Article
Oceanography
Thomas P. Guilderson, Daniel P. Schrag, Ellen R. M. Druffel, Ron W. Reimer
Summary: The study of a high-resolution coral Delta C-14 record from the leeward side of the Big Island of Hawai'i provides insights into the pre- and post-bomb era changes. Seasonal cycles, La Nina years, and Sverdrup dynamics are all reflected in the record, indicating climate variability in the subtropical North Pacific.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joo-Eun Yoon, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Il-Nam Kim
Summary: This study investigates the impact of the North Pacific gyre oscillation (NPGO) mode on the relationship between primary production (PP) and export production (EP) in the eastern North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG). The results show that positive NPGO phases are associated with high PP and EP, while negative NPGO phases exhibit low EP despite high PP conditions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Julia Duerschlag, Wiebke Mohr, Timothy G. Ferdelman, Julie LaRoche, Dhwani Desai, Peter L. Croot, Daniela Voss, Oliver Zielinski, Gaute Lavik, Sten Littmann, Clara Martinez-Perez, Bernhard Tschitschko, Nina Bartlau, Helena Osterholz, Thorsten Dittmar, Marcel M. M. Kuypers
Summary: This study conducted investigations on phytoplankton communities and their metabolic activities in the South Pacific Gyre region, revealing that fast-growing small eukaryotes may play a significant role in CO2 fixation in the surface waters of ultraoligotrophic oceans.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Helena Osterholz, David P. A. Kilgour, Dominik Sebastian Storey, Gaute Lavik, Timothy G. Ferdelman, Jutta Niggemann, Thorsten Dittmar
Summary: The subtropical South Pacific Gyre contains the largest oligotrophic region in the global ocean, where dissolved organic matter accumulates in the surface waters. A molecular-level study revealed distinct characteristics of the DOM in this region, including high abundances of potentially labile unsaturated aliphatic molecular formulas and a low degradation index. Additionally, microbial utilization of nitrogen-containing DOM and extensive photochemical reworking were evident, reflecting carbon fractions relevant on different timescales.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abdullah A. Fahad, Natalie J. Burls, Erik T. Swenson, David M. Straus
Summary: Subtropical anticyclones and midlatitude storm tracks play key roles in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasonality of subtropical anticyclones over the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and south Indian Ocean basins has significant impacts on local weather and climate. The study investigates the strength of the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone in austral summer, attributing it to heating over the South Pacific convergence zone triggering a propagating Rossby wave train.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qianghua Song, Yulong Yao, Chunzai Wang
Summary: This study investigates the future summer marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) caused by the strengthening of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The results indicate that under the highest emission scenario, the WPSH will be strengthened, leading to a significant increase in the total days of MHWs in the SCS, particularly in the south-central region. The intensity of MHWs shows little response to the strengthening of the WPSH, but the weakening of the SCS cold filament favors the occurrence of MHWs. Moreover, the increased severe summer MHWs pose a higher risk of coral reef bleaching.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
F. M. Bingham, S. K. Brodnitz, A. L. Gordon
Summary: The sea surface salinity (SSS) maximum of the South Indian Ocean (the SISSS-max) is a high-salinity feature centered at 30°S, 90°E, near the center of the South Indian subtropical gyre. It moves seasonally and interannually, with changes in size and maximum SSS, influenced by variations in evaporation, precipitation, wind forcing, gyre-scale ocean circulation, and downward Ekman pumping. The motion of SISSS-max correlates with SSS changes throughout the South Indian Ocean and may indicate changes in the basin's subtropical circulation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Kimberley L. Drouin, M. Susan Lozier, William E. Johns
Summary: Previous studies have suggested that the South Atlantic subtropical gyre has been expanding, shifting poleward, and intensifying. Investigating from an observational standpoint, analyzing seasonal and interannual variability, and long-term trends. The gyre strength follows seasonal heating and cooling, largely influenced by sea surface height gyre maximum, while ocean mass variability is driven by wind stress curl and out of phase with the steric signal. Interannual changes to the southern boundary and gyre strength are related to wind stress curl.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruping Ge, Yixuan Li, Hongju Chen, Facan Lei, Yunyun Zhuang, Guangxing Liu
Summary: Understanding the diel vertical migration patterns of zooplankton is important for biological pumping and pelagic food webs. However, limited knowledge exists about the DVM patterns of zooplankton with different functional traits. This study used a trait-based approach to investigate the vertical distributions of zooplankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, and found that different functional groups exhibited distinct DVM patterns.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jian Zheng, Faming Wang
