Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ivana Djuricic, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Oxidative stress and inflammation are important contributors to chronic non-communicable diseases. Different types of fatty acids have varying effects on chronic diseases, with moderate intake of Ω-6 fatty acids lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and Ω-3 fatty acids helping to reduce inflammation levels.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
J. Stanhiser, A. M. Z. Jukic, D. R. McConnaughey, A. Z. Steiner
Summary: The study found that self-reported use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements was associated with an increased probability of conceiving.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Cardim Lessa, Fabio de Abreu Alves, Erika Fortunati, Jun Lu
Summary: Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful condition caused by cancer treatments, impacting patients' quality of life and recovery. Current management strategies are insufficient, necessitating a search for new approaches. Utilizing ω-3 fatty acids to manage OM may be an effective strategy based on preliminary evidence.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luisa Martins Miller, Flavia Benetti Piccinin, Ubele van der Velden, Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
Summary: This systematic review examined the additional effect of taking omega-3 supplements on non-surgical periodontal therapy. The results showed a high level of uncertainty and no definitive conclusion about the benefits of omega-3 supplementation. However, two six-month studies showed promising effects, which encourage further research with better-defined protocols and greater methodological rigor.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Lena Stiefvatter, Katja Lehnert, Konstantin Frick, Alexander Montoya-Arroyo, Jan Frank, Walter Vetter, Ulrike Schmid-Staiger, Stephan C. Bischoff
Summary: The microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is a valuable source of nutrients such as proteins, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids like fucoxanthin (FX), and beta-glucans. Intake of PT leads to an increase in n-3 PUFA and EPA levels, while also decreasing the n-6:n-3 ratio in plasma. The study shows that PT is a safe and effective source of EPA and other nutrients, suggesting its potential as a sustainable food source.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xuefei Li, Zhengjie Lu, Yongjian Qi, Biao Chen, Bin Li
Summary: This study used the Mendelian randomization approach to explore the potential causal relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and osteoarthritis (OA), and found that higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids may reduce the risk of knee OA and hip OA. These results highlight the importance of maintaining optimal levels of PUFAs, especially omega-6 fatty acids, in individuals with a genetic predisposition to OA.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel Rodriguez, Carl J. Lavie, Andrew Elagizi, Richard V. Milani
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of using omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases and summarizes related research and recommendations.
Review
Psychiatry
Katherine H. O. Deane, Oluseyi F. Jimoh, Priti Biswas, Alex O'Brien, Sarah Hanson, Asmaa S. Abdelhamid, Chris Fox, Lee Hooper
Summary: The study found that increasing long-chain Omega-3 has little or no effect on preventing depression and anxiety symptoms, while increasing alpha-linolenic acid may slightly increase the risk of depression symptoms, but with low-quality evidence.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Dimitra Karageorgou, Ulrika Rova, Paul Christakopoulos, Petros Katapodis, Leonidas Matsakas, Alok Patel
Summary: This review summarizes the role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, determined by chain length, saturation degree, and position of double bonds, in human health. It highlights oleaginous microalgae as a reliable, economical, and sustainable source of these fatty acids. Humans cannot synthesize these fatty acids and need to absorb them through the diet. The demand for microbial omega-3 fatty acids is increasing due to the growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and changing dietary preferences. The importance of a healthy immune system, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, has further strengthened the market for omega-3 fatty acids.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaitlyn B. Hartnett, Bradley J. Ferguson, Patrick M. Hecht, Luke E. Schuster, Joel I. Shenker, David R. Mehr, Kevin L. Fritsche, Martha A. Belury, Douglas W. Scharre, Adam J. Horwitz, Briana M. Kille, Briann E. Sutton, Paul E. Tatum, C. Michael Greenlief, David Q. Beversdorf
Summary: This pilot study aimed to explore the relationship between stress exposure and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake in relation to the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed that among individuals with high stress exposure, healthy controls had significantly higher omega-3 fatty acid intake compared to AD patients. No difference was observed among those with low stress exposure. These preliminary findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may mitigate AD risk in the setting of greater stress exposure.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Roxana Coras, Brian Pedersen, Rekha Narasimhan, Anahy Brandy, Lourdes Mateo, Agueda Prior-Espanol, Arthur Kavanaugh, Aaron M. Armando, Mohit Jain, Oswald Quehenberger, Melania Martinez-Morillo, Monica Guma
Summary: The study revealed that arthritis symptoms in older adults were related to disturbances in serum oxylipins, suggesting that certain oxylipins may be key effectors in arthritis in this population.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Arti Kumari, Sunil Pabbi, Aruna Tyagi
Summary: Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, are essential for human health and must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Traditional sources include vegetable oils and fish, but concerns about sustainability and contamination have led to the exploration of alternative sources, such as microalgae. This review discusses strategies for enhancing EPA and DHA production in microalgae, including strain selection, cultivation optimization, and genetic engineering. These approaches pave the way for large-scale production of EPA and DHA to promote human health.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Renata da Conceicao Silva Chaves, Odaleia Barbosa Aguiar, Arlinda B. Moreno, Andre R. Brunoni, Maria del Carmem B. Molina, Maria Carmen Viana, Isabela Bensonor, Rosane H. Griep, Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca
Summary: This study found that consuming omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the risk of depressive episodes in adults and elderly adults, which is significant for the prevention and treatment of depression.
