Article
Neurosciences
Xin Gao, Li Yao, Fei Li, Chengmin Yang, Fei Zhu, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui
Summary: In first-episode antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients, widespread cortical local gyrification index (LGI) alterations were found, and specific risk genes associated with LGI deficits were identified. Lower LGI values were observed in frontotemporal and limbic regions. These findings may contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of cortical impairments in early-stage schizophrenia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trang T. T. Truong, Chiara C. Bortolasci, Srisaiyini Kidnapillai, Briana Spolding, Bruna Panizzutti, Zoe S. J. Liu, Jee Hyun Kim, Olivia M. Dean, Mark F. Richardson, Michael Berk, Ken Walder
Summary: There is little understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the efficacy of antipsychotics for schizophrenia. This study integrated transcriptional data from schizophrenia patients with gene expression profiles induced by antipsychotic drugs to identify potential therapeutic targets. The results showed common regulation of genes involved in Wnt signaling and action potential regulation, suggesting these pathways as potential treatment targets for schizophrenia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sara Ballouz, Melissa M. Mangala, Matthew D. Perry, Stewart Heitmann, Jesse A. Gillis, Adam P. Hill, Jamie Vandenberg
Summary: The study identified a strong correlation between CACNA1C (L-type calcium current) and KCNH2 (rapid delayed rectifier K+ current) expression in human hearts, which could limit variability in action potential duration and reduce susceptibility to arrhythmia. This co-expression also increased the robustness of cardiac electrical activity.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sara Ballouz, Melissa M. Mangala, Matthew D. Perry, Stewart Heitmann, Jesse A. Gillis, Adam P. Hill, Jamie Vandenberg
Summary: The study identified a strong correlation between the expression of CACNA1C and KCNH2 ion channel genes in human heart tissue, which can limit variability in action potential duration and reduce susceptibility to early afterdepolarizations. In addition, there is a correlation between the levels of KCNH2 and CACNA1C expression in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes, and their expression levels are inversely correlated with changes in repolarization duration following inhibition of I-Kr. Meta-analytic approaches of multiple gene expression datasets can help identify gene modules important for regulating heart function and the co-expression of CACNA1C and KCNH2 can increase the robustness of cardiac electrical activity.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Robert A. Mccutcheon, Paul J. Harrison, Oliver D. Howes, Philip K. Mcguire, David M. Taylor, Toby Pillinger
Summary: This study analyzed the receptor affinities of antipsychotic medications and grouped them into four categories based on their predominant receptor affinities. The classification was shown to predict clinical effects of the drugs and has the potential to guide treatment and inform drug development.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Piotr Stepnicki, Katarzyna M. Targowska-Duda, Anton L. Martinez, Agata Zieba, Olga Wronikowska-Denysiuk, Martyna Z. Wrobel, Agata Bartyzel, Alicja Trzpil, Tomasz M. Wrobel, Andrzej Chodkowski, Karolina Mirecka, Tadeusz Karcz, Katarzyna Szczepanska, Maria I. Loza, Barbara Budzynska, Jadwiga Turlo, Jadwiga Handzlik, Emilia Fornal, Ewa Poleszak, Marian Castro, Agnieszka A. Kaczor
Summary: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder involving various neurotransmitter systems. Antipsychotics can be divided into classical drugs and atypical antipsychotics, the latter of which have a multi-target profile affecting both dopamine and serotonin receptors. This profile is considered more effective and safer in treating symptoms.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingrui Li, Yanli Li, Haide Qin, Justin D. Tubbs, Minghui Li, Chunhong Qiao, Jinran Lin, Qingyang Li, Fengmei Fan, Mengzhuang Gou, Junchao Huang, Jinghui Tong, Fude Yang, Yunlong Tan, Yin Yao
