Article
Geography, Physical
Xulong Wang, Jun Peng, Grzegorz Adamiec
Summary: The study showed that the standard SAR protocol underestimates the age of quartz samples from Chinese loess, but the multiple-aliquot regenerative-dose (MAR) protocol can correct this issue effectively.
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Magdalena Biernacka, Alicja Chruscinska, Piotr Palczewski, Pawel Derkowski
Summary: The parameters of traps in quartz play a crucial role in determining the thermal stability and dating range of OSL components. Recent research has found an effective method for separating the fast OSL component in quartz using the thermally modulated OSL (TM-OSL) method. By comparing the trap parameters obtained through different methods, it was found that the values stay consistent for quartz samples from different origins. The new approach of measuring OTDCs with the TM-OSL method enables the best precision and the obtained trap parameters are consistent with literature data.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Mailys Richard, Michael Chazan, Naomi Porat
Summary: The transition from the Earlier Stone Age to the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa is associated with the Fauresmith Industry, characterized by cultural developments like the use of ochre, blade and point production, and hafted spears. However, weak chronological control limits the understanding of this industry's relationship to modern human evolution. Analyses at the Bestwood 1 site in South Africa provide a chronology for the Fauresmith occupation, dating it to 366 +/- 32 ka, and the overlying sand deposits from 350 +/- 22 ka to 226 +/- 13 ka, shedding light on the timing of these cultural developments in the region.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Kyoungseon Min, Hoyong Kim, Hyun June Park, Siseon Lee, Ye Jean Jung, Ji Hyun Yoon, Jin-Suk Lee, Kyoungmoon Park, Young Je Yoo, Jeong Chan Joo
Summary: In this study, the catalytic performance of Bacillus circulans xylanase (Bcx) was enhanced through rational design, resulting in the engineered mutant R49N with improved catalytic efficiency, conformational stability, and production of xylose oligomers. This approach can be applied to enhance the catalytic performance of industrially important enzymes by controlling flexibility.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ning Tang, Jiachen Liu, Yongqiang Cheng
Summary: Improving thermal stability by mutating negatively charged residues to non-negatively charged amino acids is an efficient way for sweet-tasting proteins. The calculated Delta Delta G values were good predictors for thermal stability changes caused by mutations. Promising mutation sites for enhancing thermal stability were identified through saturation mutagenesis.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Alexa Fredston, Malin Pinsky, Rebecca L. Selden, Cody Szuwalski, James T. Thorson, Steven D. Gaines, Benjamin S. Halpern
Summary: By studying the range edge positions of 165 marine fish and invertebrates, it was found that the majority of edges maintained their edge thermal niche over time. However, some edges did not shift, shifted more than predicted, or shifted in the opposite direction, highlighting the multiple factors driving changes in range edge positions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Jianqiao Liang, Yang Yu, Qiang Bian, Wenjie Xu, Zhencheng Wang, Shumao Zhang, Junjie Weng, Jiajian Zhu, Yong Chen, Xiaoyang Hu, Junbo Yang, Zhenrong Zhang
Summary: Metal coatings can protect optical fiber sensors and extend their lifespan in harsh environments. A nickel-coated fiber Bragg grating combined with an air bubble cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer fiber optic sensor was developed for simultaneous high-temperature and strain sensing. The sensor demonstrated successful testing at 545 degrees C for 0-1000 microstrain, and the characteristic matrix was used to separate temperature and strain. With its ability to attach to high-temperature metal surfaces, the metal-coated optical fiber sensor has potential applications in real-world structural health monitoring.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qinghu Guo, Fei Li, Fangquan Xia, Pengbin Wang, Xiaoyi Gao, Hua Hao, Hanxing Liu, Huajun Sun, Shujun Zhang
Summary: By designing the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) with local structural heterogeneity, the research achieved excellent piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature for Sm-modified ferroelectric ceramics, making them suitable for piezoelectric applications requiring high thermal stability over a broad temperature range.
JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Tong Wu, Guoxiang Wang, Andriy Lotnyk, Jinyi Zhu, Yucheng Jiao, Xiang Shen
Summary: The Sb2Se3 and Ti-doped Sb2Se3 phase change thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering. The relationship between resistance drift and crystallization behavior of these thin films was thoroughly investigated. It was found that Ti-5.4(Sb2Se3)(95.4) thin film exhibited a high thermal stability with lower resistance drift coefficient compared to Sb2Se3. The microstructural analysis showed the suppression of large grain growth and the formation of Ti-Sb and Ti-Se bonds, which enhanced the stability of the amorphous Ti-doped thin films. Furthermore, Ti doping promoted one-dimensional growth-dominated crystallization mechanism, resulting in reduced nucleation index.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Fiona Beaty, Alyssa-Lois M. Gehman, Graham Brownlee, Christopher D. G. Harley
Summary: Climate change manifests unevenly across space and time, causing complex patterns of stress for ecological systems. Species populations show different responses to environmental change due to evolutionary processes. This study focused on a marine snail species and discovered that populations from warmer regions are more vulnerable to ocean warming, while populations from cooler regions demonstrate higher adaptability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yucheng Jiao, Guoxiang Wang, Andriy Lotnyk, Tong Wu, Jinyi Zhu, Anyi He
Summary: Ga2S3-alloyed Sb films have been prepared and investigated, displaying higher crystallization temperature, larger ten-year data retention temperature, higher crystallization activation energy, and lower resistance drift coefficient compared to pure Sb films. The enhanced thermal stability is attributed to the formation of high binding energy Sb-S and Sb-Ga bonds. The Ga2S3-alloyed Sb materials show great potential for embedded memory applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Binbin Huang, Zhihua Xue, Xiaolong Fu, Qi-Long Yan
Summary: In the field of energetic materials, achieving a balance between energy density and safety remains a challenging task. Coating and intercalation have been found to be the best and most widely used methods, as they are both safe and cost-effective, with well-controlled procedures.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara J. Smith, Stephanie Mogensen, Tegan N. Barry, Antoine Paccard, Heather A. Jamniczky, Rowan D. H. Barrett, Sean M. Rogers
Summary: Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to predict range shifts, but they may be unreliable under climate change scenarios. This study shows that incorporating the evolution of thermal traits into SDMs significantly alters projected ranges and improves the precision of forecasting range dynamics under climate change.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Gianpaolo Vitale, Giuseppe Lullo, Daniele Scire
Summary: This article investigates the thermal stability issue caused by inductors operated in quasi saturation in dc-dc converters. A mathematical model is established to describe the nonlinearity and temperature dependence, and simulation results are compared with experimental measurements to demonstrate detailed reproduction of the thermal behavior.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Qing Yuan Chen, Fu Rong Liu, Yong Zhi Zhang, Lu Lu Zhang, Yang Bo Lian, Bo Shuo Yin, Quan Long Ma, Kai Rao
Summary: This study proposes a color reflector based on phase-change materials, which allows for adjustable saturation by modifying the structural characteristics and the phase change process. Experimental results show that the saturation range of this color reflector is significantly expanded. The findings are of great importance for the development of color reflectors.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
D. Colarossi, G. A. T. Duller, H. M. Roberts, S. Tooth, G. A. Botha
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
G. A. T. Duller, M. Gunn, H. M. Roberts
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2020)
Article
Geography, Physical
Richard Christopher Chiverrell, Geoff Stephen Powell Thomas, Matthew Burke, Alicia Medialdea, Rachel Smedley, Mark Bateman, Chris Clark, Geoffrey A. T. Duller, Derek Fabel, Geraint Jenkins, Xianjiao Ou, Helen Marie Roberts, James Scourse
Summary: The study reconstructs the last advance and retreat of the Irish Sea Glacier (ISG), showing the formation of time-transgressive moraines and bedrock-dammed basins during its retreat. The coherent chronology obtained from glacial sediments reveals an early development of ice during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Greenland Stadial 5, followed by retreat and readvance of ice from Welsh during GS-2. The research highlights the complex interplay between climate, ice piracy, and glacial dynamics.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
