Article
Clinical Neurology
Melanie L. Bozzay, Sydney Brigido, Mascha vant Wout-Frank, Emily Aiken, Robert Swift, Noah S. Philip
Summary: The study found that in PTSD patients, comorbid mild AUD does not affect the safety of iTBS treatment, and AUD patients showed a faster improvement rate in depression symptoms after receiving active stimulation.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Charlotte Sonne, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Derrick Silove, Sabina Palic, Jessica Carlsson
Summary: The study found that the severity of initial symptoms and level of functioning in refugees are associated with treatment outcomes. Factors such as short time in host country, full-time occupation, young age, and family reunification status also influence symptom improvement.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sonya B. Norman, Christy Capone, Kaitlyn E. Panza, Moira Haller, Brittany C. Davis, Paula P. Schnurr, M. Tracie Shea, Kendall Browne, Gregory J. Norman, Ariel J. Lang, Alexander C. Kline, Shahrokh Golshan, Carolyn B. Allard, Abigail Angkaw
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of two psychotherapies, TrIGR and SCT, for reducing trauma-related guilt. The results showed that TrIGR was more effective in reducing guilt, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms compared to supportive therapy. TrIGR also had a higher likelihood of treatment response for PTSD and meaningful change in depression.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Stephen D. Worrell, Thomas J. Gould
Summary: Excessive alcohol consumption in the US contributes to a significant number of deaths and financial burden each year. The complexity of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) involves neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neural connectivity. Depressed mood and stress play crucial roles in AUD relapse, with comorbidity between AUD, depression, and stress disorders suggesting potential overlap in treatment approaches. Current pharmacotherapies for AUD have limitations, indicating the need for novel therapeutics like ketamine, which has shown promise in treating AUD, depression, and stress disorders.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jutta Joormann, Samuel A. McLean, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Xinming An, Jennifer S. Stevens, Donglin Zeng, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari Clifford, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Laura T. Germine, Scott L. Rauch, Paul Musey, Phyllis L. Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W. Jones, Brittany E. Punches, Gregory Fermann, Lauren A. Hudak, Kamran Mohiuddin, Vishnu Murty, Meghan E. McGrath, John P. Haran, Jose Pascual, Mark Seamon, David A. Peak, Claire Pearson, Robert M. Domeier, Paulina Sergot, Roland Merchant, Leon D. Sanchez, Niels K. Rathlev, William F. Peacock, Steven E. Bruce, Deanna Barch, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Beatriz Luna, Steven E. Harte, Irving Hwang, Sue Lee, Nancy Sampson, Karestan C. Koenen, Kerry J. Ressler, Ronald C. Kessler
Summary: This is the first report on the association between trauma exposure and depression. The study found that the characteristics of motor vehicle collision (MVC) and peritraumatic symptoms are associated with 8-week depression, while peritraumatic symptoms are associated with 2-week depression. The findings suggest the possibility of diverse and complex underlying biological and psychological processes.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Siti Raudzah Ghazali, Yoke Yong Chen, Mardiana Mohamad, Lee Ping Yein, Zul Azlin Razali, Noraskin Pauzi, Alia Fadaliana Majani
Summary: This study provides significant understanding of the link between PTSD, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behavior among Malaysian university students. The results of the survey showed that at least 87% of the students had experienced lifetime trauma, 9.6% exhibited symptoms of PTSD, 15.5% exhibited depressive symptoms, and 12.9% reported having suicidal behavior.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David C. Rozek, Jennifer N. Crawford, Stefanie T. LoSavio, Ursula S. Myers, Paula Dabovich, Ashlee Warnecke, Noelle B. Smith, Craig J. Bryan
Summary: The study found that specific reasons for living among military-affiliated individuals are correlated with suicidal cognitions, and not all reasons for living have equal influence on reducing suicide risk.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Jelena Vasic, Roberto Grujicic, Oliver Toskovic, Milica Pejovic Milovancevic
Summary: This study found that the majority of young refugees are male, with over half displaying symptoms of PTSD and a high proportion using alcohol and other substances. Females are more likely to express emotional difficulties, while males are more inclined to use alcohol or substances. Younger children are more prone to symptoms of hyperactivity, but less likely to use substances.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Samantha C. Patton, Cecilia A. Hinojosa, Emma C. Lathan, Justine W. Welsh, Abigail Powers
Summary: The co-occurrence of substance use disorder (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common and has negative impacts. Screening for PTSD is not routinely implemented in substance use treatment programs, despite its clinical relevance. The study supports the use of the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) as a brief screening tool for probable PTSD in substance misusing patient populations.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anka A. Vujanovic, Shelby J. McGrew, Jessica L. Walton, Amanda M. Raines
Summary: The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) is common among military veterans, and addressing distress intolerance and anxiety sensitivity may improve treatment outcomes for these individuals. This study found that the severity of PTSD symptoms was related to alcohol use severity through anxiety sensitivity, and to drug use severity through distress intolerance.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mustafa Ali, Teresia Mutavi, John Maina Mburu, Muthoni Mathai