Summary: Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and cognition deficits. Abnormal DNA methylation may play a role in the development of schizophrenia, with DNA methylation changes affecting genes associated with nervous system development and neuronal networks. The study provides evidence that DNA methylation alterations in schizophrenia patients may serve as valuable resources for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and developing therapeutic targets.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alice Servonnet, Hiroyuki Uchida, Anne-Noel Samaha
Summary: Continuous exposure to antipsychotic drugs may increase the risk of long-term adverse effects, while regular but extended dosing has been proved to be safer and more effective for patients, reducing overall drug exposure. Studies in laboratory animals show that compared to continuous exposure, regular but extended dosing has superior antipsychotic-like efficacy and substantially reduces the likelihood of motor side effects and dopamine receptor supersensitivity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chao Zhang, Dongdong Zheng, Weijing Feng, Huanji Zhang, Feng Han, Wanbing He, Aiting Liu, Hui Huang, Jie Chen
Summary: The study found a negative association between aortic calcification and APD dose in schizophrenia patients, with olanzapine appearing to play a key role in the relationship between aortic calcification and APD treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tyler R. Prestwood, Roshanak Asgariroozbehani, Sally Wu, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Ryan W. Logan, Jacob S. Ballon, Margaret K. Hahn, Zachary Freyberg
Summary: Schizophrenia is characterized by inflammation and metabolic disturbances, with inflammation playing a key role in the disease. While antipsychotic drugs have revolutionized management of psychosis, they also lead to metabolic disturbances.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Sameer Jauhar, Robert A. McCutcheon, Mattia Veronese, Faith Borgan, Matthew Nour, Maria Rogdaki, Fiona Pepper, James M. Stone, Alice Egerton, George Vamvakas, Federico Turkheimer, Philip K. McGuire, Oliver D. Howes
Summary: The study aimed to measure the effect of antipsychotics on dopamine synthesis and glutamate concentrations in individuals with psychosis. The results showed that antipsychotic treatment did not significantly affect glutamate concentrations or dopamine synthesis capacity, but did alter the relationship between glutamate and dopamine.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Marsha Maredia, John Hamilton, Panayotis K. Thanos
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet may increase microglial activation in certain brain regions in rats, while the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and olanzapine had no effect on this activation. Additionally, the two different antipsychotic medications had differing effects on brain regions.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Maria Fagerbakke Stromme, Liv Solrunn Mellesdal, Christoffer Bartz-Johannesen, Rune Andreas Kroken, Marianne Krogenes, Lars Mehlum, Erik Johnsen
Summary: Research investigating the association between mortality and non-use of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia found that non-use of antipsychotic drugs was associated with a twofold increased mortality risk, especially among young patients.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Hussnain Siddique, Naeem Iqbal Babar, Roshan Zameer, Saima Muzammil, Nazia Nahid, Usman Ijaz, Ashir Masroor, Majid Nadeem, Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid, Abeer Hashem, Farrukh Azeem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
Summary: This study identified 39 K+ transport genes in Cajanus cajan, involving various types of transporters and channels. These genes showed significant conservation in gene structure and expression, and were closely related to K+ transport genes in other plants.
