Article
Psychiatry
Alessandra Carta, Isabella Vainieri, Anna-Sophie Rommel, Alessandro Zuddas, Jonna Kuntsi, Stefano Sotgiu, Nicoletta Adamo
Summary: This study found that children with ADHD have lower effortful control, higher negative affectivity, and lower awakening cortisol levels compared to controls, but no difference in surgency-extraversion. Furthermore, the poor emotional and cognitive self-regulation associated with ADHD symptoms is not related to the under-arousal typically seen in ADHD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tobias Stalder, Sonia J. Lupien, Brigitte M. Kudielka, Emma K. Adam, Jens C. Pruessner, Stefan Wuest, Samantha Dockray, Nina Smyth, Phil Evans, Clemens Kirschbaum, Robert Miller, Mark A. Wetherell, Johannes B. Finke, Tim Klucken, Angela Clow
Summary: This article reports a critical evaluation and update of current cortisol awakening response (CAR) methodology, presenting an updated and streamlined version of the CAR consensus guidelines. A quantitative evaluation of CAR research shows limited improvement in implementing core recommendations, but evidence confirms the accuracy of the original guidelines. Furthermore, recent technological advances offer potential cost-saving methods for CAR assessment in future research.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicole P. Bowles, Saurabh S. Thosar, Matthew P. Butler, Noal A. Clemons, LaTroy D. Robinson, Omar H. Ordaz, Maya X. Herzig, Andrew W. McHill, Sean P. M. Rice, Jonathan Emens, Steven A. Shea
Summary: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) shows a robust circadian rhythm that is influenced by the circadian system. This rhythm persists even after adjusting for prior sleep, suggesting the importance of circadian factors in the physiological response to waking. This has implications for shift workers who wake up at unusual circadian phases and may experience diminished responses to stressors.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yesol Moon, Eunil Lee, Seoeun Lee, Gwang-Ic Son, Hangjin Byeon, Hyang-Ree Shin, Baatar Bolortsetseg
Summary: Recent studies have found that the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is associated with various health risks. This study investigated the factors affecting CAR and found that sleep efficiency and obesity influenced average cortisol levels in the morning (AVE) and the total area under the curve of cortisol levels (AUCg), while factors such as age affected the area under the curve of cortisol levels with respect to increase (AUCi). Furthermore, a marine retreat program was shown to improve CAR levels related to obesity and aging.
Article
Neurosciences
Natalie Thomas, Abdul-Rahman Hudaib, Marco Romano-Silva, Kiymet Bozaoglu, Elizabeth H. X. Thomas, Susan Rossell, Jayashri Kulkarni, Caroline Gurvich
Summary: This study used mathematical equation modelling to explore the relationship between diurnal cortisol levels and telomere length within the context of sex. Results showed significant sex differences, with males demonstrating a positive correlation and females a negative correlation between cortisol awakening responses and telomere length. This suggests that when investigating telomere length, factors such as sex and sex hormones need to be carefully considered.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
D. Braun, M. Frank, L. Theiler, K. Petrowski
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the hormonal stress burden of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service, finding a significantly higher stress load on working days. Professional years and gender were also found to be statistically significant for the cortisol level of emergency physicians.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arafat Nasser, Brice Ozenne, Emma Sofie Hogsted, Peter Steen Jensen, Vibe G. Frokjaer
Summary: This study assessed the reliability and validity of using 3-sample AUCi versus 5-sample AUCi in healthy and case individuals. The results showed that collecting three samples at 0-30-60 min provided similar AUCi estimates compared to five samples, but with smaller effect sizes and standard errors.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Linda McAuliffe, Bradley J. Wright, Agnes Hazi, Glynda J. Kinsella
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between perceived stress and pre-clinical indices of ill-health among dementia caregivers, finding that social support may play a moderating role in this relationship.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Daryl B. O'Connor, Dawn Branley-Bell, Jessica A. Green, Eamonn Ferguson, Ronan E. O'Carroll, Rory C. O'Connor
Summary: The study examined how trait resilience, social support, socially prescribed perfectionism, trait worry and trait impulsivity influenced the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in individuals vulnerable to suicide. Findings showed that the suicide vulnerability group had higher levels of worry, socially prescribed perfectionism and impulsivity, as well as lower levels of resilience and social support compared to the control group. Lower resilience and higher perfectionism, worry and impulsivity were associated with smaller total CAR.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Elpida Artemiou, Pippa Hutchison, Marcus Machado, Daria Ellis, Jennifer Bradtke, Mary Mauldin Pereira, Julia Carter, Don Bergfelt
Summary: The study suggests that interactions between students and young donkeys can reduce anxiety levels psychologically, but have no significant impact on the salivary cortisol levels of the donkeys. More research is needed to further understand the benefits of student-donkey interactions.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Gianandrea Pallich, Susanne Fischer, Roberto La Marca, Martin Grosse Holtforth, Barbara Hochstrasser
Summary: In patients with stress-related major depression, a subgroup of non-responders exhibits altered functioning of stress-responsive bodily systems. These non-responders have higher post-awakening alpha-amylase activity and this activity increases significantly over the course of treatment, while post-awakening cortisol is not a predictor or indicator of treatment response. Future research may confirm alpha-amylase activity as a modulator of treatment response, which could benefit this subgroup of patients.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rabia Semsi, Umut Kokbas, Burak Arslan, Erdal Ergunol, Levent Kayrin, Aylin Sepici Dincel
Summary: The study compared salivary cortisol and amylase levels measured by three different analytical methods to discuss stress level alterations in samples. The biosensor method showed good correlation with ELISA in determining salivary cortisol levels and could be offered as an alternative to ELISA due to its effectiveness, cost-efficiency, speed, and specificity.
