Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Benoit Lemaire, Charlotte Heuer, Sophie Portrat
Summary: The paper discusses the maintenance of verbal information within human working memory through articulatory rehearsal and refreshing mechanisms. The implementation of rehearsal within a computational model successfully replicates effects on working memory performance and interactions between short-term and long-term memory, providing potential applications for understanding human behavior.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Ehrlich, John D. Murray
Summary: This article proposes a neural representational strategy of contingency representations that can unify working memory, planning, and context-dependent decision-making. Experimental results show that human behavior is consistent with these representations, rather than traditional sensory models of working memory.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Margarethus M. Paulides, Dario B. Rodrigues, Gennaro G. Bellizzi, Kemal Sumser, Sergio Curto, Esra Neufeld, Hazael Montanaro, H. Petra Kok, Hana Dobsicek Trefna
Summary: The success of cancer hyperthermia treatment relies on achieving optimal temperatures in tumor and healthy tissues. Computational simulations play a crucial role in hyperthermia treatment planning and in silico studies for developing new devices and approaches. This paper proposes benchmarks and guidelines to standardize hyperthermia treatment, aiming to facilitate method comparison, code verification, and clinical relevancy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Xiangshuai Zeng, Nicolas Diekmann, Laurenz Wiskott, Sen Cheng
Summary: This article proposes two different modes, retrieval and replay, to explain how episodic memory drives future behavior. The study found that episodic memory benefits learning in certain conditions, but the performance difference is significant only when the task is complex and the learning trials are limited. Furthermore, the two modes of accessing episodic memory affect spatial learning differently. One-shot learning is typically faster, while replay learning may reach better asymptotic performance.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Timothy J. Ricker, Alessandra S. Souza, Evie Vergauwe
Summary: Visual working memory can maintain both continuous-perceptual information and discrete-categorical information about memory items. The representation structure in working memory differs for different features, with a joint-representation structure for orientation and separate-representations structure for color and shape. Existing models fail to capture this distinction, leading to mischaracterization of memory precision.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Lucas Loerch, Benoit Lemaire, Sophie Portrat
Summary: The TBRS*C computational model implements the cognitive processes involved in complex span tasks, such as encoding, refreshing/time-based decay, and chunking. Chunking is implemented as a process of searching for sequences of memoranda in long-term memory and recoding them as a single unit. The present study investigates how chunking and central working memory processes change with expertise using TBRS*C simulations.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Susanna Yu. Gordleeva, Yuliya A. Tsybina, Mikhail I. Krivonosov, Mikhail V. Ivanchenko, Alexey A. Zaikin, Victor B. Kazantsev, Alexander N. Gorban
Summary: The proposed computational model of working memory involves a spiking neuron network interacting with astrocytes to encode, store, and retrieve information. The successful retrieval of multi-item WM tasks was demonstrated through neuronal activations and astrocytic operations. The information and dynamic characteristics of the model align with classical concepts and other WM models.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julia Koehler Leman, Sergey Lyskov, Steven M. Lewis, Jared Adolf-Bryfogle, Rebecca F. Alford, Kyle Barlow, Ziv Ben-Aharon, Daniel Farrell, Jason Fell, William A. Hansen, Ameya Harmalkar, Jeliazko Jeliazkov, Georg Kuenze, Justyna D. Krys, Ajasja Ljubetic, Amanda L. Loshbaugh, Jack Maguire, Rocco Moretti, Vikram Khipple Mulligan, Morgan L. Nance, Phuong T. Nguyen, Shane O. Conchuir, Shourya S. Roy Burman, Rituparna Samanta, Shannon T. Smith, Frank Teets, Johanna K. S. Tiemann, Andrew Watkins, Hope Woods, Brahm J. Yachnin, Christopher D. Bahl, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, David Baker, Rhiju Das, Frank DiMaio, Sagar D. Khare, Tanja Kortemme, Jason W. Labonte, Kresten Lindorff-Larsen, Jens Meiler, William Schief, Ora Schueler-Furman, Justin B. Siegel, Amelie Stein, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, Brian Kuhlman, Andrew Leaver-Fay, Dominik Gront, Jeffrey J. Gray, Richard Bonneau
Summary: Vast international resources are wasted on irreproducible research each year, but reproducible scientific software applications can be created by meeting simple design goals. This reproducible design framework is valuable for developers and users of any scientific software, helping the scientific community create reproducible methods.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Baiwei Liu, Xinyu Li, Jan Theeuwes, Benchi Wang
Summary: It has been traditionally believed that information retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) needs to be brought back into working memory (WM). However, this study demonstrates that retrieval from LTM is possible even when WM capacity is fully occupied. EEG results indicate that retrieving items from LTM while WM is fully engaged enhances the suppression of alpha oscillations, suggesting alternative mechanisms for accessing LTM when WM is fully occupied.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Weizhen Xie, Weiwei Zhang
Summary: This study constructed a model to investigate the perceived effort of working memory (WM) in comparison to physical exertion. The findings showed that participants discounted the effort of WM in the same way as they discounted the effort of handgrip. This rationality was observed in both prospective and retrospective choices. In addition, physical exertion was found to disrupt performance in a concurrent WM task when the task loads were high for both tasks.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Songbai Liu, Qiuzhen Lin, Ka-Chun Wong, Qing Li, Kay Chen Tan
Summary: This study compares existing optimizers for evolutionary large-scale multiobjective optimization (ELMO) on different benchmarks and finds that significant improvements are needed in both benchmarks and algorithms for ELMO. Therefore, a new test suite and optimizer framework are proposed to further advance ELMO research. The new benchmarks incorporate more realistic features challenging for existing optimizers, and the proposed optimizer, with a variable group-based learning strategy, shows distinct advantages in tackling these benchmarks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lin Wang, Fengji Geng, Xiaoxin Hao, Donglin Shi, Tengfei Wang, Yan Li
Summary: This study developed an age-appropriate and game-based tool with good psychometric properties to assess the coding ability of young children. This tool can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of educational coding programs for young children.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Linguistics
Benjamin Kowialiewski, Benoit Lemaire, Sophie Portrat
Summary: It has been established that semantic knowledge supports the temporary maintenance of verbal information in Working Memory. The presence of semantic relatedness impacts Working Memory maintenance in a complex manner, affecting subsequent unrelated items. This suggests that semantic knowledge can be used to free up Working Memory resources for maintenance purposes and supports models that long-term memory knowledge constrains Working Memory maintenance processes.
JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Daming Li, Christos Constantinidis, John D. Murray
Summary: This study investigates the neural encoding of working memory delay activity, and findings from single-neuron spike-train data indicate that intermittent burst firing is not a major contributor to this process.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aprinda Indahlastari, Alejandro Albizu, Jessica N. Kraft, Andrew O'Shea, Nicole R. Nissim, Ayden L. Dunn, Daniela Carballo, Michael P. Gordon, Shreya Taank, Alex T. Kahn, Cindy Hernandez, William M. Zucker, Adam J. Woods
Summary: This study is the first to use individualized finite element models derived from older adults' MRI to predict changes in functional connectivity induced by tDCS application. Results showed a significant positive correlation between current density in the left DLPFC and changes in functional connectivity during active 2 mA stimulation, but no correlation was found during sham stimulation.
Article
Psychology
Klaus Oberauer
Summary: This article describes a possible measurement model space which includes several measurement models for studying visual working memory using data from the continuous-reproduction paradigm. These models differ in terms of activation function, response-selection function, and assumptions about the constancy of memory precision across manipulations affecting memory.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Aba Szollosi, Chris Donkin, Ben R. Newell
Summary: Researchers critically evaluate the use of probabilistic concepts in psychological explanations and argue that they should have a relatively minor role. They analyze the steps people need to take when dealing with unknown aspects of decision-making tasks and suggest that the use of probabilistic concepts often overlooks essential nonprobabilistic steps. They propose a shift towards viewing problem-solving as a process of hypothesis generation and evaluation, where the use of probabilistic concepts is just one of many possibilities.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Toby Prike, Robert Reason, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Briony Swire-Thompson, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: In recent years, the UK has experienced division along party affiliation and Brexit position. This study investigated the impact of political misinformation correction on this division. The results showed that fact-checking statements led to belief updating, reduced voting intentions, and more negative feelings towards party-aligned politicians. However, for Brexit alignment, the effects were opposite, with reduced voting intentions and negative feelings towards opposing politicians. The study suggests that division based on party alignment is stronger than that based on Brexit alignment, indicating that historical divides still dominate UK politics.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Georgia Turnbull, Sophia Lego, Briana L. Kennedy, Joanna Alexi, Yanqi R. Li, Manja M. Engel, Georgina Mann, Donna M. Bayliss, Simon Farrell, Jason Bell
Summary: The study investigates the biases and inaccuracies in body size judgements, particularly among individuals with eating disorders. Two experiments were conducted using a virtual reality integration task to assess the effect of nearby bodies on perceived body size. The findings indicate that surrounding crowd information is integrated when judging body size, but there is no difference in this integration among individuals with different levels of eating disorder symptomatology.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karl Maeki, Linda Karlsson, Johanna Kaakinen, Philipp Schmid, Stephan Lewandowsky, Jan Antfolk, Anna Soveri
Summary: According to two studies, individually tailored vaccine hesitancy interventions based on people's format preference may not be effective in decreasing vaccine hesitancy. Regardless of whether individuals received interventions in their preferred format, it did not influence their vaccine attitudes or intentions. Furthermore, individuals with a stronger preference for anecdotal information found both statistical and anecdotal interventions more frustrating, less relevant, and less helpful. However, the reactions to statistical interventions were consistently less negative than anecdotal interventions, suggesting that using statistics-only interventions may be a less risky option when targeting individuals with anti-vaccination attitudes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp Musfeld, Alessandra S. Souza, Klaus Oberauer
Summary: Learning improves through repetition. The Hebb repetition effect demonstrates that immediate serial recall performance is better for repeated lists compared to nonrepeated lists. This kind of learning is described as a slow and continuous accumulation of long-term memory traces over repetitions without the need for awareness, making it an instance of implicit learning.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasia Kozyreva, Stefan M. Herzog, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ralph Hertwig, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen, Mark Leiser, Jason Reifler