Article
Cell Biology
Akanksha Roy, Arianna Tolone, Riet Hilhorst, John Groten, Tushar Tomar, Francois Paquet-Durand
Summary: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are neurodegenerative disorders leading to blindness, with a high genetic heterogeneity requiring mutation-independent therapies. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) has emerged as a potential target for IRD treatment, with this study identifying new downstream targets and improving understanding of degenerative mechanisms.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Azmeraw T. Amare, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Liping Hou, Scott R. Clark, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Franziska Degenhardt, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Tatyana Shekhtman, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Barbara Arias, Jean-Michel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi-Chung Chen, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Alexandre Dayer, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Etain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Sebastien Gard, Julie S. Garnham, Fernando S. Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofmann, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jimenez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Sebastian Kliwicki, Barbara Koenig, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landen, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan G. Leckband, Alfonso Tortorella, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis M. Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Noethen, Tomas Novak, Claire O'Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Urban Osby, Andrea Pfennig, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy A. Rouleau, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, BarbaraW. Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Paul D. Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire M. Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Mario Maj, Gustavo Turecki, Eduard Vieta, Julia Volkert, Stephanie Witt, Adam Wright, Peter P. Zandi, Philip B. Mitchell, Michael Bauer, Martin Alda, Marcella Rietschel, Francis J. McMahon, Thomas G. Schulze, Bernhard T. Baune
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Javad Jamshidi, Leanne M. Williams, Peter R. Schofield, Haeme R. P. Park, Arthur Montalto, Miranda R. Chilver, Richard A. Bryant, Claudio Toma, Janice M. Fullerton, Justine M. Gatt
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2020)
Article
Biology
Matthew W. K. Wong, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Nady Braidy, Karen A. Mather, Yue Liu, Liliana Ciobanu, Bernhardt T. Baune, Nicola J. Armstrong, John Kwok, Peter Schofield, Margaret J. Wright, David Ames, Russell Pickford, Teresa Lee, Anne Poljak, Perminder S. Sachdev
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
George Karystianis, Annabeth Simpson, Armita Adily, Peter Schofield, David Greenberg, Handan Wand, Goran Nenadic, Tony Butler
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pratishtha Chatterjee, Michelle Tegg, Steve Pedrini, Anne M. Fagan, Chengjie Xiong, Abhay K. Singh, Kevin Taddei, Samantha Gardener, Colin L. Masters, Peter R. Schofield, Gerhard Multhaup, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, John C. Morris, Randall J. Bateman, Steven M. Greenberg, Mark A. van Buchem, Erik Stoops, Hugo Vanderstichele, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Graeme J. Hankey, Marieke J. H. Wermer, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Ralph N. Martins
Summary: Plasma A beta levels were found to be lower in pre-symptomatic Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) mutation-carriers (MC) compared to non-carriers (NC), especially when using the Simoa platform. This suggests that plasma A beta may be a valuable biomarker for diagnosing pre-symptomatic CAA, but further validation studies in larger sample sets are required.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Siddharth Raj, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Nicola J. Armstrong, Margaret J. Wright, John B. Kwok, Julian N. Trollor, David Ames, Peter R. Schofield, Henry Brodaty, Perminder S. Sachdev, Karen A. Mather
Summary: Ageing is associated with a decrease in odour identification, which is linked to age-related disease and mortality. Genetic variation in the olfactory receptor gene family contributes to overall odour identification. This study identified suggestive olfactory-related genes and genetic variants for multiple individual odours, along with negative associations between polygenic risk scores for smoking, white matter hyperintensities, Parkinson's disease, and chocolate identification.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bronwyn J. Overs, Gloria Roberts, Kate Ridgway, Claudio Toma, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic, Holly C. Wilcox, Leslie A. Hulvershorn, John I. Nurnberger, Peter R. Schofield, Philip B. Mitchell, Janice M. Fullerton
Summary: This study revealed associations between polygenic risk scores for suicide-related phenotypes and structural variability in brain regions implicated in suicidal behaviors among individuals with bipolar disorder.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Miranda R. Chilver, Haeme R. P. Park, Peter R. Schofield, C. Richard Clark, Leanne M. Williams, Justine M. Gatt
Summary: Depression and anxiety symptoms are strongly associated with differences in processing fearful and happy facial expressions, as reflected by emotional event-related potentials (ERPs), particularly the N170. However, these alterations are not related to mental wellbeing, indicating that emotional ERPs may be more indicative of mental health issues rather than overall wellbeing, especially in subconscious processing pathways.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Arthur Montalto, Haeme R. P. Park, Leanne M. Williams, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Miranda R. Chilver, Javad Jamshidi, Peter R. Schofield, Justine M. Gatt
Summary: The study found that greater resilience to trauma is associated with less activation of the anterior insula during a condition requiring sustained attention. This possibly suggests a pattern of 'neural efficiency' in people who may be more resilient to trauma.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
John C. Morris, Michael Weiner, Chengjie Xiong, Laurel Beckett, Dean Coble, Naomi Saito, Paul S. Aisen, Ricardo Allegri, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Sarah B. Berman, Nigel J. Cairns, Maria C. Carrillo, Helena C. Chui, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Anne M. Fagan, Martin Farlow, Nick C. Fox, Bernardino Ghetti, Alison M. Goate, Brian A. Gordon, Neill Graff-Radford, Gregory S. Day, Jason Hassenstab, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Clifford R. Jack, William J. Jagust, Mathias Jucker, Johannes Levin, Parinaz Massoumzadeh, Colin L. Masters, Ralph Martins, Eric McDade, Hiroshi Mori, James M. Noble, Ronald C. Petersen, John M. Ringman, Stephen Salloway, Andrew J. Saykin, Peter R. Schofield, Leslie M. Shaw, Arthur W. Toga, John Q. Trojanowski, Jonathan Voeglein, Stacie Weninger, Randall J. Bateman, Virginia D. Buckles
Summary: This study compared biomarker changes in individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease and late onset Alzheimer's disease and found similarities in their pathophysiology, suggesting a shared pathobiological construct.
