Review
Biology
Mark P. Little, Tamara Azizova, Nobuyuki Hamada
Summary: Studies have shown correlations between ionizing radiation and circulatory diseases, cataracts, and other ocular endpoints, with dose-response relationships observed. Additionally, neurological detriment may occur following radiation exposure at low-moderate doses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Xin Qu, Lijuan Zhang, Lin Wang
Summary: This review summarizes the protective mechanisms of pterostilbene in CNS disorders, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of lipid metabolism and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, improvement of synaptic function and neurogenesis, induction of glioma cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of glioma cell migration and invasion. Molecular targets and pathways for the protective actions of pterostilbene are discussed, and future studies should focus on animal models and human studies to further evaluate its role and mechanisms in CNS disorders.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yue Liu, Guang Yang, Wenqiang Cui, Yunling Zhang, Xiao Liang
Summary: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can cause various dysfunctions and have significant socio-economic impact. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine has shown potential in the treatment of CNS diseases through multiple mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Arash Hellysaz, Marie Hagbom
Summary: This qualitative review examines the relationship between rotavirus infection and CNS complications, indicating the involvement of gut-brain mechanisms in symptoms driven by the CNS. Rotavirus can affect the CNS through various pathways, including neural gut-brain communication and systemic spread, requiring further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Soile Tapio, Mark P. Little, Jan Christian Kaiser, Nathalie Impens, Nobuyuki Hamada, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, David Simar, Sisko Salomaa
Summary: The risks of radiation to health are crucial in various exposure situations, especially in relation to circulatory and metabolic diseases. Advances in treatment strategies have improved cancer survival rates, but cancer survivors may experience long-term complications. Further research on the impact of low-dose radiation is urgently needed.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ting Lan, Ting Ting Sun, Chao Wei, Tian Cheng, Fei Yang, Jian-Nan Zhang, Qian Li
Summary: Ferroptosis, characterized by iron overload and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species, can be induced by inactivation of various pathways. Epigenetic regulation plays a role in determining cell sensitivity to ferroptosis, although it is not fully understood. Neuronal ferroptosis is involved in CNS diseases, and this review focuses on epigenetic regulation of ferroptosis in these diseases, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA regulation, and histone modification. Understanding epigenetic regulation in ferroptosis will contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases associated with ferroptosis.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ke Chen, Si Sun, Junying Wang, Xiao-Dong Zhang
Summary: The central nervous system is crucial for human health, and the treatment of CNS diseases is essential. Artificial enzymes offer high stability and catalytic activity, showing great potential for treating neuroinflammation and other disorders.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bangqi Wang, Tianshu Fang, Hongping Chen
Summary: Zinc (Zn2+) is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes. It is necessary for cellular proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, growth, immunity, and wound healing. Maintaining zinc homeostasis is vital for the central nervous system, where zinc is abundantly distributed and accumulates in presynaptic vesicles. Synaptic zinc is necessary for neural transmission and is involved in neurogenesis, cognition, memory, and learning. Disruption of zinc homeostasis is associated with several central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. This review explores the correlation between zinc and these disorders, providing potential mechanisms and new insights for prevention and treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Wnuk, Karolina Przepiorska, Bernadeta Angelika Pietrzak, Malgorzata Kajta
Summary: Nuclear- and membrane-initiated estrogen signaling collaborate to regulate the diverse effects of estrogens. Classical estrogen receptors (ERs) control transcriptional activity and most hormonal effects, while membrane ERs (mERs) allow rapid modulation of estrogen signaling and exhibit strong neuroprotective capacity without nuclear ER-related side effects. The extensively studied mER, GPER1, has shown neuroprotection, cognitive improvement, metabolic homeostasis, and vascular protection, but controversy exists due to its involvement in tumorigenesis. Hence, non-GPER-dependent mERs, such as mER alpha and mER beta, have gained attention. These mERs have been found to offer protective effects against brain damage, synaptic plasticity impairment, memory and cognitive dysfunctions, metabolic imbalance, and vascular insufficiency. This suggests their potential as therapeutic targets for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, as they can influence noncoding RNAs and regulate translational status in brain tissue by affecting histones.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Wang Yang, Maoting Zhang, Jian He, Mingfu Gong, Jian Sun, Xiaochao Yang
Summary: This review presents the opportunities and challenges of nanoceria in treating central nervous system (CNS) injury. Nanoceria, with its regenerative and excellent reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) elimination capability, has gained attention. However, traditional antioxidants have limited success, thus the development of new antioxidants remains a challenge for highly effective RONS modulation in CNS injury.