Summary: In online content moderation, protecting freedom of expression and preventing harm are conflicting values. Little is known about people's judgments and preferences in content moderation. We conducted a survey experiment with US respondents to understand their attitudes towards problematic social media posts on various topics. The majority prioritize removing harmful misinformation over protecting free speech. Partisan differences were observed, with Republicans being less willing to remove posts or penalize accounts across all scenarios. Our findings can inform the design of transparent content moderation rules for harmful misinformation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Communication
Dawn Holford, Angelo Fasce, Katy Tapper, Miso Demko, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ulrike Hahn, Christoph M. Abels, Ahmed Al-Rawi, Sameer Alladin, T. Sonia Boender, Hendrik Bruns, Helen Fischer, Christian Gilde, Paul H. P. Hanel, Stefan M. Herzog, Astrid Kause, Sune Lehmann, Matthew S. Nurse, Caroline Orr, Niccolo Pescetelli, Maria Petrescu, Sunita Sah, Philipp Schmid, Miroslav Sirota, Marlene Wulf
Summary: A new program of science communication as collective intelligence is needed, supported by technology, to ensure more accurate, comprehensive, flexible, and diverse scientific messages.
SCIENCE COMMUNICATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Amanda Garrison, Linda Karlsson, Lisa Fressard, Angelo Fasce, Fernanda Rodrigues, Philipp Schmid, Frederike Taubert, Dawn Holford, Stephan Lewandowsky, Peter Nynaes, Emma C. Anderson, Arnaud Gagneur, Eve Dube, Anna Soveri, Pierre Verger
Summary: The purpose of this study was to validate the long and short versions of the International Professionals' Vaccine Confidence and Behaviors questionnaire among healthcare professionals in European countries. The study found that the questionnaire had good reliability and validity among healthcare professionals in four European countries. This is important for research and public health work.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dawn L. Holford, Angelo Fasce, Thomas H. Costello, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments online poses a threat to immunization programs. Communicators need to understand the motivations behind these views and consider psychological attributes that lead to vaccine hesitancy. Results from a study in the UK showed that endorsement of anti-vaccination arguments is related to anti-scientific beliefs and partisan ideologies, with individual differences in attitude balance. Communicators should be aware of these differences to effectively address vaccine hesitancy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Angelo Fasce, Linda Karlsson, Pierre Verger, Otto Maeki, Frederike Taubert, Amanda Garrison, Philipp Schmid, Dawn Liu Holford, Stephan Lewandowsky, Fernanda Rodrigues, Cornelia Betsch, Anna Soveri
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and vaccination attitudes and behaviors among healthcare professionals in four European countries. The results showed that CAM endorsement is associated with lower frequency of vaccine recommendation, lower self-vaccination rates, and being more open to patients delaying vaccination, mediated by distrust in vaccines. A significant percentage of healthcare professionals exhibited high CAM endorsement and low confidence and recommendation of vaccines, varying across countries. These findings highlight the importance of considering healthcare professionals' attitudes toward CAM in immunization campaigns.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Angelo Fasce, Philipp Schmid, Dawn L. Holford, Luke Bates, Iryna Gurevych, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: This article presents a taxonomy linking anti-vaccination arguments to their psychological roots, developed through a systematic literature review and natural language processing methods. The taxonomy provides a theoretical framework for understanding the underlying motives behind opposition to vaccines, enabling targeted rebuttals and interventions. Validation was performed on anti-vaccination misinformation related to coronavirus disease 2019.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Stephan Lewandowsky, Ronald E. Robertson, Renee DiResta
Summary: This article examines the interaction between social media platforms, search engines, and human behavior in relation to curated online content. It emphasizes that the interactions people have with algorithms not only shape their experiences in the moment but also have long-term effects through modifications of the underlying social-network structure. However, understanding these interactions is challenging due to the lack of access to relevant platform data for researchers. The article argues that increased transparency, data sharing, and protections for external researchers are necessary to better understand the entanglement between humans and algorithms.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hause Lin, Jana Lasser, Stephan Lewandowsky, Rocky Cole, Andrew Gully, David G. Rand, Gordon Pennycook
Summary: This study compares six sets of expert ratings and finds high correlation among them. The researchers then create a comprehensive set of domain ratings for the research community, offering a powerful tool to evaluate the quality of news consumption and sharing.
Article
Psychology
Klaus Oberauer, Hsuan-Yu Lin
Summary: This study presents an interference model (IM) of working memory (WM), which explains benchmark findings from two independent traditions of memory research. The model emphasizes the encoding of contents into WM through temporary bindings to contexts and the gradual updating and weakening of preceding memories during encoding events.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)