Article
Environmental Sciences
Mlamuli Ndabambi, Ki Yong Kim, Jee-Hyun Jung, Un-Hyuk Yim, Jeong-Eun Oh
Summary: The study investigated the biotransformation and tissue distribution of methylated phenanthrenes in black rockfish, and identified these compounds as potential biomarkers of rockfish exposure to petrogenic PAHs that can be effectively eliminated from the fish's body.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joan Zapiter, Jeffrey R. Harmer, Michel Struwe, Axel Scheidig, Bernd Clement, Paul Bernhardt
Summary: In this study, mARC1 and mARC2 were successfully immobilised on glassy carbon electrodes, and the redox potentials of the enzymes were determined using electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements. The kinetic parameters and apparent Michaelis constants of benzamidoxime reduction were obtained. The pH dependence and stability of the enzyme electrode were also investigated, demonstrating good stability over a period of at least 9 days.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joan Zapiter, Jeffrey R. Harmer, Michel Struwe, Axel Scheidig, Bernd Clement, Paul Bernhardt
Summary: In this study, human mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1 and 2 (mARC1 and mARC2) were immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes using the crosslinker glutaraldehyde. Voltammetry experiments were performed with the electron transfer mediator methyl viologen, and the redox potentials of the enzymes were determined. The apparent Michaelis constants obtained from the experiments were comparable to those reported in previous literature. The kinetic parameters for the reduction of benzamidoxime were determined from simulated cyclic voltammograms, and the stability of the enzyme electrode over time was also evaluated. The results demonstrate that this biosensor is effective in screening new pharmaceutically important substrates and mARC inhibitors.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dandan Luo, Yinsi Lin, Jiannan Chen, Xiaoqi Huang, Youliang Xie, Yuhong Liu, Suiqin Ni, Ziren Su, Yucui Li, Zhenbiao Zhang
Summary: This study found that curcumin can be metabolized into octahydrocurcumin stereoisomers, and (3R,5S)-octahydrocurcumin and (3S,5S)-octahydrocurcumin have different effects on metabolic enzymes and bioactivities. Further experiments showed that (3S,5S)-octahydrocurcumin has a stronger liver-protective effect and is more effective in acetaminophen-induced cell injury.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ashley S. Meakin, Jack R. T. Darby, Stacey L. Holman, Michael D. Wiese, Janna L. Morrison
Summary: This study found that maternal hypoglycemia may reduce the activity of CYP1A2 in the maternal-fetal-placental unit, leading to increased exposure of the developing fetus to CYP1A2-specific substances. This suggests the need for further consideration of drug dosing adjustments in cases of late gestation maternal undernutrition.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiawei Chang, Hao Chen, Jia Chen, Xuehu Sun, Xuesheng Wu, Lei Liu, Zhouwei Xu, Weidong Chen, Jianlin Zhang, Xingyu Wang, Qingwang Liu
Summary: This study investigated the in vitro metabolism of cabozantinib in animal species and humans, revealing various metabolites and major metabolic pathways. The research showed that cabozantinib is primarily metabolized by the enzyme CYP3A4, providing valuable metabolic data for safety and efficacy assessment of the drug.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William R. Arnold, Lauren N. Carnevale, Zili Xie, Javier L. Baylon, Emad Tajkhorshid, Hongzhen Hu, Aditi Das
Summary: Endocannabinoids formed by epoxidation reciprocally modulate canabinoid receptors and display anti-inflammatory activity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Miao Yang, Kanmin Mao, Xin Cao, Hongjuan Liu, Xinzheng Wang, Weifeng Mao, Liping Hao
Summary: The metabolism and elimination kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) were studied after single exposure to different combinations of PAHs (PAH4). Serum and urine samples were collected at six intervals over 72 hours post-dosing to detect OH-PAHs. The mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) were determined to assess the expression induction of PAH metabolic enzymes. Results showed that PAH4 exposure led to increased serum and urinary levels of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, decreased urinary levels of 3-hydroxychrysene, and had no effect on the kinetics of 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene or 1-hydroxypyrene. PAH4 exposure also significantly induced the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. These findings suggest that the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene is accelerated after PAH4 exposure, possibly due to the induction of CYPs. The results also indicate potential interactions among PAHs in PAH4 mixtures.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Junxiu Wang, Yong Li, Xinwei Wang, Ke Cao, Gengrui Zhu, Weichao Fang, Changwen Chen, Jinlong Wu, Jian Guo, Qiang Xu, Lirong Wang