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Shabaz Sendi, Susanne Fischer, Andrew Papadopoulos, Lucia Poon, Lena J. J. Rane, Abebaw Fekadu, Valeria Mondelli, Anthony J. J. Cleare
Summary: This study found that patients with major depressive disorder have higher cortisol levels after awakening compared to healthy controls, but this difference only exists in patients reporting childhood trauma. The results suggest that early life stress may impact the biological markers of individuals with major depressive disorder. Therefore, tailored treatments may be needed for this population.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Cory J. Coehoorn, J. Patrick Neary, Olave E. Krigolson, Thomas W. Service, Lynneth A. Stuart-Hill
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of rapid heat stress on the rate of salivary cortisol appearance and found that rapid heat stress leads to an increased rate of salivary cortisol appearance.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Pamela Villavicencio, Cristina Bravo, Antoni Ibarz, Silvia Sole
Summary: This study found that males and females exhibit different physiological and psychological responses when facing stressors. Males showed significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle, while females exhibited significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle and lower self-confidence levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shanshan Xiao, Natalie C. Ebner, Amirhossein Manzouri, Tie-Qiang Li, Diana S. Cortes, Kristoffer N. T. Mansson, Hakan Fischer
Summary: The mechanisms through which intranasal oxytocin affects the brain are not fully understood, but recent research suggests that brain regions with a higher density of oxytocin receptors may play a key role. This study used resting-state fMRI to investigate the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on connectivity between these receptor-enriched regions and other regions in the brain, and found that the effects varied depending on the age of the participants.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lisa Haase, Antonia Vehlen, Julia Strojny, Gregor Domes
Summary: This study found no significant changes in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) over the menstrual cycle, and no significant association with variations in estradiol and progesterone. These results suggest that CAR is largely robust against hormonal variations across the menstrual cycle.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Derek Schaeuble, Tyler Wallace, Sebastian A. Pace, Shane T. Hentges, Brent Myers
Summary: Depression and cardiovascular disease are influenced by daily life stress, but the biological mechanisms behind this connection are not well understood. This study shows that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a role in regulating stress responses and behavior, with sex-specific effects. In males, the vmPFC-PH circuitry promotes positive motivation and reduces stress responses, while in females it elevates stress responses. This suggests that cortical regulation of stress reactivity and behavior is mediated by projections to the hypothalamus in a sex-specific manner.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose M. Guzman, Montana H. Boone, Gabriela L. Suarez, Colter Mitchell, Christopher S. Monk, Luke W. Hyde, Nestor L. Lopez-Duran
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased life stress and internalizing disorders, with a disproportionate impact on women. This study focused on the neuroendocrinology of stress-related disorders and found that women have lower cortisol responses and higher DHEA responses to stress. However, lower cortisol and higher DHEA are associated with internalizing disorders in women, while the opposite is true in men. The study also examined the relationship between COVID-related stress and internalizing symptoms and found gender differences in the association between DHEA and cortisol and internalizing outcomes. These findings suggest distinct neuroendocrine pathways for stress-related disorders in young men and women.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meriah L. Dejoseph, Keira B. Leneman, Alyssa R. Palmer, Emily R. Padrutt, Otiti A. Mayo, Daniel Berry
Summary: Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of the stress response system. This study found a modest positive relation between the adrenocortical and sympathetic systems, as well as between the adrenocortical and parasympathetic systems. The strength of these associations varied based on methodological and sociodemographic characteristics.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiong Xiang, Jia-Sheng Tao, Shuai Dong, Xiao-Lin Liu, Liang Yang, Li-Ni Liu, Jing Deng, Xian-Hui Li
Summary: Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates the pathological process of cognitive dysfunction, but the heterogeneity of hippocampal cells under long-term high glucose conditions is not well known. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on diabetic mice, and distinct cell sub-clusters and important genes involved in neuroplasticity regulation were identified.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roger Mcintosh, Hannah Hoogerwoerd, Salman S. Ahmad, Cassandra Michel, Kaitlyn Dillon, Mahendra Kumar, Gail Ironson
Summary: The study found that a 4-session guided written emotional disclosure intervention led to significant reductions in total output and concentration of epinephrine in urine for up to 6 months in individuals living with HIV. This effect was especially pronounced in women. However, there were no significant changes in norepinephrine output in urine.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meredith Gruhn, Adam Bryant Miller, Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Sophia Martin, Matthew G. Clayton, Matteo Giletta, Paul D. Hastings, Matthew K. Nock, Karen D. Rudolph, George M. Slavich, Mitchell J. Prinstein, Margaret A. Sheridan
Summary: This study investigates how early life adversity characterized by threat impacts the association between neural activity and cortisol production during emotion processing. The results suggest that threat exposure may moderate the relationship between neural activation and cortisol response.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)