Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Congwei Yu, Ming Zhao, Zuchen Pan, Yiyang Bo, Weiwei Zhao, Xiongkui He, Jiaheng Zhang
Summary: Acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) is a global health issue that attacks acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and causes harm. Utilizing BChE nanodepots (nBChE) has been shown to effectively block the attack on AChE and demonstrate prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Guangcai Yu, Yaqian Li, Tianzi Jian, Longke Shi, Siqi Cui, Liwen Zhao, Xiangdong Jian, Baotian Kan
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed six cases of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) with cardiac arrest and explored the prognostic factors and effective treatments. The study found that cardiac arrest in severe AOPP patients may be caused by inadequate or untimely administration of antidotes. Timely use of atropine and pralidoxine is crucial for successful treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ensiyeh Taheri, Mohammad Mehdi Amin, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Roya Kelishadi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the health risks of exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) among pregnant women in Isfahan province, Iran. The concentration of 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), the major metabolite of CPF, was measured in urine samples from 110 pregnant women. TCP was detected in over 70% of the samples, indicating widespread exposure. The estimated daily intake of CPF exceeded the suggested reference dose for chronic exposure in some participants, and Monte-Carlo analysis revealed that chronic toxic effects are expected in at least 20% of the study population.
Article
Toxicology
Rakesh Ghimire, Leah Utyasheva, Manisha Pokhrel, Neshan Rai, Birendra Chaudhary, Pratap Narayan Prasad, Sangha Ratna Bajracharya, Bhupendra Basnet, Krishna Deo Das, Nandu Kumar Pathak, Madan Prasad Baral, Rajan Pande, Pramod Paudel, Sanu Krishna Shrestha, Sumana Bajracharya, Ritesh Chaudhary, Gyanendra Bahadur Malla, Dilli Ram Sharma, Buddha Basnyat, Mahesh Kumar Maskey, Michael Eddleston
Summary: Intentional pesticide poisoning is a significant issue in agricultural communities in Nepal, with bans on highly hazardous pesticides showing potential to reduce suicides. The data from hospitals and forensic laboratories identified aluminum phosphide as the most commonly lethal pesticide causing deaths. This study highlights the importance of improving medical record systems and collaborating with forensic toxicology laboratories to monitor the impact of pesticide bans in reducing fatalities.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Lai Fong Chan, Song Jie Chin, Tsui Huei Loo, Ravivarma Rao Panirselvam, Shu-Sen Chang, Hwei Yuen Chang, Anissa Raudhah Mokhzani, Farynna Hana Ab Rahman, Leah Utyasheva, Michael Eddleston
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of pesticide poisoning patients admitted to two Malaysian hospitals and the early impact of the national paraquat ban implemented on 1st January 2020. The majority of pesticide poisoning cases were self-poisoning, with a higher proportion among the Indian ethnic minority. Domestic interpersonal conflicts were the most common socio-environmental stressors, and paraquat poisoning accounted for the majority of fatalities. After the paraquat ban, there was a decrease in the proportion of pesticide poisoning cases using paraquat and a slight reduction in overall case-fatality.
Article
Oncology
Yan Sun, Yuhua Yang, Zhifang Zhang, Yunxia Li, Yanyan Hu, Ning Wang
Summary: The study showed that in organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients, early enteral nutrition combined with PSS-based nursing can effectively control blood glucose, improve nutritional disorders, promote recovery, and reduce complications.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Lekaashree Rambabu, Fahim Mohamed, Jeevan Dhanarisi, Indika Gawarammana, Jacques Raubenheimer, Lorraine Mackenzie, Michael S. Roberts, Nicholas Buckley, Michael Eddleston
Summary: Phethoate self-poisoning has a 6.5% case fatality rate. Most patients who experience respiratory failure undergo early intubation; most deaths occurred among those patients who were intubated less than 24 h after ingestion. There was a non-sustained increase in cholinesterase activity with pralidoxime, but further studies are required to analyse the extent to which oximes are clinically effective in phenthoate self-poisoning.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongshuai Kan, Tiecheng Wang, Jinxian Yu, Guangzhou Qu, Peng Zhang, Hanzhong Jia, Hongwen Sun
Summary: The study found that using microwave-activated persulfate (MW/PS) oxidation can effectively degrade organophosphorus pesticides like parathion in contaminated soil. The oxidation products generated in the MW/PS system play a crucial role in the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides. Suitable treatment conditions include larger persulfate dosage, higher microwave temperature, and appropriate soil moisture.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiangqiang Zhan, Yue Tang, Yuanyuan Liu, Han Tao, Yuangen Wu
Summary: A simple, stable, and rapid colorimetric method was proposed to detect pesticide residues in vegetables based on the oxidase-mimicking activity of cube-shape Ag2O. The method exhibited high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and good recovery in various vegetables, suggesting its potential application in food pesticide detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mikhail Syromyatnikov, Ekaterina Nesterova, Tatiana Smirnova, Vasily Popov