Article
Immunology
Akira Shikuma, Daisuke Kami, Ryotaro Maeda, Yosuke Suzuki, Arata Sano, Toshihiko Taya, Takehiro Ogata, Anne Konkel, Satoaki Matoba, Wolf-Hagen Schunck, Satoshi Gojo
Summary: EEQ-A exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, improving survival rate and reducing organ damage in sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Siobhan C. Strike, Alison Carlisle, E. Leigh Gibson, Simon C. Dyall
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2016)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simon C. Dyall
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Orli Thau-Zuchman, Rita N. Gomes, Simon C. Dyall, Meirion Davies, John V. Priestley, Martine Groenendijk, Martijn C. De Wilde, Jordi L. Tremoleda, Adina T. Michael-Titus
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Fairbairn, Fotini Tsofliou, Andrew Johnson, Simon C. Dyall
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2019)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabell Nessel, Minesh Khashu, Simon C. Dyall
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2019)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paul Fairbairn, Fotini Tsofliou, Andrew Johnson, Simon C. Dyall
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabell Nessel, Laura De Rooy, Minesh Khashu, Jane L. Murphy, Simon C. Dyall
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
I. Nessel, M. Khashu, S. C. Dyall
Summary: The study found that storage conditions of preterm formula milk do not support in utero accretion rates for LCPUFAs. Although it is clear that powdered formula is more susceptible to lipid peroxidation during refrigeration, specific recommendations still require further research.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christos F. Kelaiditis, E. Leigh Gibson, Simon C. Dyall
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of a high eicosapentaenoic acid multinutrient supplement on anxiety and depression in healthy university students through a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The primary outcome is improvement in anxiety assessed via the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 scale. The study will last for 24 weeks with participants receiving active treatment or placebo.
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paul Fairbairn, Simon C. Dyall, Fotini Tsofliou
Summary: There is evidence to suggest that increasing intake of both B vitamins and n-3 PUFA may benefit cognition in older adults. This systematic review found that a combination of n-3 PUFA and B vitamins as part of a multi-nutrient formula improves cognitive function in older adults compared to a placebo.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simon C. Dyall, Laurence Balas, Nicolas G. Bazan, J. Thomas Brenna, Nan Chiang, Felipe da Costa Souza, Jesmond Dalli, Thierry Durand, Jean-Marie Galano, Pamela J. Lein, Charles N. Serhan, Ameer Y. Taha
Summary: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important components of cell membranes and play a role in cellular function. They can also serve as precursors for lipid mediators called oxylipins. Oxylipins are formed through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways and include eicosanoids and other lipid mediators. This review summarizes current knowledge about the structure and functions of nonclassical oxylipins.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christos F. Kelaiditis, E. Leigh Gibson, Simon C. Dyall
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of ten randomized controlled trials with a total of 1426 participants. The results showed that EPA-enriched interventions with proportions > 60% of total EPA + DHA and doses between > 1 g/day and < 2 g/day significantly reduced the severity of depression. However, EPA doses > 2 g/day did not show significant therapeutic effects. The efficacy of EPA, DHA, and DPAn-3 in reducing anxiety severity was uncertain. More high-quality trials are needed to further explore the therapeutic potential of these omega-3 PUFAs.
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael A. Crawford, Andrew J. Sinclair, Yiqun Wang, Walter F. Schmidt, C. Leigh Broadhurst, Simon C. Dyall, Larry Horn, J. Thomas Brenna, Mark R. Johnson
Summary: In George Wald's Nobel Prize acceptance speech, he proposed a hypothesis that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) traps the energy released during the visual process and carries it to the brain, explaining the previously unresolved issues of information transfer speed and photon wavelength conservation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
L. De Rooy, H. Hamdallah, S. C. Dyall
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2017)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Orli Thau-Zuchman, Linda Svendsen, Simon C. Dyall, Ursula Paredes-Esquivel, Molly Rhodes, John Priestley, Rene G. Feichtinger, Barbara Kofler, Susanne Lotstra, J. Martin Verkuyl, Robert J. Hageman, Laus M. Broersen, Nick van Wijk, Jose P. Silva, Jordi L. Tremoleda, Adina T. Michael-Titus
Summary: The new ketogenic diet (KD) with a ratio of 2:1 of fat to carbohydrate plus protein showed neuroprotective potential in adult traumatic brain injury (TBI). It significantly improved sensorimotor deficits and spatial memory, reduced lesion size, inflammation, oxidation, and oligodendrocyte loss. The new formulation demonstrated therapeutic potential in adult TBI by enhancing the mTOR pathway and histone modifications.