Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vaibhav Upadhyay, Peter J. Turnbaugh
Summary: The metabolism of nicotine by gut bacteria plays a significant role in protecting against liver disease.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hanna P. Wallin, Mika Gissler, Paivi E. Korhonen, Mikael O. Ekblad
Summary: This study found a correlation between maternal smoking and an increased prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy. However, this association was attenuated in the pregnancy-pair analysis. This suggests that the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and adverse maternal health effects might be more complex than previously thought.
ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrea L. Hobkirk, Vishal Midya, Nicolle M. Krebs, Sophia I. Allen, Lisa Reinhart, Dongxiao Sun, Andrea L. Stennett, Joshua E. Muscat
Summary: The study investigated the intraindividual variability in nicotine exposure among non-daily smokers and found that menthol flavor and smoking time were related to cotinine levels, highlighting the role of smoking context in nicotine exposure.
Article
Substance Abuse
James J. Yang, Tzung-Shiang Ou, Hsien-Chang Lin, Joon Kyung Nam, Megan E. Piper, Anne Buu
Summary: This study analyzed data from 401 college student e-cigarette users to compare retrospective and real-time measures of e-cigarette use. The results showed that there was a significant underestimation of e-cigarette use frequency in retrospective reports, and certain covariates were associated with higher than average consumption.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
James D. Sargent, Mike Stoolmiller, Hongying Dai, Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis, Rob McConnell, Janet Audrain-McGovern, Adam M. Leventhal
Summary: The type of e-cigarette flavor and device used during first use may be associated with more frequent e-cigarette use and nicotine dependence symptoms in young adulthood. Certain flavors (mint/menthol) and devices (pods, mods) should be considered in regulation due to their potential link with continued use and dependence among young people.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Anita Sikic, Jude A. Frie, Jibran Y. Khokhar, Jennifer E. Murray
Summary: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and women are more susceptible to nicotine addiction and face greater difficulty quitting. Smoking during pregnancy has significant health implications, including an increased risk of behavioral disorders. There are gender-specific behavioral outcomes related to smoking in adolescence and adulthood, and it is likely that the same applies to gestational nicotine or tobacco exposure. With the rise of vaping as a perceived safer alternative to cigarettes, especially among pregnant women, further research is required to understand the sex-dependent behavioral outcomes of prenatal nicotine exposure.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Defaru Desalegn, Zakir Abdu, Mohammedamin Hajure
Summary: The study revealed a notable prevalence of tobacco dependence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Factors such as being male, longer treatment duration, history of admission, and family history of mental illness were significantly associated with tobacco dependence. This emphasizes the need for coordinated clinical management and substance use prevention strategies targeting personal and environmental control.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Lucia M. Wagner, Sara M. Clifton
Summary: Since the introduction of electronic cigarettes to the U.S. market in 2007, vaping prevalence has increased significantly in adult and adolescent populations. Concerns have been raised by the U.S. government and health professionals about the attraction of e-cigarettes to young non-smokers. A dynamical systems model was developed to analyze the competition between traditional and electronic cigarettes, predicting changes in smoking prevalence and determining the conditions under which e-cigarettes may benefit or harm society's public health.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Merel Keijsers, Maria Cecilia Vega-Corredor, Melanie Tomintz, Simon Hoermann
Summary: Virtual reality technologies have been proposed to enhance smoking cessation therapy, with cue exposure therapy being the most studied intervention. However, the long-term effects are inconsistent. Behavioral therapies like approach-avoidance tasks or gamified interventions have shown positive results.Future research should focus on multicomponent interventions and include control groups for validity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Bhavandeep Slaich, Ravinder Claire, Joanne Emery, Sarah Lewis, Sue Cooper, Ross Thomson, Lucy Phillips, Darren Kinahan-Goodwin, Felix Naughton, Lisa McDaid, Miranda Clark, Anne Dickinson, Tim Coleman
Summary: Pregnant women who smoke and are offered dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) show no change in cotinine exposure levels but report smoking fewer cigarettes, as validated by reductions in exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Archana Mishra, Rituparna Maiti, Biswa Ranjan Mishra, Monalisa Jena
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation through network meta-analysis, finding that the combination of nicotine receptor agonist and nicotine replacement therapy has a significant effect on continuous abstinence at 6 months.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Qianling Li, Xijing Chen, Xiuli Li, Monika Gorowska, Zimin Li, Yonghui Li
Summary: The study found that immediate reduction in nicotine content can significantly decrease cigarette cravings, reduce daily smoking, and increase the number of cigarette-free days.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Sonja Etzler, Martin Rettenberger, Sonja Rohrmann
Summary: The study explores the relationship between psychopathy, criminal behavior, and the influence of verbal intelligence. By considering verbal intelligence as a moderating variable, alternative relationships between psychopathic traits and criminality, such as moderation and mediation effects, are examined. The findings suggest that high psychopathic traits predict more antisocial behavior, but verbal intelligence can moderate the likelihood of getting caught and increase the success of antisocial acts. These results shed light on the construct of adaptive psychopathy and the importance of factors like verbal intelligence in mitigating negative consequences.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Substance Abuse
Lauren Taylor, Ravinder Claire, Katarzyna Campbell, Tom Coleman-Haynes, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Catherine Chamberlain, Ivan Berlin, Mary-Ann Davey, Sue Cooper, Tim Coleman
Summary: The findings from randomized controlled trials suggest that NRT may potentially reduce certain adverse outcomes during pregnancy, but could increase the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. However, evidence from non-randomized comparative studies does not provide clear evidence on the impact of NRT use during pregnancy on the fetus.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lindsay S. Robbins, Christina T. Blanchard, Rachel G. Sinkey, Stacy L. Harris, Alan T. Tita, Lorie M. Harper
Summary: The study found that prenatal tobacco exposure is not associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born preterm, but may be associated with impaired vision. In this research, although tobacco users were more likely to be older, unmarried, and have received no prenatal care, there were no differences in rates of cerebral palsy by tobacco use.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2021)