Summary: The study found that Methylene blue can act as an antidote to alleviate the toxic effects of pesticides on bumble bee mitochondria by stimulating mitochondrial respiration, increasing respiration, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. The mechanism of action is likely related to its ability to shunt electron flow in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuzhou Sun, Jinchao Wei, Jian Zou, Zehua Cheng, Zhongming Huang, Liqiang Gu, Zhangfeng Zhong, Shengliang Li, Yitao Wang, Peng Li
Summary: This study introduces a new electrochemical sensor based on CeO2 nanozyme for detecting organophosphate pesticide. The CeO2 nanozyme-modified electrode shows a wider linear range and lower detection limit under optimized conditions.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Wei Yuan, Chenyang Wan, Jingjing Zhang, Qisheng Li, Peng Zhang, Ke Zheng, Qian Zhang, Caifeng Ding
Summary: A near-infrared fluorescent probe was developed to monitor BChE activity with high sensitivity and selectivity. The probe can be used in complex biological systems and shows potential for detecting pesticide residue in food samples. It could be an alternative candidate for monitoring environmental pollution.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
He Li, Xue Huang, Jingcheng Huang, Mengyuan Bai, Mengjiao Hu, Yemin Guo, Xia Sun
Summary: In this study, a rapid and sensitive fluorescence assay was developed for detecting organophosphorus pesticides. The assay utilized TAMRA-labeled aptamer and cDNA with extended guanine bases, and upon binding to the pesticide, the TAMRA fluorescence was recovered. The method showed good sensitivity and was successfully applied for the analysis of profenofos in vegetables.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Han Zhao, Ruyu Li, Tingting Zhang, Lijie Zhou, Longgang Wang, Zengsheng Han, Sihang Liu, Jin Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the application of AP-Ptn NFs extracted from aloe vera in the detection of organophosphorus pesticides. The colorimetric biosensor exhibits a wider detection range and good selectivity, showing potential for bioassay analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Shijun Chen, Yahui Zhang, Yanru Wei, Qingqi Guo, Lian Gan
Summary: The extensive and inappropriate use of organophosphorus pesticide methidathion (MD) has posed a threat to the safety of aquatic systems. A 12-day stress trial was conducted to investigate the effects of waterborne MD on Nile tilapia. The results showed that MD inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, induced oxidative stress, and caused damage to the liver and gills of the fish. MD also affected the expression of certain genes related to stress and detoxification processes.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2023)
Letter
Toxicology
A. L. Chiew, N. A. Buckley
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Kate M. Chitty, Rachael C. Cvejic, Teresa Heintze, Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, Kirsten Morley, Andrew Dawson, Gregory Carter, Michael Dinh, Nicholas A. Buckley, Julian N. Trollor
Summary: This study investigated the association between problematic alcohol and/or drug use and the incidence of self-harm and suicidal ideation. The results showed that individuals with problematic alcohol use and drug use were more likely to have subsequent episodes of self-harm and suicidal ideation within a year. Problematic alcohol users were also more likely to be assigned to the most urgent triage categories.
CRISIS-THE JOURNAL OF CRISIS INTERVENTION AND SUICIDE PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriele Horn, Tamara Kranawetvogl, Harald John, Carlotta Weigel, Ursula Rauen, Franz Worek, Timo Wille
Summary: Oximes-induced liver toxicity was examined using human three-dimensional HepaRG spheroids as a complex in vitro model. The results showed that cold storage at 4 degrees C preserved the viability of the liver spheroids in optimized tissue preservation solutions, but resulted in complete loss of viability in standard culture medium. In addition, it was found that there is a potential risk of liver injury when oxime antidotes are strongly overdosed.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Eileen Deuster, John A. Tomenson, Fahim Mohamed, Indika Gawarammana, Nicholas A. Buckley, Martin F. Wilks, Michael Eddleston
Summary: This study validated the relationship between reported dose and blood paraquat concentration, and investigated whether vomiting occurred within 30 minutes and its association with outcomes in patients with paraquat poisoning. The results showed a linear trend between reported dose and plasma paraquat concentration. Vomiting within 30 minutes was associated with a higher risk of death and larger paraquat ingestions. Overall, there was no evidence of benefit resulting from the use of emetics in the current production standard for paraquat SL formulation.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Jesko Kaiser, Christoph G. W. Gertzen, Tamara Bernauer, Georg Hoefner, Karin Niessen, Thomas Seeger, Franz F. Paintner, Klaus T. Wanner, Franz Worek, Horst Thiermann, Holger Gohlke
Summary: Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are highly toxic and can block acetylcholine esterase (AChE), leading to overstimulation of acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Current treatment options are insufficient, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches. The bispyridinium non-oxime MB327 has been found to interact directly with nAChRs, potentially through allosteric mechanisms. In this study, a new allosteric binding pocket (MB327-PAM-1) for MB327 was identified at the transition of the extracellular to the transmembrane region. The interaction of MB327 at this site suggests its potential as a novel treatment target, as it can interact with multiple nAChR subtypes from different species. Furthermore, modifications of MB327 resulted in more potent resensitizers PTM0062 and PTM0063.