S. Riedesel, A. M. T. Bell, G. A. T. Duller, A. A. Finch, M. Jain, G. E. King, N. J. Pearce, H. M. Roberts
Summary: This paper investigates the relationships between chemistry, structural state and the scale of exsolution with thermoluminescence (TL) emission spectra and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) fading rates in feldspars. The study shows that fading rates are influenced by the Al-Si order in feldspars, with ordered end-member Na and K-feldspars exhibiting lower fading rates. Perthites, as exsolved members, demonstrate greater fading than disordered end-members.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Colm O. Cofaigh, S. Louise Callard, David H. Roberts, Richard C. Chiverrell, C. K. Ballantyne, David J. A. Evans, Margot Saher, Katrien J. J. Van Landeghem, Rachel Smedley, Sara Benetti, Matthew Burke, Chris D. Clark, Geoff A. T. Duller, Derek Fabel, Stephen J. Livingstone, Stephen Mccarron, Alicia Medialdea, Steven G. Moreton, Fabio Sacchetti
Summary: This study reconstructs the retreat of the British-Irish Ice Sheet from the Atlantic shelf west of Ireland during and following the Last Glacial Maximum using marine-geophysical data, sediment cores, and dating techniques. The results show slow rates of ice-sheet retreat during the Late Glacial Period and the ice sheet eventually became largely terrestrially based.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Tom Bradwell, Derek Fabel, Chris D. Clark, Richard C. Chiverrell, David Small, Rachel K. Smedley, Margot H. Saher, Steven G. Moreton, Dayton Dove, S. Louise Callard, Geoff A. T. Duller, Alicia Medialdea, Mark D. Bateman, Matthew J. Burke, Neil McDonald, Sean Gilgannon, Sally Morgan, David H. Roberts, Colm O. Cofaigh
Summary: This study reconstructs the highly dynamic ice-sheet in the last British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) NW sector over the past 45,000 years using various data methods, revealing periods of expansive ice-sheet glaciation dominated by ice-streaming interspersed with periods of much more restricted ice-cap or tidewater/fjordic glaciation.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
J. D. Scourse, R. C. Chiverrell, R. K. Smedley, D. Small, M. J. Burke, M. Saher, K. J. J. Van Landeghem, G. A. T. Duller, C. O. Cofaigh, M. D. Bateman, S. Benetti, S. Bradley, L. Callard, D. J. A. Evans, D. Fabel, G. T. H. Jenkins, S. McCarron, A. Medialdea, S. Moreton, X. Ou, D. Praeg, D. H. Roberts, H. M. Roberts, C. D. Clark
Summary: The BRITICE-CHRONO Project has compiled and analyzed data on ice retreat dynamics in the Celtic and Irish seas, finding that the pace of deglaciation is influenced more by topography and internal ice dynamics than external factors. This research suggests that the retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream was rapid and short-lived, leading to the formation of an extensive dead ice landscape in the English Midlands.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
S. Riedesel, R. Kumar, G. A. T. Duller, H. M. Roberts, A. M. T. Bell, M. Jain
Summary: Feldspars are commonly used in luminescence dating, but the mechanisms involved in luminescence production remain poorly understood. Recent advancements in IRPL technology have identified two electron trapping centres emitting at specific energy levels, but their characteristics are not significantly affected by the chemical composition or structure of the feldspars. Further research is needed to determine the factors driving variations in trap depth and emission energies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Stephen Tooth, Terence S. McCarthy, Geoff A. T. Duller, Mario L. Assine, Piotr Wolski, Grace Coetzee
Summary: This study focuses on the Okavango Delta in Botswana and presents the first luminescence ages for ancient river channels, revealing a period of enhanced fluvial activity between 7,000 and 4,000 years ago. The findings contribute to a better understanding of hydroclimate changes in the Kalahari region and support evidence that significant fluvial transformations occurred in drylands during the mid to late Holocene.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
D. Colton, E. Whitfield, A. J. Plater, G. A. T. Duller, M. Jain, L. Barham
Summary: This study is the first systematic investigation of two distinctive geomorphological features recorded in the central Luangwa River valley, Zambia. It identifies a series of low hills capped by thin gravel deposits containing stratified Stone Age artifacts, as well as more widespread gravels lacking stratified artifacts on the margins of the Luangwa River flood plain. The research suggests that the hilltop deposits are remnants of a dissected land-surface, while the valley floor gravels are redeposited clasts resulting from down-cutting, potentially originating from debris flows from a distant escarpment.