Summary: According to a study conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia between January and February 2021, high levels of depressive disorder and PTSD were found among IDPs. Important predictive factors for the development of psychiatric morbidity were unemployment, cumulative traumatic exposure, and frequency and duration of displacement. The study highlighted the importance of providing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services in IDP camps.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengxi Zhang, Mark VanLandingham, Yoon Soo Park, Philip Anglewicz, David M. Abramson
Summary: The study examines the post-disaster mental health of Vietnamese and African Americans living in two adjacent communities in eastern New Orleans. It finds a significant advantage in mental health for Vietnamese Americans over their African American counterparts at the two-year mark, but this advantage had disappeared by the thirteenth anniversary of the Katrina disaster.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Cassidy A. Gutner, Jiyoung Song, Caroline A. Canale, Michael K. Suvak, Scott D. Litwack, Barbara L. Niles, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of UP, PCT, and TAU in trauma-exposed veterans, finding that UP had promising advantages in reducing the number of comorbid diagnoses and significant decreases in self-reported anxiety and depression.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Anton Kurapov, Argyroula Kalaitzaki, Vladyslava Keller, Ivan Danyliuk, Tobias Kowatsch
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the ongoing war in Ukraine on the mental health of Ukrainians, focusing on war-induced trauma, disturbances in self-organization, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), anxiety, stress, and depression. Data was collected from 703 participants 6 months after the full-scale invasion using a structured questionnaire. The study found that levels of depression and anxiety were relatively low, while stress and resilience were relatively high among Ukrainians affected by the war. However, those directly exposed to military actions, violence, or severe suffering had higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma-related symptoms. The war experience varied by gender, age, and living conditions. Participants who stayed in Ukraine had significantly lower anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma-related symptoms compared to those who moved abroad. Anxiety, depression, stress, low resilience, and subjective satisfaction with living conditions were predictors of trauma-related symptoms, including PTSD and CPTSD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Vasiliki Michopoulos, Megan E. Huibregtse, E. Britton Chahine, Alicia K. Smith, Ida T. Fonkoue, Jessica Maples-Keller, Amy Murphy, Linzie Taylor, Abigail Powers, Jennifer S. Stevens
Summary: This study found that perimenopausal women showed higher symptom severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression compared to premenopausal and postmenopausal women. These findings suggest a relationship between reproductive age and psychological symptoms in women.
MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Rachel Sayko Adams, Tammy Jiang, Anthony J. Rosellini, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Amy E. Street, Katherine M. Keyes, Magdalena Cerda, Timothy L. Lash, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Jaimie L. Gradus
Summary: This study utilized machine learning to identify new risk factors and interactions predicting suicide among individuals with SUD in Denmark. Men at highest risk for suicide were those prescribed antidepressants and diagnosed with poisoning before suicide, while women at risk were older than 30 with poisoning diagnoses. The study found that prior poisonings and comorbid psychiatric disorders were important indicators of suicide risk, particularly among women with substance use disorders.
Article
Psychiatry
Tammy Jiang, Anthony J. Rosellini, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Brian Shiner, Amy E. Street, Timothy L. Lash, Henrik T. Sorensen, Jaimie L. Gradus
Summary: The study aimed to investigate sex-specific risk profiles for suicide in the 30 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital using machine learning and Danish registry data. The findings suggest that a complex evaluation of multiple factors is necessary for accurate prediction of suicide during this high-risk period for both men and women. Key predictors identified included alcohol-related disorders, nicotine dependence in men, and poisoning in women.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaimie L. Gradus, Anthony J. Rosellini, Peter Szentkuti, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Meghan L. Smith, Isaac Galatzer-Levy, Timothy L. Lash, Sandro Galea, Paula P. Schnurr, Henrik T. Sorensen
Summary: This study identifies pre-trauma predictors of severe post-traumatic psychiatric comorbidity using data from Danish registries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jaimie L. Gradus, Anthony J. Rosellini, Peter Szentkuti, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Meghan L. Smith, Isaac Galatzer-Levy, Timothy L. Lash, Sandro Galea, Paula P. Schnurr, Henrik T. Sorensen
Summary: This study developed a methodology to identify and study individuals who experienced potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and examined the risk of psychopathology within 5 years of experiencing a PTE. The findings highlight the broad impact of traumatic experiences on psychiatric health.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tammy Jiang, Meghan L. Smith, Amy E. Street, Vijaya L. Seegulam, Laura Sampson, Eleanor J. Murray, Matthew P. Fox, Jaimie L. Gradus
Summary: This article explores methodological biases that may lead to the paradoxical finding that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) decreases suicide risk using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The concept of collider bias is defined as a potential explanation for the protective association found in some studies, which interpret it as evidence of PTSD reducing suicide risk. Recommendations include collecting longitudinal measurements of psychiatric comorbidities and using DAGs to anticipate biases in study design and analysis decisions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stefanie T. LoSavio, Courtney B. Worley, Syed T. Aajmain, Craig S. Rosen, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Denise M. Sloan
