Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gemma Chiva-Blanch, Vibeke Bratseth, Kristian Laake, Harald Arnesen, Svein Solheim, Erik Berg Schmidt, Lina Badimon, Ingebjorg Seljeflot
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term n3 PUFA supplementation on the release of cMV in elderly patients at very high risk of CVD, and found that supplementation with 1.8 g/day n3 PUFA for two years did not significantly modulate the release of prothrombotic MV from blood and vascular cells in elderly Norwegians who had suffered a recent acute myocardial infarction and were treated as per guidelines.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
J. Stanhiser, A. M. Z. Jukic, D. R. McConnaughey, A. Z. Steiner
Summary: The study found that self-reported use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements was associated with an increased probability of conceiving.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marina Ivanisevic, Marina Horvaticek, Karlo Delmis, Josip Delmis
Summary: This study found that supplementation with DHA and EPA in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes can increase the concentration and proportions of n-3 PUFAs in maternal and fetal blood, while decreasing the proportion of n-6 PUFAs.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Arti Kumari, Sunil Pabbi, Aruna Tyagi
Summary: Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, are essential for human health and must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Traditional sources include vegetable oils and fish, but concerns about sustainability and contamination have led to the exploration of alternative sources, such as microalgae. This review discusses strategies for enhancing EPA and DHA production in microalgae, including strain selection, cultivation optimization, and genetic engineering. These approaches pave the way for large-scale production of EPA and DHA to promote human health.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hai-Tao Yu, Wen-Hui Xu, Yi-Ru Chen, Ye Ji, Yi-Wei Tang, Yue-Ting Li, Jia-Yu Gong, Yi-Fei Chen, Guo-Liang Liu, Lin Xie
Summary: Maternal pre-BMI is associated with maternal-fetal plasma fatty acid profiles, with more noticeable adverse profiles in overweight mothers before pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Angelica Borja-Magno, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Adriana Flores-Lopez, Silvia Carrillo-Dominguez, Julio Granados, Clorinda Arias, Mary Perry, Barry Sears, Hector Bourges, F. Enrique Gomez
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of high-dose omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory markers among patients with obesity and healthy volunteers. The results showed that high-dose omega-3 fatty acids could improve metabolic and inflammatory markers, but the effects were temporary, with short-term effects on metabolism and long-lasting effects on inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
A. Lehner, K. Staub, L. Aldakak, P. Eppenberger, F. Ruehli, Robert D. Martin, N. Bender
Summary: The study found no significant association between DHA/EPA supplementation and cognitive performance of children born to pregnant and/or breastfeeding women who consumed fish oil supplements.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ajeet Singh Chauhan, Anil Kumar Patel, Chiu-Wen Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Philippe Michaud, Cheng-Di Dong, Reeta Rani Singhania
Summary: Considering the increasing health concerns, urban population tends to adopt a healthy lifestyle and incorporate nutritional food supplements to mitigate common health risks. The consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs is on the rise, thus alternative commercial production methods are being developed. Microbial sources are emerging platforms to meet the global demand for omega PUFAs. Marine oleaginous protist Aurantiochytrium sp. has been identified as a potential source for substantial production of DHA and SFA. The objective of this research was to enhance PUFA yield by optimizing glucose concentration and nitrogen ratio. The maximum lipid and DHA yield and content were achieved at 30 g/L glucose, while the relative PUFA content was highest at 10 g/L glucose, with remaining SFA potentially usable for biodiesel.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emanuela Talamonti, Anders Jacobsson, Valerio Chiurchiu
Summary: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play important roles in various biological processes and have numerous health benefits. Deficiency in Elovl2, a key enzyme involved in DHA synthesis, leads to decreased DHA levels, increased brain inflammation, and heightened pro-inflammatory responses in T lymphocytes. Additionally, DHA deficiency affects the interaction between dendritic cells (DC) and T cells. Therefore, DHA plays a crucial role in regulating adaptive immunity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jacqueline F. Gould, Rachel M. Roberts, Maria Makrides
Summary: The review analyzed the effects of DHA interventions in randomized controlled trials during the first 1000 days. Results showed limited evidence of DHA supplementation having any effect on behavioral development, with some trials even detecting adverse effects. Future research should focus on evaluating the impact of DHA intervention on behavioral functioning.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jacqueline F. Gould, Peter J. Anderson, Lisa N. Yelland, Robert A. Gibson, Maria Makrides
