Article
Neurosciences
Takuya Toyonaga, Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh, Stephen M. Strittmatter, Richard E. Carson, Zhengxin Cai
Summary: The development of novel PET imaging agents for SV2A allowed for the in vivo detection of synaptic density changes, and preclinical SV2A PET imaging in animal models provides supporting information. This article discusses key considerations when designing preclinical SV2A PET imaging studies and strategies for data analysis, as well as the challenges and opportunities in small animal SV2A PET imaging.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Hankyeol Song, In Soo Kang, Kyu Bom Kim, Chanwoo Park, Min Kyu Baek, Seongyeon Lee, Yong Hyun Chung
Summary: A novel rectangular-shaped PET system with an adjustable gantry (AGPET) has been developed, utilizing a new depth of interaction (DOI) method and digital time pickoff method. Experimental results demonstrate that the AGPET system provides higher sensitivity and resolution for small animal imaging.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yuan Gao, Caixia Wu, Xueqi Chen, Linlin Ma, Xi Zhang, Jinzhi Chen, Xuhe Liao, Meng Liu
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It highlights the role of PET/CT in evaluating the tumor microenvironment, discovering immune-related adverse events, assessing therapeutic efficacy, and predicting therapeutic prognosis. The review also discusses the future development direction and potential challenges of PET/CT imaging, and summarizes research on novel PET molecular probes for precise application of ICIs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
D. P. Clark, C. T. Badea
Summary: This study reviews recent advancements in micro-CT technology for preclinical research, including new hardware features and various imaging applications such as dual-energy micro-CT and X-ray phase contrast imaging. Additionally, it discusses the integration of deep learning with micro-CT data for enhanced analysis and understanding.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sabrina Kraus, Philipp Klassen, Malte Kircher, Alexander Dierks, Stefan Habringer, Alexander Gaeble, Klaus Martin Kortuem, Niels Weinhold, Valeeza Ademaj-Kospiri, Rudolf A. Werner, Andreas Schirbel, Andreas K. Buck, Peter Herhaus, Hans-Juergen Wester, Andreas Rosenwald, Wolfgang A. Weber, Hermann Einsele, Ulrich Keller, Leo Rasche, Constantin Lapa
Summary: This study evaluates the prognostic impact of splenic CXCR4 expression in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The findings suggest that splenic Ga-68-Pentixafor uptake is associated with disease progression, treatment history, and clinical outcome. Reduced splenic uptake is linked to unfavorable prognosis and can serve as an independent predictor of survival.
Article
Oncology
Yulin Kang, Xiaohui Zhai, Sifen Lu, Ivan Vuletic, Lin Wang, Kun Zhou, Zhiqiang Peng, Qiushi Ren, Zhaoheng Xie
Summary: Multimodality imaging is an advanced imaging tool that can monitor tumor behavior and therapy in vivo. In this study, a novel hybrid tri-modality system combining positron emission computed tomography (PET), fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) was developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. The system allowed simultaneous monitoring of therapeutic effects, including apoptotic and necrotic induction within the tumor. The treatment group showed increased tumor inhibition, confirming the effectiveness of a new gene therapy in vivo.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kyeong Yun Kim, Jeong-Whan Son, Kyuwan Kim, Yina Chung, Ji Yong Park, Yun-Sang Lee, Guen Bae Ko, Jae Sung Lee
Summary: SimPET-X is a small animal PET insert designed for simultaneous PET/MR imaging, providing high sensitivity and NECR for imaging mouse total-bodies and rat heads with superior spatial resolution. No interference between SimPET-X and M7 MRI was observed, and the system showed improved performance compared to previous models.
MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Yu Shi, Juntao Li, Ke Li, Xuexue Zhang, Peng Chang, Zujian Huang, Yanyun Liu, Yihan Wang, Yonghua Zhan, Xu Cao, Shouping Zhu
Summary: This study developed a fast-cardiac multiphase acquisition strategy using prospective ECG gating for micro-focus X-ray tubes with a continuous emission mode. The proposed strategy combines the advantages of prospective ECG gating strategies and X-ray detector-trigger mode to suppress motion artifacts, achieve ultra-fast acquisition rates, and relax hardware limitations.
JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Claudine Regis, Khadija Benali, Francois Rouzet
Summary: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown origin that affects multiple systems. Diagnosis can be made through histological identification of non-caseous granulomas or a combination of clinical criteria. Treatment is often necessary to alleviate symptoms and prevent permanent organ dysfunction, particularly in cases of cardiac sarcoidosis. FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MR have emerged as important imaging techniques for the diagnosis, staging, and guiding of biopsies in sarcoidosis. These imaging modalities can identify active inflammatory granulomas and serve as prognostic and therapeutic tools. This review highlights the critical roles of hybrid PET imaging in sarcoidosis and discusses potential future developments using other radiotracers and artificial intelligence applications.
SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Haitao Miao, Yuyun Sun, Yizi Jin, Xichun Hu, Shaoli Song, Jian Zhang
Summary: The Ga-68-HER2 affibody PET/CT imaging showed high diagnostic accuracy in determining HER2 expression in breast cancer patients, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 84.6%. Its ability to provide valuable information for personalized clinical decision-making is currently being further assessed.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Iris H. C. Miedema, Gerben J. C. Zwezerijnen, Marc C. Huisman, Ellen Doeleman, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Twan Lammers, Qizhi Hu, Guus A. M. S. van Dongen, Cristianne J. F. Rijcken, Danielle J. Vugts, C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt
Summary: FDA/EMA-approved nanomedicines have shown improved pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the effectiveness of these nanomedicines in treating tumors is highly dependent on tumor accumulation, which can vary greatly. This study utilized PET/CT imaging to evaluate the tumor accumulation of a docetaxel-entrapping polymeric nanoparticle and found that a diagnostic dose accurately reflected the accumulation during treatment, which could potentially aid in patient stratification in cancer nanomedicine.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeremy McGale, Sakshi Khurana, Alice Huang, Tina Roa, Randy Yeh, Dorsa Shirini, Parth Doshi, Abanoub Nakhla, Maria Bebawy, David Khalil, Andrew Lotfalla, Hayley Higgins, Amit Gulati, Antoine Girard, Francois-Clement Bidard, Laurence Champion, Phuong Duong, Laurent Dercle, Romain-David Seban
Summary: HER2-positive breast cancer, characterized by amplification of the HER2 gene, is associated with aggressive tumor growth, increased metastatic risk, and poorer prognosis compared to other subtypes. HER2 expression is a crucial tumor feature for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Advancements in HER2 in vivo imaging techniques like PET and SPECT may enhance the role of HER2 status in guiding breast cancer management, enabling determination of tumor size, location, and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. This review explores the current and future role of HER2 imaging in personalized care for breast cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kunal Ramesh Chandekar, Arun Prashanth, Sobhan Vinjamuri, Rakesh Kumar
Summary: Despite limitations in specificity and sensitivity, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using [F-18]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has revolutionized oncological imaging. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), shows promise as a pan-cancer target. Radiolabeled FAP inhibitors (FAPI) have been developed for molecular imaging and theranostic applications, with encouraging preliminary data on FAPI PET/CT and ongoing clinical research. This review summarizes the literature on FAPI PET/CT imaging, focusing on diagnostic applications, comparison with FDG, pitfalls, and future directions.