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Tamara Kranawetvogl, Andreas Kranawetvogl, Lisa Scheidegger, Timo Wille, Dirk Steinritz, Franz Worek, Horst Thiermann, Harald John
Summary: A microbore liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to detect three albumin-derived biomarkers for the analysis of VX nerve agent exposure. The stability and identification limit of the biomarkers were evaluated, and a dipeptide disulfide biomarker (Cys(34)(-DPAET)Pro) showed the highest performance. In vivo experiments confirmed the time-dependent concentration increase of Cys(34)(-DPAET)Pro after subcutaneous exposure in rats.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Job, Anja Kohler, Andreas Eichinger, Mauricio Testanera, Benjamin Escher, Franz Worek, Arne Skerra
Summary: Neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) can be extremely dangerous when misused. A potential treatment involves using an enzyme to break down the nerve agent into harmless substances. The bacterium Brevundimonas diminuta (BdPTE) has been studied for its potential in this area. Engineering studies have led to improved versions of BdPTE with high catalytic efficiency. Unexpectedly, the crystal structure of a highly active variant revealed a new conformation in the active site region, leading to further amino acid exchanges and optimization of the enzyme for OP nerve agent detoxification.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jonathan Brett, Malcolm B. Gillies, Nicholas A. Buckley, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Helga Zoega
Summary: This study uses data from the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, and coronial records to examine trends in antipsychotic use and harms in Australia. The results indicate increasing use and associated poisonings for quetiapine and olanzapine. The study also identifies different patterns of antipsychotic use among the population.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Angela L. L. Chiew, Geoffrey K. K. Isbister, Paul Stathakis, Katherine Z. Z. Isoardi, Colin Page, Kirsty Ress, Betty S. H. Chan, Nicholas A. A. Buckley
Summary: The concentrations of APAP metabolites can predict the onset of hepatotoxicity in patients with acute APAP poisoning. Patients who developed hepatotoxicity had higher concentrations of CYP pathway metabolites and lower concentrations of sulfation metabolites. APAP metabolites may have potential roles in identifying and treating patients with APAP poisoning.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Niko Amend, Horst Thiermann, Franz Worek, Timo Wille
Summary: Isolated organ models are valuable for studying the effects of opioids, and in this study, a rat small bowel model was established to evaluate the effects of carfentanil, remifentanil, and U-48800. The IC50 values of these opioids were determined, and the administration of antagonist drugs shifted the dose-response curves. This model provides a robust alternative to electrical stimulation for studying opioid effects in the small bowel.
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Andrea L. Schaffer, Natasa Gisev, Fiona M. Blyth, Nicholas A. Buckley, David Currow, Timothy A. Dobbins, Andrew Wilson, Louisa Degenhardt, Sallie-Anne Pearson
Summary: We analyzed opioid prescribing patterns among medical practitioners in New South Wales, Australia from 2013 to 2018. Our findings revealed substantial variations in opioid prescribing, which were clustered into four general patterns. Some prescribing patterns were concerning and may potentially harm patients. These findings provide insights for targeted interventions to address potentially harmful practices.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Substance Abuse
Sara Allaf, Jessy S. Lim, Nicholas A. Buckley, Rose Cairns
Summary: Many countries have legalized medicinal and recreational cannabis, but this study found that there has been an increase in cannabis poisoning after legalization/decriminalization, especially among pediatric patients.
Article
Toxicology
Varan Perananthan, Thilini Wijerathna, Fahim Mohamed, Indika Bandara Gawarammana, Andrew Dawson, Nicholas A. Buckley
Summary: This study evaluated the increase in plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein concentration after ingestion of various poisons, providing a foundation for further exploration of enterocyte damage in toxicology.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annabelle S. Chidiac, Nicholas A. Buckley, Firouzeh Noghrehchi, Rose Cairns
Summary: Paracetamol overdose is a common and potentially life-threatening condition, with hepatotoxicity being the major concern. This review provides a comprehensive summary of paracetamol overdose, including its mechanisms, risk factors, and treatment. The epidemiology of paracetamol overdose worldwide is also discussed.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Juliana de Oliveira Costa, Jialing Lin, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Nicholas A. Buckley, Andrea L. Schaffer, Michael O. Falster
Summary: This study in Australia examined persistence and adherence to cardiovascular medications. Findings showed that many people discontinued treatment within 90 days, with half discontinuing within the first year. Although many achieved high adherence within the first year, adherence rates were even higher when measured from first to last dispensing. Persistence was low at 3 years. Age and cardiovascular multimedicine use were factors associated with higher persistence and adherence.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