Summary: This study found that prenatal DHA supplementation did not provide benefits to childhood behavior and may instead have a negative impact on behavioral functioning.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Konstantinos Gkiouras, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ioannis Myrogiannis, Theodora Papamitsou, Eirini Rigopoulou, Lazaros Sakkas, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
Summary: Theoretical evidence and previous studies suggest that oral nutrient supplementation with n-3 fatty acids may have the potential to lower disease activity indicators and NSAID uptake for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, pooled analyses reveal that n-3 supplementation has small effects in reducing pain, tender and swollen joint count, and NSAID intake. The certainty of the evidence is mostly of very low/low quality. Previous findings may have been biased due to inadequate blinding of interventions.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tomas R. Magalhaes, Ronald J. Corbee, Felisbina L. Queiroga, Ana L. Lourenco
Summary: Periodontal disease is a common oral disorder in cats, caused by inflammation in response to bacterial plaque. Treatment options vary depending on the stage of the disease and can include dental scaling, localized application of perioceutics, tissue regeneration, tooth extraction, and periodontal surgery. As multimodal therapy is often necessary, new approaches are being developed to enhance treatment response. The use of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy has shown potential in humans with periodontal disease, although its efficacy in cats and other companion animals is still uncertain and contradictory. This review aims to assess the potential impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the clinical management of feline periodontal disease based on available evidence.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Teresa Padro, Anallely Lopez-Yerena, Antonio Perez, Gemma Vilahur, Lina Badimon
Summary: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex particles that have multiple cardiovascular protective properties. Diet, specifically supplementation with ?3 and phytosterols, has been shown to improve the lipid profile of HDL. This study found that ?3 supplementation had greater effects on HDL lipidome compared to phytosterols, particularly in cholesteryl esters (CEs). Furthermore, the HDL lipidome was found to be sex-dependent. Overall, this study highlights the importance of diet and sex in modulating the HDL lipid profile.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jerusa da Mota Santana, Marcos Pereira, Gisele Queiroz Carvalho, Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos, Ana Marlucia Oliveira
Summary: This study found that plasma levels of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids during pregnancy are associated with weight gain. Women with higher ARA/LA ratio (ω-6) and lower levels of α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and EPA/ALA ratio (ω-3) had the greatest weight gain.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Komal Ashokbhai Vora, Craig F. Munns, Kim C. Donaghue, Maria E. Craig, Julie Briody, Paul Benitez-Aguirre
Summary: This study describes bone mineral density, bone structure, and fracture prevalence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and explores their associations with glycemic control and microvascular complications. The findings suggest that adolescents with type 1 diabetes may have site-specific bone deficits in upper and lower limbs, but normal overall bone density in the spine. These results provide a basis for future research on fracture risk in this population.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Angela Titmuss, Anita D'Aprano, Federica Barzi, Alex D. H. Brown, Anna Wood, Christine Connors, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Elizabeth Moore, Kerin O'Dea, Jeremy Oats, H. David McIntyre, Paul Zimmet, Jonathan E. Shaw, Maria E. Craig, Louise J. Maple-Brown
Summary: This study found that hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with increased developmental risk in children, particularly in the areas of fine motor skills and problem-solving. The findings suggest that interventions targeting maternal hyperglycemia may help optimize developmental trajectories in children.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Megan L. Gow, Yei W. Lam, Hiba Jebeile, Maria E. Craig, Daniella Susic, Amanda Henry
Summary: The study found a significant association between depression scores during pregnancy and postpartum depression, emphasizing the importance of screening for depression during pregnancy and postnatally. After adjusting for various factors, the correlation between diet quality during the third trimester of pregnancy and depression was only observed during the same trimester.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Digby W. Allen, Maria E. Craig, Kim C. Donaghue
Article
Pediatrics
Joel Vanderniet, Kristen A. Neville, Louise S. Conwell, Eva A. Wegner, Maria E. Craig, Susan Adams, Andrew J. Gifford, Melissa Koutsiofi, Frances M. Calabria, Gemma Maguire, Paul Thomas, Louise Campbell, Helen J. Woodhead
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anju Virmani, Stuart J. Brink, Angela Middlehurst, Fauzia Mohsin, Franco Giraudo, Archana Sarda, Sana Ajmal, Julia E. von Oettingen, Kuben Pillay, Supawadee Likitmaskul, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Maria E. Craig
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Diana M. M. Bond, Radhika Seimon, Francisco J. J. Schneuer, Louise A. A. Baur, Maria Craig, Shirley Alexander, Sarah P. P. Garnett, Joanne Henderson, Natasha Nassar