REGENERATIVE BIOMATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhongwu Guo
Summary: GM1 is a major glycosphingolipid on the cell surface in the CNS with a wide range of functions, including cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, signal transduction, memory, and cognition. GM1 is also involved in various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, and may have therapeutic applications in these disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Grace Y. Sun, Xue Geng, Tao Teng, Bo Yang, Michael K. Appenteng, C. Michael Greenlief, James C. Lee
Summary: Phospholipids, key components of cell membranes, are metabolized by phospholipases, with a focus on the roles of three major types of PLA2s in the nervous system.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuyu Shi, Hongze Ren, Yujie Xie, Meihua Yu, Yu Chen, Liqun Yang
Summary: This article provides an overview of advanced nanoengineering technologies for the delivery of neurotherapeutics, explaining how nanotherapeutics overcome the blood-brain barriers for enhanced therapeutic effects in CNS diseases. It discusses typical paradigms of nanomaterials and their impacts on the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
Review
Neurosciences
Yuansheng Fan, Hui Huang, Junfei Shao, Weiyi Huang
Summary: Astrocytes, as abundant glial cells in the human brain, play crucial roles in sustaining the physiological processes of the central nervous system (CNS). Reactive astrocytes, which undergo heterogeneous changes, mediate pathophysiological processes in brain tumors, stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurological disorders. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of reactive astrocytes remain unclear. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs (miRNAs) on reactive astrocytes in CNS diseases, providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Rui Wu, Yanfang Liu, Fang Zhang, Shu Dai, Xinyan Xue, Cheng Peng, Yan Li, Yunxia Li
Summary: Paeonol, the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has various pharmacological effects and shows potential in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as neurological diseases.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biology
R. Julian Preston, Werner Ruhm, Edouard Azzam, John D. Boice, Simon Bouffler, Kathryn D. Held, Mark P. Little, Roy E. Shore, Igor Shuryak, Michael M. Weil
Summary: This contribution aims to review and propose approaches for integrating data from radiation biology and epidemiology studies to enhance low-dose health risk assessment. By leveraging the AOP/KE approach, it suggests developing BBDR models for radiation-induced cancers and circulatory diseases. Tight integration of epidemiology data and radiation biology information is considered necessary to improve low-dose radiation risk estimates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Mark P. Little, Tamara Azizova, Nobuyuki Hamada
Summary: Studies have shown correlations between ionizing radiation and circulatory diseases, cataracts, and other ocular endpoints, with dose-response relationships observed. Additionally, neurological detriment may occur following radiation exposure at low-moderate doses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Evagelia C. Laiakis, Vinita Chauhan, Mark P. Little, Gayle E. Woloschak, Michael M. Weil, Nobuyuki Hamada
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Cato M. Milder, Gerald M. Kendall, Aryana Arsham, Helmut Schollnberger, Richard Wakeford, Harry M. Cullings, Mark P. Little
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mark P. Little, Richard Wakeford, Simon D. Bouffler, Kossi Abalo, Michael Hauptmann, Nobuyuki Hamada, Gerald M. Kendall
Summary: Studies show that there is a significant increase in the risk of cancer and benign neoplasms in infants and children who receive low or moderate levels of radiation. The risks are particularly higher in those exposed to radiation in utero or as children, with brain/CNS tumors, thyroid cancer, and leukemia showing particularly large excess relative risks.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jim Z. Mai, Rui Zhang, Michael R. Sargen, Mark P. Little, Bruce H. Alexander, Margaret A. Tucker, Cari M. Kitahara, Elizabeth K. Cahoon
Summary: This study found that earlier age at menarche and late age at first birth were associated with an increased incidence rate of melanoma. However, other estrogen-related factors and exogenous hormone use were not significantly associated with melanoma incidence.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elizabeth K. Cahoon, Dale Preston, Rui Zhang, Vibha Vij, Mark P. Little, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Vladimir Drozdovitch, Konstantin Chizhov, Vasilina V. Yauseyenka, Alexander Rozhko, Ilya V. Velalkin