Summary: The study demonstrates the efficacy of Written Exposure Therapy (WET) for patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its effectiveness across various patient characteristics and treatment delivery formats. These findings support the use of WET as a treatment option in the clinical care of veterans.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shelby Borowski, Anthony J. Rosellini, Amy E. Street, Jaimie L. Gradus, Dawne Vogt
Summary: This study examined factors associated with suicidal ideation among military veterans in the first year after separation. The results indicated that endorsing depression symptoms and identifying oneself as experiencing depression were the most predictive factors. Other predictors included anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, as well as aspects of psychosocial well-being. The findings can inform interventions aimed at assisting veterans in transitioning to civilian life.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Jenna A. Forehand, Vincent Dufort, Jaimie L. Gradus, Shira Maguen, Bradley Watts, Tammy Jiang, Nicholas Holder, Brian Shiner
Summary: This is the first population-based study to simultaneously consider PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, finding that any level of PTSD symptoms above the minimum threshold for symptomatic remission is associated with an increased suicide mortality rate. Improving PTSD symptoms can reduce the risk of suicide mortality, but achieving symptomatic remission is necessary to attain this benefit.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Meghan L. Smith, Vijaya Seegulam, Peter Szentkuti, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Sandro Galea, Timothy L. Lash, Anthony J. Rosellini, Paula P. Schnurr, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Jaimie L. Gradus
Summary: This study examined the differences in posttraumatic psychopathology between immigrants and native-born persons in Denmark. The findings suggest that immigrants are at a higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following non-interpersonal trauma, possibly due to adverse experiences during migration.
SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ian H. Stanley, Brian P. Marx, Brooke A. Fina, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Hannah C. Tyler, Denise M. Sloan, Abby E. Blankenship, Katherine A. Dondanville, James L. Walker, Joseph W. Boffa, Craig J. Bryan, Lily A. Brown, Casey L. Straud, Jim Mintz, Chadi G. Abdallah, Sudie E. Back, Tabatha H. Blount, Bryann B. DeBeer, Julianne Flanagan, Edna B. Foa, Peter T. Fox, Steffany J. Fredman, John Krystal, Meghan E. McDevitt-Murphy, Donald D. McGeary, Kristi E. Pruiksma, Patricia A. Resick, John D. Roache, Paulo Shiroma, Daniel J. Taylor, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Alexander M. Kaplan, Argelio L. Lopez-Roca, Karin L. Nicholson, Richard P. Schobitz, Christian C. Schrader, Allah-Fard M. Sharrieff, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Brett T. Litz, Terence M. Keane, Alan L. Peterson
Summary: This study evaluated the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) in military service members and veterans with PTSD. The SITBI-SF showed high reliability and validity, with comparable results across both groups. Approximately 8% of participants who denied suicidal ideation on the SITBI-SF reported it on a separate questionnaire. These participants had higher levels of PTSD symptoms. The SITBI-SF is a reliable measure for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors, and combining it with a self-report measure can enhance suicide risk assessment.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sarah A. Stoycos, Sara R. Berzenski, J. Gayle Beck, William Unger, Jessica M. Cappellano, Christopher M. Spofford, Denise M. Sloan
Summary: This study investigated factors contributing to completion of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and found that participants in the group present-centered treatment (GPCT) condition were more likely to complete treatment than those in the group cognitive behavioral treatment (GCBT) condition. Older age, higher income and level of educational attainment, more mental health diagnoses, and the use of positive reappraisal emotion regulation skills predicted treatment completion.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Karen -Inge Karstoft, Kasper Eskelund, Jaimie L. Gradus, Soren B. Andersen, Lars R. Nissen
Summary: Military personnel deployed to war zones are at increased risk of mental health problems, but accurate models for predicting these outcomes have not been developed.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nina A. Sayer, David B. Nelson, Jaimie L. Gradus, Rebecca K. Sripada, Maureen Murdoch, Alan R. Teo, Robert J. Orazem, Julie Cerel
Summary: This study aims to explore the mental health outcomes associated with suicide exposure among veterans and elucidate why some veterans develop persistent problems following suicide exposure. The study will utilize a mixed methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and VA administrative data.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Daniel J. Lee, Michael L. Crowe, Frank W. Weathers, Michelle J. Bovin, Stephanie Ellickson, Denise M. Sloan, Paula Schnurr, Terence M. Keane, Brian P. Marx
Summary: This study used item response theory (IRT) analysis to examine the item performance of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The results indicate that ordinal ratings provide good coverage of symptom severity and accurately differentiate between participants. However, there is an uneven distribution and redundancy in item difficulty within each symptom cluster.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Denise M. Sloan, Brian P. Marx, Ronald Acierno, Michael Messina, Travis A. Cole
Summary: PTSD is prevalent among veterans, highlighting the need for more efficient and effective treatment approaches. Written Exposure Therapy has shown promise as a potentially effective alternative to time-intensive treatments. Ongoing research is investigating whether WET is non-inferior to Prolonged Exposure in treating PTSD in veterans.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
