLFIRINOX as a standard-of-care adjuvant therapy and discovering KRAS(G12C) mutant inhibitors, with promising new approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment, enhancing immunotherapies, epigenetic modulation, and destruction of CSCs.
Article
Oncology
Takashi Ono, Naoyoshi Yamamoto, Akihiro Nomoto, Mio Nakajima, Yuma Iwai, Yuka Isozaki, Goro Kasuya, Hitoshi Ishikawa, Kenji Nemoto, Hiroshi Tsuji
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed 98 patients who underwent single-fraction carbon-ion radiotherapy for lung tumors, and found that dose-volume parameters of the normal lung irradiated at least with 5-30 Gy (RBE) and the mean lung dose significantly influenced the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis.
Article
Oncology
Koelina Ganguly, Shiv Ram Krishn, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Rahat Jahan, Ashu Shah, Palanisamy Nallasamy, Sanchita Rauth, Pranita Atri, Jesse L. Cox, Ramesh Pothuraju, Lynette M. Smith, Sudha Ayala, Christopher Evans, Moorthy P. Ponusamy, Sushil Kumar, Sukhwinder Kaur, Surinder K. Batra
Summary: Genetic ablation of secreted mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in a murine model significantly delays neoplastic onset and PanIN lesion progression in pancreatic cancer, with a reduction in cancer stem cell markers and tumor formation frequency. Mechanistically, MUC5AC potentiates oncogenic signaling through integrin ow135, pSrc (Y416), and pSTAT3 (Y705), leading to enrichment of the self-renewing CSC population. These findings highlight the crucial role of MUC5AC in promoting cancer cell sternness during pancreatic tumorigenesis and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhichong Wu, Kevin Thierry, Sophie Bachy, Xinyi Zhang, Pia Gamradt, Hector Hernandez-Vargas, Ivan Mikaelian, Laurie Tonon, Roxanne Pommier, Yajie Zhao, Philippe Bertolino, Ana Hennino
Summary: We identified a cell population, termed pericyte stem cells (PeSCs), that shows pericyte, stromal, and stemness features, lacks the Kras(G12D) mutation, and promotes tumoral growth in vitro and in vivo. These cells are CD45(-)EPCAM(-)CD29(+)CD106(+)CD24(+)CD44(+) and are present in the neoplastic microenvironment. Coinjection of PeSCs and tumor epithelial cells leads to increased tumor growth, differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Our findings suggest potential new approaches for overcoming immunotherapy resistance in clinical settings.
Review
Oncology
Midhun Malla, Fatemeh Fekrmandi, Nadia Malik, Hassan Hatoum, Sagila George, Richard M. M. Goldberg, Sarbajit Mukherjee
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Chemotherapy has improved survival in resectable pancreatic cancer by 10-20%. Only a small percentage of borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancers can be converted to surgically resectable through chemotherapy. Radiation therapy plays a role in managing localized pancreatic cancer, particularly in improving the resectability rate of neoadjuvant treatments for borderline and locally advanced cases.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Xiaolin Wang, Xiaojun Chen, Guangfei Li, Xiao Han, Tianxin Gao, Weifeng Liu, Xiaoying Tang
Summary: Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is an advanced and effective treatment for various types of malignant tumors, utilizing the unique physical and biological advantages to kill tumor cells accurately and intensively. It has shown good feasibility and safety, attracting attention for its potential in cancer treatment and research. Researchers are also exploring sensitizing agents to enhance the therapeutic effects of CIRT.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Derek A. Mumaw, Allison J. Hazy, Aleksander Vayntraub, Thomas J. Quinn, Kamran Salari, John H. Chang, Noah Kalman, Sanford Katz, James Urbanic, Robert H. Press, Arpi Thukral, Henry Tsai, George E. Laramore, Jason Molitoris, Carlos Vargas, Samir H. Patel, Craig Stevens, Rohan L. Deraniyagala
Summary: This study evaluated contralateral recurrences in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who received unilateral proton beam therapy. The results showed a favorable contralateral neck failure rate that was comparable to photon irradiation.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Kangpyo Kim, Dongryul Oh, Jae Myoung Noh, Yang Won Min, Hong Kwan Kim, Yong Chan Ahn
Summary: This study suggests that hypofractionated radiation therapy alone is a feasible option for early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Particularly, in patients with tumor length < 3 cm, this treatment scheme shows favorable local control rates with low incidence of esophageal toxicities.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Lin Chen, Jing Li, Kunpeng Li, Jiang Hu, Qingjie Li, Chenglong Huang, Gaoyuan Wang, Na Liu, Linglong Tang
Summary: This study analyzed the probability of hearing impairment after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and developed a predictive model, providing dose limitation suggestions to improve patients' quality of life.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Yiwei Yang, Jianxin Wang, Feng Gao, Zhen Liu, Tangzhi Dai, Haowen Zhang, Hongyu Zhu, Tingting Wang, Dexin Xiao, Kui Zhou, Zheng Zhou, Dai Wu, Xiaobo Du, Sen Bai
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive description of the current status of PARTER, which is the first experimental FLASH platform utilizing megavoltage X-rays. It showcases the reliable performance and stability of the dosimeters and monitors used in PARTER, as well as the satisfactory dose distribution and characteristics of the FLASH X-rays. The platform effectively meets the requirements of preclinical research on megavoltage X-ray FLASH and undergoes continuous upgrades.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Maria Thor, Kelly Fitzgerald, Aditya Apte, Jung Hun Oh, Aditi Iyer, Otasowie Odiase, Saad Nadeem, Ellen D. Yorke, Jamie Chaft, Abraham J. Wu, Michael Offin, Charles B. Simone Ii, Isabel Preeshagul, Daphna Y. Gelblum, Daniel Gomez, Joseph O. Deasy, Andreas Rimner