Summary: This study discovers that Prunus davidiana, a wild relative of cultivated peach, utilizes betulin as a key defensive metabolite to protect against aphid attacks. Betulin exhibits toxic properties towards pests but not beneficial insects. The cytochrome P450 gene PpCYP716A1 is responsible for the synthesis of betulin.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rodrigo Zamith Cunha, Augusta Zannoni, Giulia Salamanca, Margherita De Silva, Riccardo Rinnovati, Alessandro Gramenzi, Monica Forni, Roberto Chiocchetti
Summary: The study found that the CB1R, CB2R, TRPV1, GPR55, and PPAR alpha receptors are present in the synovial cells of the metacarpophalangeal joint. These findings suggest that targeting these receptors could be a potential therapeutic approach for reducing joint inflammation in horses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Maisa Daniela Habenschus, Daniel Blascke Carrao, Nayara Cristina Perez de Albuquerque, Icaro Salgado Perovani, Rodrigo Moreira da Silva, Viviani Nardini, Norberto Peporine Lopes, Luis Gustavo Dias, Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
Summary: The study investigated the inhibitory potential of the fungicide Tebuconazole on human liver microsomes and found that it may potentially cause pesticide-drug interactions by inhibiting CYP450 enzymes.
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shuaibing Liu, Lei Hou, Cai Li, Yibo Zhao, Xia Yao, Xiaojian Zhang, Xin Tian
Summary: Ticagrelor metabolism to its glucuronide conjugation was well characterized in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Multiple UGT isoforms, especially UGT1A9, play important roles in the conversion of ticagrelor to ticagrelor-O-glucuronide. Ticagrelor and its glucuronide have limited inhibitory effects on CYP enzymes.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Emma Eckernas, Alicia Macan-Schonleben, Moa Andresen-Bergstrom, Sofia Birgersson, Kurt-Jurgen Hoffmann, Michael Ashton
Summary: The study investigated the metabolic pathways of N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) to ensure its safe and effective use. It found that CYP2D6 plays a major role in the metabolism of DMT, while other CYP enzymes do not affect its metabolism. Analysis of incubates with CYP2D6 showed the formation of various metabolites, possibly through hydroxylation on the indole core. Further research is needed to understand the in vivo role and pharmacological activity of these metabolites.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amira Hussain, Declan P. Naughton, James Barker
Summary: This study examined the inhibitory potency of ibuprofen, remdesivir, and omeprazole on cytochrome P450 enzymes using rat liver microsomes in vitro. The results showed that ibuprofen acts as a non-competitive inhibitor, while remdesivir exhibits a mixed inhibition pattern, and omeprazole inhibits enzyme activity uncompetitively.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubham K. Jaiswal, Shitij Manojkumar Agarwal, Parikshit Thodum, Vineet K. Sharma
Summary: SkinBug is a tool for predicting metabolic reactions of skin microbiome, with a curated database of metabolic enzymes from various skin sites achieving an accuracy of up to 82.4%. It predicts all possible metabolic reactions and related information, with important applications in exposome and microbiome studies, dermatology, and skin cancer research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Doha M. Beltagy, Nagat F. Nawar, Tarek M. Mohamed, Ehab Tousson, Mai M. El-Keey
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of nanocurcumin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and its synergistic effects with Donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in rats. The results showed that treatment with nanocurcumin improved memory, locomotion, and neuronal differentiation by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3 beta pathway.
PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS
(2024)