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that the immediate effects of COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions have led to increased weight in children and adolescents. However, the longer-term effects have not been assessed. This study examines the impact and longer-term effects of the pandemic on BMI and weight status in children and adolescents using clinical data from two children's hospitals in Australia from 2018 to 2021. The study found an initial increase in BMI and overweight/obesity rates, but these returned to pre-pandemic levels over time, possibly due to state-wide policies targeting childhood obesity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Helena C. Oakey, Lynne L. Giles, Rebecca Thomson, Kim-Anh Le Cao, Pat D. Ashwood, James J. Brown, Emma C. Knight, Simon E. Barry, Maria G. Craig, Peter A. Colman, Elizabeth E. Davis, Emma C. Hamilton-Williams, Leonard Harrison, Aveni Haynes, Ki Wook Kim, Kylie-Ann Mallitt, Kelly McGorm, Grant D. Morahan, William O. Rawlinson, Richard Sinnott, Georgia M. Soldatos, John J. Wentworth, Jennifer Couper, Megan A. S. Penno, ENDIA Study Grp
Summary: The ENDIA nested case-control study will utilize longitudinal omics data to explore the developmental origins of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 190 children at risk, including 54 who have developed islet autoimmunity (IA), by collecting data during pregnancy, at birth, and in early childhood.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Roy Wu, Mohsin Mumtaz, Anna J. J. Maxwell, Sonia R. R. Isaacs, Jutta E. E. Laiho, William D. D. Rawlinson, Heikki Hyoty, Maria E. E. Craig, Ki Wook Kim
Summary: Among environmental factors associated with T1D, enterovirus infections have been identified as the main trigger for T1D development. However, the association between respiratory tract infections and T1D is not well understood. There is a lack of molecular-level data characterizing infectious agents, preventing the identification of specific agents driving the association between respiratory infections and T1D. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on IA/T1D development remains unclear.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa N. Yelland, Thomas R. Sullivan, Robert A. Gibson, Lucy A. Simmonds, Sagar K. Thakkar, Fang Huang, Surabhi Devaraj, Karen P. Best, Irma Silva Zolezzi, Maria Makrides
Summary: This study aimed to identify the maternal characteristics that predict whether women with a singleton pregnancy will benefit from omega-3 supplementation to reduce their risk of prematurity. The results showed that women with low omega-3 levels in early pregnancy benefit the most from taking omega-3 supplements to reduce the risk of early preterm birth (EPTB). In addition, multiparous women and those who avoid alcohol before pregnancy are more likely to benefit from omega-3 supplementation in reducing preterm birth (PTB) risk.
Article
Pediatrics
Kelly D. McGorm, James G. Brown, Alison Roberts, Susan Greenbank, Daniella Brasacchio, Alyssa C. P. Sawyer, Helena G. Oakey, Peter E. Colman, Maria A. Craig, Elizabeth Davis, Georgia L. Soldatos, Rebecca M. Thomson, John J. Wentworth, Jennifer Couper, Megan A. S. Penno
Summary: This study examined the research experiences of caregivers and their children in the ENDIA study. The results showed that 95% of caregivers rated the research experience as excellent or good, and 81% of children expressed satisfaction. Caregivers were motivated by contributing to research and monitoring their children for T1D. The children's preferences were different from their caregivers', with a dislike for blood tests being the main reason for potential withdrawal.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Lisa N. Yelland, Jennie Louise, Brennan C. Kahan, Tim P. Morris, Katherine J. Lee, Thomas R. Sullivan
Summary: Many trials use stratified randomisation to allocate participants, but it is unclear how to adjust for stratification variables affected by misclassification. A simulation study comparing different adjustment methods for continuous outcomes was conducted. Adjusting for the true strata was found to be optimal, while adjusting for the randomisation strata or the updated strata depended on the specific setting. The updated strata method is recommended for adjustment, along with subgroup analyses, in order to address stratification errors in practice.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas R. Sullivan, Lisa N. Yelland, Robert A. Gibson, Sagar K. Thakkar, Fang Huang, Karen P. Best, Surabhi Devaraj, Irma Silva Zolezzi, Maria Makrides
Summary: The Omega-3 to Reduce the Incidence of Prematurity (ORIP) trial found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can reduce the risk of prematurity in singleton pregnancies with low n-3 status early on. There are certain factors, such as age, education level, alcohol consumption, previous births, and dietary supplement intake, that are associated with compliance with the supplementation. The study also found that the supplementation can reduce the risk of preterm birth in compliant women, but not early preterm birth.
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
B. J. Varley, R. Nasir, M. R. Skilton, M. E. Craig, M. L. Gow
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. Haynes, A. Tully, G. J. Smith, M. A. S. Penno, M. E. Craig, J. M. Wentworth, M. Harris, P. G. Colman, G. Soldatos, A. J. Anderson, K. J. McGorm, H. Oakey, J. Couper, E. A. Davis