Article
Psychiatry
Javad Jamshidi, Peter R. Schofield, Justine M. Gatt, Janice M. Fullerton
Summary: Wellbeing is an important aspect of mental health that has a moderate level of heritability. This study used data from the UK Biobank resource to investigate the genetic basis of wellbeing and its relationships with mental health and childhood maltreatment. By analyzing the derived wellbeing index, the researchers identified five significant genetic loci associated with wellbeing. They found that the wellbeing index had a genetic correlation with its subcomponents that was stronger than its correlation with mental health phenotypes. The study also revealed a negative association between wellbeing and psychiatric disorders, as well as a moderate genetic correlation between childhood maltreatment and wellbeing.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Haeme R. P. Park, Yann Quide, Peter R. Schofield, Leanne M. Williams, Justine M. Gatt
Summary: Resilience is a crucial process of adaptive recovery for maintaining mental wellbeing after stress exposure. This study investigated the association between resilience and grey matter covariation (GMC) in healthy adults, with and without early life stress (ELS) exposure, and examined the mediating role of emotion regulation. The findings showed distinct morphometric patterns related to resilience in individuals with ELS exposure. Decreased GMC in the temporo-parietal regions was associated with wellbeing in participants without ELS exposure, while increased patterns of covariation in regions related to salience and executive control networks, as well as decreased GMC in temporo-parietal areas, were associated with resilience in ELS-exposed participants. Cognitive reappraisal mediated the brain-wellbeing relationship only in ELS-exposed participants. The study suggests that stronger GMC in regions associated with emotion and cognitive functioning in ELS-exposed participants with high wellbeing may indicate neural signatures of resilience, potentially enhanced by adaptive emotion regulation.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andrew J. Aschenbrenner, Samantha A. Murphy, Jason M. Doherty, Ann M. Johnson, Sayeh Bayat, Alexis Walker, Yasmin Pena, Jason Hassenstab, John C. Morris, Ganesh M. Babulal
Summary: This study examined the impact of cognitive domain scores on changes in driving behavior in cognitively healthy older adults. Attentional control was found to moderate changes in driving space scores over time, but not driving performance.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
George Karystianis, Wilson Lukmanjaya, Paul Simpson, Peter Schofield, Natasha Ginnivan, Goran Nenadic, Marina van Leeuwen, Iain Buchan, Tony Butler
Summary: This study examines the lead authors' affiliations in the field of epidemiological criminology to determine the countries and organizations responsible for the published research. It also explores the relationship between research outputs and the overall standard of a country's justice system.
INTERACTIVE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
George Karystianis, Rina Carines Cabral, Armita Adily, Wilson Lukmanjaya, Peter Schofield, Iain Buchan, Goran Nenadic, Tony Butler
Summary: This study explores the concordance between mental illness mentions in police event narratives and mental health diagnoses from hospital records in the context of domestic violence. The findings suggest that accessing the rich information contained in police text narratives can enhance current surveillance systems for reporting and understanding domestic violence, and additional insights can be gained through linkage to other health and welfare data collections.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