Article
Geography, Physical
Mark G. Macklin, Jonathan Booth, Paul A. Brewer, Stephen Tooth, Geoff A. T. Duller
Summary: This study reports on a multi-millennial, multi-catchment field experiment in southwestern Crete, investigating the impact of a high-magnitude earthquake on catchment geomorphology. The findings suggest that the river responses following the earthquake did not follow the complex response trajectories as predicted by previous models, highlighting the need for rigorous evaluation of other catchment or river response concepts.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Julie A. Durcan, Geoff A. T. Duller
Summary: This study focuses on the intrinsic variability of single quartz OSL signals, using an EMCCD system for signal detection and imaging, and curve deconvolution to calculate photo ionisation cross-sections for single grain quartz signals. The results show intra-sample variability in single grain quartz luminescence signals.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. Gunn, G. A. T. Duller, H. M. Roberts
Summary: The new InfraRed PhotoLuminescence (IRPL) signal in feldspar offers a promising alternative to the well-established OSL method for dating purposes. However, the exploitation of this signal has been hindered by a large background signal. A new IRPL detection attachment has been developed to improve the signal to background ratio.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kirsty E. H. Penkman, Geoff A. T. Duller, Helen M. Roberts, Debra Colarossi, Marc R. Dickinson, Dustin White
Summary: This review discusses two different dating approaches - trapped charge and amino acid geochronology - that utilize time-dependent changes in crystal signals to establish a chronology for Paleolithic remains. The diverse range of signals provides more information than just a chronology and allows for internal consistency checks.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
L. Barham, G. A. T. Duller, I. Candy, C. Scott, C. R. Cartwright, J. R. Peterson, C. Kabukcu, M. S. Chapot, F. Melia, V. Rots, N. George, N. Taipale, P. Gethin, P. Nkombwe
Summary: This study reports on the earliest evidence of structural use of wood at an archaeological site in Zambia, expanding the age range of woodworking in Africa and providing insights into the technical abilities of early hominins.
Article
Geography, Physical
Monika Devi, Naveen Chauhan, Ashok K. Singhvi
Summary: Devi et al. (2022) suggested that post-violet infrared stimulated luminescence (pVIRSL) of K-feldspars has a near zero athermal fading rate. This study investigates the mechanism and suitability of the pVIRSL signal for dating applications. The results show that pVIRSL is a recuperated signal resulting from the eviction and recapture of charges in deep traps by violet stimulation and subsequent infrared stimulation. The pVIR-SAR protocol worked well for dating seven K-feldspar samples from various depositional environments.
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Geography, Physical
Chloe Baldreki, Andrew Burnham, Martina Conti, Lucy Wheeler, Michael J. Simms, Lawrence Barham, Tom S. White, Kirsty Penkman
Summary: Aragonitic calcium carbonate mollusc shells with complex shell microstructures can be used for amino acid geochronologies in Africa. Different microstructural shell layers may have different protein compositions, requiring sampling strategies. The 3AL shell portion showed closer adherence to closed-system behavior and demonstrated the potential of fossil achatinids for building relative amino acid geochronologies across Africa.
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Geography, Physical
Patrick Chiroiu, Alexandru L. Onaca, Adrien Favillier, Mircea Voiculescu, Christophe Corona, Petru Urdea, Markus Stoffel
Summary: Snow avalanches present a constant threat to mountainous regions worldwide, and understanding past avalanche events is crucial for managing and mitigating avalanche hazards and risks. In this study, dendrogeomorphic techniques were used to analyze 17 avalanche paths in a small region of the Fagaras Mountains. The analysis reconstructed 174 snow avalanche years across all paths and revealed widespread avalanche occurrence in the study area. The study emphasizes the importance of investigating multiple avalanche paths in a small, homogeneous area to gain a better understanding of snow avalanche activity at both path-scale and mountain range-scale.
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2024)