Summary: Pregnancy does not increase the risk of breast cancer, but lactation significantly increases the risk among women exposed to radiation in contaminated areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark P. Little, Elizabeth K. Cahoon, Natalia Gudzenko, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Vladimir Drozdovitch, Maureen Hatch, Alina Brenner, Vibha Vij, Konstantin Chizhov, Elena Bakhanova, Natalia Trotsyuk, Victor Kryuchkov, Ivan Golovanov, Vadim Chumak, Dimitry Bazyka
Summary: A study comparing two different methods of dose-error adjustment found that the use of Monte Carlo maximum likelihood adjustment led to increased trend risks, particularly for follicular morphology thyroid cancers. The results also showed that the regression calibration method may not adequately account for the full error distribution. The unexpected finding of increased risks for follicular tumors needs to be replicated in other exposed groups.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mark P. Little, Alina Brenner, Eric J. Grant, Hiromi Sugiyama, Dale L. Preston, Ritsu Sakata, John Cologne, Raquel Velazquez-Kronen, Mai Utada, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Kotaro Ozasa, John D. Olson, Gregory O. Dugan, Simonetta Pazzaglia, J. Mark Cline, Kimberly E. Applegate
Summary: One of the uncertainties in estimating population risk of late effects from epidemiological data is the lack of long-term follow-up studies on radiation-exposed cohorts. Children are generally found to be at higher risk of cancer induction compared to adults for the same radiation dose, but the evidence varies by cancer site. For solid cancers, the excess relative risk tends to decrease with increasing age at exposure. However, there are variations in the degree of risk variation with exposure age for different endpoints.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mark P. Little, Wei Zhang, Roy van Dusen, Nobuyuki Hamada, Michelle Bugden, Meiyun Cao, Kiersten Thomas, Deyang Li, Yi Wang, Megha Chandrashekhar, Mohammad K. Khan, C. Norman Coleman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the proposal of using low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) for the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Researchers have reviewed historical clinical and radiobiological data and explored the relationship between LDRT and immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Gerry M. Kendall, Mark P. Little
JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jim Z. Mai, Cari M. Kitahara, Michael R. Sargen, Mark P. Little, Bruce H. Alexander, Martha S. Linet, Margaret A. Tucker, Elizabeth K. Cahoon
Summary: This study found no significant association between NSAID use and melanoma risk, even in sun-sensitive subgroups.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Correction
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark P. Little, Elizabeth K. Cahoon, Natalia Gudzenko, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Vladimir Drozdovitch, Maureen Hatch, Alina V. Brenner, Vibha Vij, Konstantin Chizhov, Elena Bakhanova, Natalia Trotsyuk, Victor Kryuchkov, Ivan Golovanov, Vadim Chumak, Dimitry Bazyka
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark P. Little, Tamara Azizova, David B. Richardson, Soile Tapio, Marie-Odile Bernier, Michaela Kreuzer, Francis A. Cucinotta, Dimitry Bazyka, Vadim Chumak, Victor K. Ivanov, Lene H. S. Veiga, Alicia Livinski, Kossi Abalo, Lydia B. Zablotska, Andrew J. Einstein, Nobuyuki Hamada
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the radiation associated risks of cardiovascular disease. The results showed a causal association between radiation exposure and cardiovascular disease, especially at high dose. However, the heterogeneity among studies complicates the interpretation of the findings and further research is needed to explore the modifications of radiation effect by lifestyle and medical risk factors.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Mark P. Little, Richard Wakeford, Lydia B. Zablotska, David Borrego, Keith T. Griffin, Rodrigue S. Allodji, Florent de Vathaire, Choonsik Lee, Alina V. Brenner, Jeremy S. Miller, David Campbell, Mark S. Pearce, Siegal Sadetzki, Michele M. Doody, Erik Holmberg, Marie Lundell, Benjamin French, Michael Jacob Adams, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Martha S. Linet
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the risk of leukemia in children exposed to radiation. They found that even at doses below 1 Gy, exposure to radiation increased the risk of developing AML, CML, and ALL.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)