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Weidong Gong, Shuang Qiu, Shiyu Zheng, Wei Liu, Chunyin Zhang
Summary: We present Ga-68-DOTA-FAPI-04 and F-18-FDG PET/CT findings of intracranial syphilitic gumma in a 46-year-old man with HIV. In this case, Ga-68-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT outperforms F-18-FDG in helping to visualize syphilitic gumma. Syphilitic gumma can also cause increased FAPI activity. Our findings suggest the potential value of Ga-68-DOTA-FAPI-04 in the diagnosis of syphilis.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ihsan Kaplan, Canan Can, Ferat Kepenek, Ibrahim Ibiloglu, Yunus Guzel
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of F-18-FDG PET/CT and Ga-68-FAPI-04 PET/CT in evaluating the response to treatment in a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma. It was found that F-18-FDG PET/CT showed higher uptake in recurrent and metastatic lesions than Ga-68-FAPI-04 PET/CT, indicating its superiority in this case.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Giovanni Mettivier, Antonio Sarno, Youfang Lai, Bruno Golosio, Viviana Fanti, Maria Elena Italiano, Xun Jia, Paolo Russo
Summary: This study compares three different platforms for virtual clinical trials in breast imaging, developing real-time virtual breast imaging examinations with reduced computational time. All the codes show compatible results in terms of simulated dose maps and imaging values, with a maximum discrepancy of 3%.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rossana Castaldo, Nunzia Garbino, Carlo Cavaliere, Mariarosaria Incoronato, Luca Basso, Renato Cuocolo, Leonardo Pace, Marco Salvatore, Monica Franzese, Emanuele Nicolai
Summary: Radiomics plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study presents a weighted statistical framework to explore radiomic biomarkers for breast cancer and achieve more precise prognosis. The results show that normalizing radiomic features using the quantile method can lead to accurate classification and prediction of breast cancer outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Pasquale Borrelli, Carlo Cavaliere, Marco Salvatore, Jorge Jovicich, Marco Aiello
Summary: This study evaluates the influence of different diffusion acquisition schemes, diffusion models, and tractography reconstruction approaches on the reproducibility of graph metrics derived from structural connectome. The results show that different combinations strongly affect the reproducibility of graph metrics and have important implications for brain network studies.
BRAIN CONNECTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marco Aiello, Dario Baldi, Giuseppina Esposito, Marika Valentino, Marco Randon, Marco Salvatore, Carlo Cavaliere
Summary: A reliable diagnosis and accurate monitoring are crucial for COVID-19 treatment and prevention. Chest CT is considered a crucial diagnostic imaging technique for assessing viral pneumonia injuries, and automated lung segmentation methods help speed up the diagnosis. Ultra-low dose chest CT protocols have been implemented to reduce radiation burden, but existing AI technologies have not been validated for use with these protocols. This study compares the results of four AI tools on datasets acquired with different protocols, finding high comparability between CD-CT and ULD-CT data.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Antonio Sarno, Giovanni Mettivier, Kristina Bliznakova, Andrew M. Hernandez, John M. Boone, Paolo Russo
Summary: This study evaluated the bias introduced by homogeneous breast models in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in estimating the mean glandular dose (MGD). The study also examined the glandular dose distributions in 2D and 3D x-ray breast imaging using breast models with realistic glandular tissue distribution and organ silhouette. The results showed that conventional conversion coefficients based on homogeneous breast models overestimate MGD in DBT, and the standard deviation of the glandular dose distribution is lower in breast dedicated CT (BCT) compared to digital mammography (DM) and DBT.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Valentina Brancato, Nunzia Garbino, Marco Salvatore, Carlo Cavaliere
Summary: The study aims to develop an MRI-based radiomics approach for the early detection and histological grade prediction of HCC. By extracting radiomic features from T2 images and DCE-MRI, predictive models were constructed and promising results were achieved. Radiomics MRI based on T2 and DCE-MRI may serve as a suitable tool for personalized treatment of HCC patients and the development of new prognostic biomarkers.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Giovanni Mettivier, Antonio Sarno, Antonio Varallo, Paolo Russo
