Editorial Material
Immunology
Peter L. Wang, Rafael S. Czepielewski, Gwendalyn J. Randolph
Summary: The nervous system plays crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that lymph nodes are innervated by unique peptidergic nociceptors, signaling to various cell types within the lymph nodes.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Allen W. Lynch, Christina Theodoris, Henry Long, Myles Brown, X. Shirley Liu, Clifford A. Meyer
Summary: MIRA is a comprehensive methodology that compares gene expression and chromatin accessibility in single cells to infer regulatory mechanisms driving cell fate transitions. It models cell states and regulatory potential of gene loci to represent cell states in an efficient and interpretable latent space, and reveals the variable influence of local accessibility on transcription at different gene loci.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tamara Giles-Vernick
Summary: This article points out that past land use and human health interventions have cumulative effects on the emergence and re-emergence of diseases. Global health institutions and actors have overlooked multiple epidemics in Africa and other regions. These articles also emphasize the ethical considerations of agricultural, conservation, and health interventions, reminding us of the colonial and postcolonial extractive relations and racist assumptions in Africa's history.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nima Khalighinejad, Sanjay Manohar, Masud Husain, Matthew F. S. Rushworth
Summary: Decision-making involves choosing actions, as well as determining when and whether to initiate them. Different brain regions, such as DRN, BF, and ACC, contribute to different stages of decision-making, with 5-HT and ACh playing complementary roles.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenichiro Shimazaki, Takehiro Yajima, Hiroyuki Ichikawa, Tadasu Sato
Summary: The study demonstrated the presence of GAL-immunoreactive cells and nerve fibers in the rat dura mater, suggesting a potential role of GAL in nociceptive transmission or modulation as well as immune mechanisms of the dura mater. GAL was commonly expressed in the cerebral falx and cerebellar dura mater, with co-expression of CGRP-immunoreactivity, and in a substantial proportion of sensory neurons innervating the dura mater in the trigeminal ganglion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Siyuan Zhao, Xin Tang, Weiwen Tian, Sebastian Partarrieu, Ren Liu, Hao Shen, Jaeyong Lee, Shiqi Guo, Zuwan Lin, Jia Liu
Summary: The authors developed flexible, unfolded mesh electronics that can be implanted in multiple brain regions of mice. The probes have minimal immune response and electrode drift, allowing stable recording of single-unit action potentials from the same neurons during the adult life of animals. This long-term stable recording is important for neuroscience research and biomedical applications, as current implantable devices cannot achieve this level of stability.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yan Xiao, Laura J. Hoodless, Luigi Petrucco, Ruben Portugues, Tim Czopka
Summary: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells have a regulatory role in the precise formation of retinal ganglion cell arbors and visual processing. They can fine-tune neural circuits independently of their canonical role to make myelin.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Megan Goyal, Andrea S. Bordt, Jay Neitz, David W. Marshak
Summary: Microglial cells in the retina play a crucial role in maintaining normal structure and function by engulfing pieces of neurons and glial cells, potentially promoting antigen-specific tolerance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Robin J. Kleiman, Sandra J. Engle
Summary: Over the past decade, the biopharmaceutical industry has slowly but steadily adopted human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to develop humanized model systems for testing new therapeutic molecules and drug modalities. The industry's adoption of hiPSC-based models has significantly increased in the past 3-5 years, driven by the availability of high-quality human genetic data and the emergence of human-specific therapeutic modalities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ze Zhang, Yehua Li, Xueyuan Lv, Linlin Zhao, Xiaodong Wang
Summary: The study revealed that activation of ventrolateral medulla (VLM) catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the mouse brain significantly alters tumor growth in various tumor models. Specific ablation or inhibition of these neurons slows down tumor progression, while chemogenetic activation promotes tumor growth. The regulatory effect of VLM CA neuron ablation on tumors is mediated by the adaptive immune system, as shown by experiments with immune-deficient mice and CD8* T cell depletion. Additionally, VLM CA neuronal ablation has an additive antitumor effect when combined with paclitaxel treatment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin H. Berryer, Matthew Tegtmeyer, Loic Binan, Vera Valakh, Anna Nathanson, Darina Trendafilova, Ethan Crouse, Jenny A. Klein, Daniel Meyer, Olli Pietilainen, Francesca Rapino, Samouil L. Farhi, Lee L. Rubin, Steven A. Mccarroll, Ralda Nehme, Lindy E. Barrett
Summary: Emerging evidence and the relative inaccessibility of human brain tissue highlight the usefulness of human pluripotent stem cell technologies for studying human astrocytes. Researchers have developed a rapid and scalable method for generating functional human induced astrocytes (hiAs) that exhibit typical astrocyte characteristics and can be used for disease modeling. These hiAs provide a valuable resource for studying astrocyte function and dysfunction.
Review
Cell Biology
Luwei Nie, Dabao Yao, Shiling Chen, Jingyi Wang, Chao Pan, Dongcheng Wu, Na Liu, Zhouping Tang
Summary: Due to the limited capacity of the adult mammalian brain to self-repair and regenerate, neurological diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and stroke, are often considered as refractory diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to differentiate into specific neural cell types and offer new approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases. This review outlines the advances in generating different neuronal lineage subtypes from NSCs and summarizes their therapeutic effects in neurological disease models, focusing on Parkinson's disease and ischemic stroke. The strengths and weaknesses of different sources of NSCs and methods of directed differentiation are compared, and future research directions for NSCs in regenerative medicine are proposed.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kang Wang, Zhengyang Zhang, Hsiang-i Tsai, Yanfang Liu, Jie Gao, Ming Wang, Lian Song, Xiongfeng Cao, Zhanxue Xu, Hongbo Chen, Aihua Gong, Dongqing Wang, Fang Cheng, Haitao Zhu
Summary: Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death, has been implicated as a potential target for cancer therapy. The identification of BCAT2 as a regulator of ferroptosis suggests a novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming cancer resistance. Targeting BCAT2 may hold promise for enhancing the effectiveness of ferroptosis-inducing therapies in cancer treatment.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ali Ahmadi, Mohammad Balood, Katiane Roversi, Maryam Ahmadi, Moutih Rafei, Sebastien Talbot
Summary: Somatosensory neurons detect noxious stimuli and interact with the immune system to protect homeostasis. Recent studies show that they directly respond to foreign antigens, immune cell-derived cytokines, and microbes. The release of neuropeptides by nociceptors can control inflammation. Sensory neurons also interact with immune cells through cell-cell contact.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiaxi Hu, Yiming Shi, Jiaming Zhang, Xinfeng Huang, Qian Wang, Hang Zhao, Jiawei Shen, Zhiping Chen, Wei Song, Ping Zheng, Shulu Zhan, Yanping Sun, Pengfei Cai, Kai An, Changjie Ouyang, Baizhen Zhao, Qixin Zhou, Lin Xu, Wei Xiong, Zhi Zhang, Jianjun Meng, Jutao Chen, Yuqian Ma, Huan Zhao, Mei Zhang, Kun Qu, Ji Hu, Minhua Luo, Fuqiang Xu, Xiaowei Chen, Ying Xiong, Jin Bao, Tian Xue
Summary: The early light sensation plays an important role in cortical synaptogenesis and the development of learning ability in infants, which depends on the activation of ipRGCs and the release of oxytocin.