Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kristen M. Culbert, Cheryl L. Sisk, Kelly L. Klump
Summary: Eating disorders and their core symptoms disproportionately affect females, with biological factors and hormonal influences playing important roles in the sex-differentiated prevalence and risk. Genetic effects and sex steroid hormones contribute to variations in eating pathology between males and females, with hormone-driven modulation of genetic influences and neural responsiveness to food-related cues potentially explaining within-sex variability in risk.
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lisa Dinkler, Mark J. Taylor, Maria Rastam, Nouchine Hadjikhani, Cynthia M. Bulik, Paul Lichtenstein, Christopher Gillberg, Sebastian Lundstrom
Summary: The study suggests that some eating disorders may be seen as extreme manifestations of continuously distributed features. Anorexia nervosa, however, seems to be more genetically distinct from other eating disorders in the general population.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Megan E. Mikhail, Carolina Anaya, Kristen M. Culbert, Cheryl L. Sisk, Alexander Johnson, Kelly L. Klump
Summary: Gonadal hormones play a significant role in the risk of binge eating, gender differences, and within-gender variability, with higher estradiol levels in females and higher testosterone levels in males being protective. The impact of gonadal hormones may be most pronounced in individuals with other risk factors, such as genetic, temperamental, and psychosocial risks.
CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Sabrina Doering, Paul Lichtenstein, Christopher Gillberg, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Sebastian Lundstrom
Summary: Adolescent internalizing problems like anxiety and depression are negatively associated with educational outcomes in later adolescence, with genetic factors accounting for a large proportion of this correlation. Internalizing problems are an important risk factor for subsequent educational underachievement, surpassing the risk conferred by childhood genetic factors.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Martina M. Mensi, Chiara Rogantini, Livio Provenzi, Renato Borgatti
Summary: The study found that adolescent patients self-reported lower scores for behavioral problems compared to ratings by their mothers and fathers, which could be informative for clinical consultation and treatment.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luciana R. Montenegro, Antonio M. Lerario, Miriam Y. Nishi, Alexander A. L. Jorge, Berenice B. Mendonca
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of 11 widely used pathogenicity prediction tools in identifying known pathogenic SNVs, finding that none of the tools were 100% precise in identifying pathogenic SNVs. The best tools showed high specificity, precision, and accuracy, but there is still room for improvement in their performance.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Cynthia Yoon, Dan Mai, Kush Kinariwala, Tracey Ledoux, Randi Betts, Craig Johnston
Summary: This study found that female college students are more likely to engage in disordered eating behaviors than male college students, and there are varying levels of disordered eating behaviors among college students of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. However, there were no differences in intuitive eating behaviors by sex, but there were differences based on ethnicity/race.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
L. Vuillier, J. Joseph, M. Greville-Harris, L. May, M. P. Somerville, A. Harrison, R. L. Moseley
Summary: This study focuses on the presence of eating disorders in males and highlights the importance of understanding the gender-specific differences in emotion processing and regulation. The findings suggest that difficulties with emotion processing and regulation are associated with eating psychopathology in both males and females, but there are some differences between the two genders. Importantly, the study also reveals that the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and eating restraint is moderated by sex, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions for male and female individuals with eating disorders.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stuart B. Murray, Joel P. Diaz-Fong, Christina J. Duval, Ane A. Balkchyan, Jason M. Nagata, Darrin J. Lee, Kyle T. Ganson, Arthur W. Toga, Steven J. Siegel, Kay Jann
Summary: This study found regional sex differences in terms of gray matter morphometry in early-onset binge eating disorder (BED), with girls showing higher gray matter density.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christine M. Madla, Francesca K. H. Gavins, Hamid A. Merchant, Mine Orlu, Sudaxshina Murdan, Abdul W. Basit
Summary: There is a clear gender gap in pharmaceutical research, with women experiencing more adverse reactions and suboptimal drug therapy than men. Researchers are recommended to consider sex differences in methodologies and analyses to strengthen scientific rigor and promote personalized medicine.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ramona De Amicis, Letizia Galasso, Riccardo Cavallaro, Sara Paola Mambrini, Lucia Castelli, Angela Montaruli, Eliana Roveda, Fabio Esposito, Alessandro Leone, Andrea Foppiani, Alberto Battezzati, Simona Bertoli
Summary: Men are more likely to have subthreshold overeating disorders, and lifestyle and chronotype are determinants. Evening chronotypes are more likely to have unhealthy dietary patterns and a higher propensity to substance addiction than morning types.
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Hunna J. Watson, Alish B. Palmos, Avina Hunjan, Jessica H. Baker, Zeynep Yilmaz, Helena L. Davies
Summary: Enabled by high throughput genomic sequencing and global data sharing, molecular genetic research is uncovering the biological basis of eating disorders. Studies on anorexia nervosa have found risk loci and genetic overlap with psychological traits and metabolic phenotypes. More research is needed to elucidate causal genes and pathways of eating disorders, with ongoing efforts to recruit participants for genome-wide studies on bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Huan Li, Weibo Jiang, Shui Liu, Manshi Yang, Siyuan Chen, Yihan Pan, Mengying Cui
Summary: Sex differences in cancer incidence and survival are constant and pronounced globally, and researchers have started focusing on the molecular mechanisms behind these differences. Besides sex hormones, genetic and molecular pathways also play a role in cancer development and treatment response. Clarifying the essential mechanisms of gender differences will guide the clinical treatment of both sexes in cancer therapy.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jaclyn M. Eissman, Logan Dumitrescu, Emily R. Mahoney, Alexandra N. Smith, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, Michael L. Lee, Phoebe Scollard, Seo Eun Choi, William S. Bush, Corinne D. Engelman, Qiongshi Lu, David W. Fardo, Emily H. Trittschuh, Jesse Mez, Catherine C. Kaczorowski, Hector Hernandez Saucedo, Keith F. Widaman, Rachel F. Buckley, Michael J. Properzi, Elizabeth C. Mormino, Hyun Sik Yang, Theresa M. Harrison, Trey Hedden, Kwangsik Nho, Shea J. Andrews, Douglas Tommet, Niran Hadad, R. Elizabeth Sanders, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Katherine A. Gifford, Xiaoyuan Zhong, Neha S. Raghavan, Badri N. Vardarajan, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Lindsay A. Farrer, Li San Wang, Carlos Cruchaga, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Nancy J. Cox, Jonathan L. Haines, C. Dirk Keene, Andrew J. Saykin, Eric B. Larson, Reisa A. Sperling, Richard Mayeux, Michael L. Cuccaro, David A. Bennett, Julie A. Schneider, Paul K. Crane, Angela L. Jefferson, Timothy J. Hohman
Summary: Approximately 30% of elderly adults with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology show no cognitive decline. This study investigated the genetic factors contributing to resilience to cognitive consequences of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in a sex-specific manner. The results identified a female-specific resilience locus and highlighted numerous sex-specific molecular pathways related to resilience. These findings suggest the importance of personalized treatment based on sex and genetic factors.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Fartein Ask Torvik, Martin Flato, Tom A. McAdams, Ian Colman, Karri Silventoinen, Camilla Stoltenberg
Summary: The study found that earlier puberty is associated with better academic achievement in both boys and girls, while early age at menarche in girls is linked to lower academic achievement. Part of the sex differences in academic achievement can be explained by differences in pubertal development, with some rooted in prepubertal differences.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2021)