Summary: This study experimentally measured the linear attenuation coefficient μ of common 3D printing filament materials at different energies for use in mammography, breast tomosynthesis, and breast computed tomography. The suitability of each material for simulating adipose, glandular, or skin tissue was also evaluated.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Leandra Piscopo, Carmela Nappi, Fabio Volpe, Valeria Romeo, Emanuele Nicolai, Rosj Gallicchio, Alessia Giordano, Giovanni Storto, Leonardo Pace, Carlo Cavaliere, Marco Salvatore, Alberto Cuocolo, Michele Klain
Summary: The study evaluated the prognostic value of hybrid PET/MR in patients with DTC. The results showed that hybrid PET/MR imaging may improve the information content and offer new opportunities for patients with DTC. However, further clinical studies are needed to understand the additional value in patients with DTC.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Liberatore Tramontano, Bruna Punzo, Alberto Clemente, Sara Seitun, Luca Saba, Eduardo Bossone, Erica Maffei, Carlo Cavaliere, Filippo Cademartiri
Summary: The CAC score provides valuable prognostic information for predicting CAD risk in asymptomatic individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Francesca Saveria Maddaloni, Antonio Sarno, Giovanni Mettivier, Stefania Clemente, Caterina Oliviero, Roberta Ricciardi, Antonio Varallo, Paolo Russo
Summary: This study presents a method for personalized organ dose estimates before CT exams using 3D optical body scanning and Monte Carlo simulations. By adapting a reference phantom to the body size and shape measured with a portable 3D optical scanner, a voxelized phantom was derived. The internal body anatomy derived from a phantom dataset matched for gender, age, weight, and height was incorporated into the voxelized body phantom to provide more accurate organ dose estimates.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mario Verdicchio, Valentina Brancato, Carlo Cavaliere, Francesco Isgro, Marco Salvatore, Marco Aiello
Summary: This study proposed a novel pathomic approach for the classification of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer histopathological whole slide images. By extracting pathomic features and using machine learning models, the researchers achieved a good classification performance for TILs.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Pasquale Borrelli, Giovanni Savini, Carlo Cavaliere, Fulvia Palesi, Maria Grazia Bruzzone, Domenico Aquino, Laura Biagi, Paolo Bosco, Irene Carne, Stefania Ferraro, Giovanni Giulietti, Antonio Napolitano, Anna Nigri, Luigi Pavone, Alice Pirastru, Alberto Redolfi, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Michela Tosetti, Marco Salvatore, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Marco Aiello, RIN Neuroimaging Network
Summary: This study investigates the reproducibility and variability of topological metrics derived from structural connectomes in the clinical context. The data from the Italian Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Network initiative were used to obtain normative values and examine the reproducibility and variability across different centers. The results show significant differences among the centers.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Concetta Iside, Ornella Affinito, Bruna Punzo, Marco Salvatore, Peppino Mirabelli, Carlo Cavaliere, Monica Franzese
Summary: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a long-term inflammatory process in which atherosclerosis plays a key role. Damaged endothelial cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to vascular inflammation and disease progression. This study found increased levels of several cytokines in the serum of CAD patients, with most cytokines showing a gradual increase with disease severity. Moreover, the combination of serum cytokines may aid in risk stratification for patients suspected of having CAD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dario Baldi, Liberatore Tramontano, Bruna Punzo, Carlo Cavaliere
Summary: Ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus are rare and pose challenges in diagnosis and management. This case report highlights the use of CT scan and cinematic rendering to visualize ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus. Cinematic rendering provides detailed and accurate visualization, aiding in diagnosis and surgical planning.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Antonella Meloni, Filippo Cademartiri, Vicenzo Positano, Simona Celi, Sergio Berti, Alberto Clemente, Ludovico La Grutta, Luca Saba, Eduardo Bossone, Carlo Cavaliere, Bruna Punzo, Erica Maffei
Summary: Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an emerging technology that offers several advantages over conventional CT, including improved spatial resolution and signal behavior, reduced noise and artifacts, decreased radiation dose, and enhanced material discrimination. This review highlights the potential diagnostic capabilities of PCCT in cardiovascular applications, such as detection of coronary artery calcifications and evaluation of coronary plaque extent and composition.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)