Summary: Recent studies have shown the existence of a dipolar mode of sea surface temperature variability in the subtropical South Pacific, known as the South Pacific Subtropical Dipole (SPSD). The SPSD causes summer atmospheric responses, including baroclinic and barotropic responses, precipitation anomalies, and anomalous storm tracks. The atmospheric response to SPSD in the subtropical South Pacific interacts with and forms a coupled system with the SPSD itself.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Annika Vaksmaa, Matthias Egger, Claudia Luke, Paula Dalcin Martins, Riccardo Rosselli, Alejandro Abdala Asbun, Helge Niemann
Summary: The long-term fate of plastics in the ocean and their interactions with marine microorganisms are still not well understood. This study investigated the role of sinking plastic particles as a transport vector for surface microbes towards the deep sea in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The composition of microbial communities on floating and suspended plastic particles was analyzed, revealing differences between the two compartments but a presence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in both. The findings suggest a limited efficiency of sinking plastic particles in vertically transporting microorganisms in this region.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephen M. Chiswell
Summary: The research found that marine heat waves and cold spells in the Tasman Sea co-occur with corresponding events in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and these events in the southern hemisphere are likely driven by the stalling of a global wavenumber-4 atmospheric wave.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahra Mo, Dongseon Kim, Eun Jin Yang, Jinyoung Jung, Young Ho Ko, Sung-Ho Kang, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Keyhong Park, Tae-Wook Kim
Summary: This study evaluated interannual variation in the subsurface aragonite undersaturation zone in the Pacific Arctic Ocean. The upper boundary of the zone was primarily influenced by corrosive Pacific water and the intensity of the Beaufort Gyre associated with freshwater accumulation. The lower boundary was determined by contributions from both Pacific and Atlantic water, and an anomalous atmospheric circulation event in 2017 resulted in a decrease in the thickness of the undersaturation layer.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Habeom Kim, Hyunsoo Lee, Gyoung-Ah Lee
Summary: Neolithic shell midden sites in Korea have not been calibrated using correction values for the marine reservoir effect, making it difficult to compare dates on shells to terrestrial samples. Researchers have reported two new Delta R values for a pre-1950 blue mussel from the south coast, which can help calibrate dates on shells from other Neolithic shell middens.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hyung Jeek Kim, Dongseon Kim, Chan Min Yoo, Jong-Yeon Park, Hyeryeong Jeong, Jeomshik Hwang
Summary: The study found that the flux of biogenic and lithogenic particles significantly increased in the southeastern part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre from January to May 2012, especially during the spring months (March to May), and the transfer efficiency of organic carbon also doubled during this time. Dust deposition may enhance the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, promoting biological growth and nutrient supply in the region.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emma Rehn, Cassandra Rowe, Sean Ulm, Craig Woodward, Atun Zawadzki, Geraldine Jacobsen, Michael I. Bird
Summary: Fire is closely linked to vegetation, and analyzing charcoal morphological characteristics and carbon isotopes can provide valuable information on source vegetation and biomass contribution. However, interpreting the proportion of grasses in environmental records poses challenges, suggesting a need for further studies to differentiate graminoid types.
VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
John McCarthy, Chelsea Wiseman, Katherine Woo, David Steinberg, Michael O'Leary, Daryl Wesley, Liam M. Brady, Sean Ulm, Jonathan Benjamin
Summary: Regional-scale assessments are essential for the management, engagement, and mitigation of submerged archaeological landscapes, but are largely absent in Australia. A novel regional-scale assessment in the Northern Territory has been conducted to address this issue and provide vital baseline data for stakeholders.
AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Michael I. Bird, Jordahna Haig, Sean Ulm, Christopher Wurster
Summary: The study compiled a large number of carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of archaeological human bone collagen from the British Isles, converting ancient data to modern equivalents for comparison, showing significant differences in isotope values between ancient and modern food groups.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Maria Rivera-Araya, Cassandra Rowe, Vladimir Levchenko, Sean Ulm, Michael Bird
Summary: This study investigates and quantifies the differences in radiocarbon ages from different carbon fractions and pretreatment protocols in tropical lake sediments. The results show that SPAC is the most reliable fraction for dating in these sediments, and hypy successfully removes exogenous carbon contamination.
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Maria Rivera-Araya, Cassandra Rowe, Sean Ulm, Michael Bird
Summary: This study documents the hydrological development of Sanamere Lagoon in north Queensland over the past 33,000 years, using a sediment sequence. By analyzing various proxies, the study reveals that regional climatic events, such as the reactivation of the monsoon at 15,000 years ago and sea-level rise ending at 7,000 years ago, are reflected in the ecosystem and biogeochemical responses in the lagoon. The findings contribute to the understanding of environmental change in the tropical Australian region and provide insights into regional monsoon dynamics.
QUATERNARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan Benjamin, Michael O'Leary, Jo McDonald, Chelsea Wiseman, John McCarthy, Emma Beckett, Patrick Morrison, Francis Stankiewicz, Jerem Leach, Jorg Hacker, Paul Baggaley, Katarina Jerbic, Madeline Fowler, John Fairweather, Peter Jeffries, Sean Ulm, Geoff Bailey
Article
Geography, Physical
Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Stefani A. Crabtree, Devin A. White, Sean Ulm, Michael I. Bird, Alan N. Williams, Frederik Saltre
Summary: The patterns of Homo sapiens expansion out of Africa and across the globe have been studied using demographic and travel-cost models. However, migration rates and modelled routes have a reciprocal influence on each other. In this study, movement 'superhighways' and a demographic cellular automaton were combined to predict one of the earliest peopling events in the world. The results provide new insights and a better fit to the archaeological evidence of initial human arrival in Sahul.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Michael O'Leary, Michael Cuttler, Jonathan Benjamin, Geoff Bailey, Sean Ulm, John McCarthy, Chelsea Wiseman, Amy Stevens, Jo McDonald
Summary: This study examines the hydrodynamic processes at Cape Bruguieres Channel (CBC) in Western Australia to understand how they impact the formation of a submerged lithic scatter site. The study finds that the stability of lithics in water depends on their shape and orientation relative to the current flow direction. It is concluded that the lithic scatter site at Cape Bruguieres has remained in situ since sea level inundation around 7,000 years ago.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Emma Kowal, Laura S. Weyrich, Juan Manuel Arguelles, Alyssa C. Bader, Chip Colwell, Amanda Daniela Cortez, Jenny L. Davis, Gonzalo Figueiro, Keolu Fox, Ripan S. Malhi, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, Ayushi Nayak, Elizabeth A. Nelson, George Nicholas, Maria A. Nieves-Colon, Lynette Russell, Sean Ulm, Francisco Vergara-Silva, Fernando A. Villanea, Jennifer K. Wagner, Joseph M. Yracheta, Krystal S. Tsosie
Summary: This article responds to the guidelines on the ethics of DNA research on human remains, arguing that they fail to consider the interests of community stakeholders. It highlights three main concerns with the guidelines, including the false separation of scientific and community concerns and the exclusion of community perspectives. The article stresses the importance of consulting communities with established or potential ties to Ancestors in research.
HUMAN GENETICS AND GENOMICS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jonathan Benjamin, Michael O'Leary, John McCarthy, Wendy Reynen, Chelsea Wiseman, Jerem Leach, Simon Bobeldyk, Justine Buchler, Philippe Kermeen, Michelle Langley, Adam Black, Hiro Yoshida, Iain Parnum, Amy Stevens, Sean Ulm, Jo McDonald, Peter Veth, Geoff Bailey
Summary: This study reports the discovery and identification of five ancient stone artefacts associated with a submerged freshwater spring at an underwater archaeological site in Murujuga, Western Australia. The site was occupied during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene and is well below the intertidal zone at a depth of 14 m. The results highlight the potential of submerged springs as archaeological survey targets in tropical environments.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sean Ulm, Damien O'Grady, Fiona Petchey, Quan Hua, Geraldine Jacobsen, Lauren Linnenlucke, Bruno David, Daniel Rosendahl, Magdalena M. E. Bunbury, Michael Bird, Paula J. Reimer
Article
Anthropology
Carly Monks, Georgia L. L. Stannard, Sven Ouzman, Tiina Manne, Joel Garside, Sean Ulm
Summary: This study provides the first data on a cohort of level one archaeology students, examining their demographic composition, motivations for enrolling, and external stressors that may impact their study goals, retention, and needs. The survey of 107 students from 13 Australian universities revealed a diverse cohort in terms of age, gender, and educational background. However, there was limited diversity in terms of ethnicity. The study also highlighted the presence of caring responsibilities, as well as physical and mental health concerns among the students. It further revealed a lack of understanding about Australian archaeological job opportunities within the cohort, indicating a need for improved public engagement and outreach in the field.
AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Lauren Linnenlucke, Michael I. Bird, Fiona Petchey, Geordie Alliston, IIan J. Mcniven, Bruno David, Sean Ulm
Summary: A new quality assurance framework was developed to assess the reliability of 14C ages from archaeological sites across the Torres Strait. Three stages of data analysis were conducted to evaluate the 14C ages and associated metadata. Reliability ratings were assigned to represent data confidence, with 73% of the 343 14C ages awarded a reliability rating of 3* or above.
JOURNAL OF OPEN ARCHAEOLOGY DATA
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Wanchese M. Saktura, Emma Rehn, Lauren Linnenlucke, Henry Munack, Rachel Wood, Fiona Petchey, Alexandru T. Codilean, Zenobia Jacobs, Tim J. Cohen, Alan N. Williams, Sean Ulm
Summary: Reliable chronological frameworks are crucial in archaeology for accurate interpretations of the past. Geochronology plays a vital role in interdisciplinary research by integrating diverse data onto a common timeline. Radiocarbon dating revolutionized Australian archaeology in the 1950s, and additional methods like thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence expanded the study of the deep past. The SahulArch geochronological database focuses on providing reliable, precise, and reproducible ages, with 10,717 ages from 2,318 sites across the Sahul landmass.
AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexandru T. Codilean, Henry Munack, Wanchese M. Saktura, Tim J. Cohen, Zenobia Jacobs, Sean Ulm, Paul P. Hesse, Jakob Heyman, Katharina J. Peters, Alan N. Williams, Rosaria B. K. Saktura, Xue Rui, Kai Chishiro-Dennelly, Adhish Panta
Summary: OCTOPUS v.2 is a web-enabled database compliant with OGC standards, allowing users to access data related to erosional landscapes, depositional landforms, and archaeological records. The database includes cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon age data, along with other geospatial data. Users can access the datasets via a web interface or GIS applications.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