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of disease progression in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after receiving definitive stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The results showed that tumor diameter and SUVmax were the most frequently reported features associated with progression/survival, and a re-fitted model including these two features had the best performance.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Yong-Qiao He, Tong-Min Wang, Da-Wei Yang, Wen-Qiong Xue, Chang-Mi Deng, Dan-Hua Li, Wen-Li Zhang, Ying Liao, Ruo-Wen Xiao, Lu-Ting Luo, Hua Diao, Xia-Ting Tong, Yan-Xia Wu, Xue-Yin Chen, Jiang-Bo Zhang, Ting Zhou, Xi-Zhao Li, Pei-Fen Zhang, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Shao-Dan Zhang, Ye-Zhu Hu, Guan-Qun Zhou, Jun Ma, Ying Sun, Wei-Hua Jia
Summary: In this study, researchers aimed to establish a predictive model for radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients by incorporating clinical factors and newly developed genetic variants. They conducted a large-scale retrospective study and a genome-wide association study to develop a polygenic risk score (PRS) for RBI risk prediction. The results showed that the PRS, combined with clinical factors, improved the accuracy of RBI risk stratification and suggested personalized radiotherapy.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Oncology
Xiaoyong Xiang, Zhe Ji, Jing Jin
Summary: A review of studies suggests that brachytherapy as a salvage therapy for recurrent glioblastoma shows acceptable safety and good post-treatment clinical efficacy for selected patients.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
M. Berbee, C. T. Muijs, F. E. M. Voncken, L. Wee, M. Sosef, B. van Etten, J. W. van Sandick, F. A. R. M. Warmerdam, J. J. de Haan, E. Oldehinkel, J. M. van Dieren, L. Boersma, J. A. Langendijk, A. van der Schaaf, J. B. Reitsma, E. Schuit
Summary: This study externally validated a model for predicting 2-year total mortality in lung cancer patients in esophageal cancer patients. The intercept and/or slope of the original model needed adjustment to achieve good performance in esophageal cancer patients.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Dominique Reijtenbagh, Jeremy Godart, Joan Penninkhof, Sandra Quint, Andras Zolnay, Jan-Willem Mens, Mischa Hoogeman
Summary: This study compared the performance of the current PotD strategy with non-adaptive and fully online-adaptive techniques in the treatment of cervical cancer patients. The findings show that the PotD protocol is effective in improving normal tissue sparing compared to no adaptation, while fully online-adaptive approaches can further reduce target volume but come with a more complex workflow.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Albrecht Weiss, Steffen Loeck, Ting Xu, Zhongxing Liao, Aswin L. Hoffmann, Esther G. C. Troost
Summary: Traditional models for predicting radiation pneumonitis may not be applicable to non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with passively-scattered proton therapy. The use of effective alpha/beta parameter can predict the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis in these patients.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Z. A. R. Gouw, J. Jeong, A. Rimner, N. Y. Lee, A. Jackson, A. Fu, J-j. Sonke, J. O. Deasy
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of non-uniform fractionation schedules in radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Through modeling, optimized schedules are proposed to minimize local failures and toxicity risk. The results suggest that non-standard primer shot fractionation can reduce hypoxia-induced radioresistance and improve treatment outcomes.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Sara Ronchi, Alessandro Cicchetti, Maria Bonora, Rossana Ingargiola, Anna Maria Camarda, Stefania Russo, Sara Imparato, Paolo Castelnuovo, Ernesto Pasquini, Piero Nicolai, Mohssen Ansarin, Michele Del Vecchio, Marco Benazzo, Ester Orlandi, Barbara Vischioni
Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy and toxicity of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma patients. The results show that CIRT is safe and effective in treating the local region, and immunotherapy after relapse can improve overall survival. However, further prospective trials are needed to assess the role of targeted/immune- systemic therapy in this disease.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Dominik Wawrzuta, Justyna Klejdysz, Marzanna Chojnacka
Summary: This study analyzed articles about radiation oncology published in The New York Times since its inception in 1851, and identified changes in media sentiment and prevalent themes related to radiotherapy. The findings suggest an increasing negative sentiment in media coverage towards radiotherapy, with a shift towards reporting treatment errors, toxicity, and ineffectiveness.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Elaine Limkin, Pierre Blanchard, Benjamin Lacas, Jean Bourhis, Mahesh Parmar, Lisa Licitra, Quynh-Thu Le, Sue S. Yom, Catherine Fortpied, Johannes Langendijk, Jan B. Vermorken, Jacques Bernier, Jens Overgaard, Jonathan Harris, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Anne Auperin
Summary: This study investigated the impact of season of radiotherapy on the outcomes of head and neck squamous cell cancer patients. The results showed that the season of radiotherapy did not have any significant effect on patient outcomes.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Fabio L. Cury, Gustavo A. Viani, Andre G. Gouveia, Camila V. S. Freire, Gabriel de A. Grisi, Fabio Y. Moraes
Summary: In limb-sparing treatment of soft tissue sarcoma patients, a 5-day course of preoperative radiotherapy results in high local control and favorable R0 margins, with acceptable complication rates, particularly for patients receiving higher biological equivalent doses.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)