Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Daniel R. Muhs
Summary: This passage mainly introduces the records of MIS 5e coastal terraces and coral reef terraces along the Pacific coast of North America, as well as the results of related chronostratigraphic studies. The shoreline angle is the primary indicator of paleo-sea level during MIS 5e, and chronology is determined mainly through uranium-series ages and amino acid ratios. The passage also mentions that sea surface temperatures were higher during MIS 5e compared to present, and there was no wholesale shift in faunal provinces. The tectonic activity in the region and the glacial isostatic adjustment processes contributed to the high sea stands during MIS 5e. Additionally, it introduces the records of earlier interglacial periods and the cooling trend during MIS 5a.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guoxing Chen, Wei-Chyung Wang, Chao-Tzuen Cheng, Huang-Hsiung Hsu
Summary: This study used a pseudo-global warming approach to investigate the responses of 93 winter extreme snowstorm events along the coast of the northeast United States under global warming conditions. Results showed that warming and increased moisture tend to decrease snowfall along the coast but increase rainfall throughout the region, with compensating changes in total precipitation in different cities. Additionally, the study found a southwestward shift in regional precipitation distribution and an increase in events with mixed rain and snow due to the northward retreat of the 0 degrees C line and expansion of the near-freezing zone.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Cheriyeri Poyil Abdulla, Valliyil Mohammed Aboobacker, Ponnumony Vethamony
Summary: This study investigates the extreme wind climate and its variability in the southwest coast of India, particularly the Kerala coast. The findings reveal a dominant direction of high wind speeds in the SW-WNW sector and distinct seasonal variations. The 99th percentile wind speeds show a significant decreasing trend during the period 1979-2021, which can be attributed to regional variability and weakening of the land-sea thermal gradients associated with global warming. Additionally, atmospheric teleconnections associated with El Nino-La Nina events and Indian Ocean Dipole play an important role in the variability of extreme wind speeds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lianjun Yang, Taoyong Jin, Mingyu Xiao, Xianwen Gao, Weiping Jiang, Jiancheng Li
Summary: Analyzing extreme event features and estimating their probabilities require comprehensive storm surge records, which are often lacking. We propose a novel regional modeling framework based on machine learning to reconstruct long storm surge records and estimate surges at both gauged and ungauged locations simultaneously.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jihwan Kim, Rachid Omira
Summary: A detailed study was conducted on the meteotsunami that occurred along the coast of Portugal in 2010, using atmospheric pressure data to numerically simulate the sea surface. The research findings suggest that meteotsunamis could pose a real threat, especially in highly populated areas like the Portuguese coast.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dillon J. Amaya, Michael G. Jacox, Michael A. Alexander, James D. Scott, Clara Deser, Antonietta Capotondi, Adam S. Phillips
Summary: Recently, there has been considerable focus on understanding marine heatwaves (MHWs), known as warm ocean temperature extremes. However, most research has concentrated on surface MHWs (SMHW), neglecting the impacts of extreme warming on the seafloor. This study examines bottom marine heatwaves (BMHW) using high-resolution ocean reanalysis, revealing that BMHWs can be more intense and long-lasting than SMHWs, and they can occur independently of SMHWs in deeper regions where the mixed layer does not reach the seafloor with synchronicity between BMHWs and SMHWs typically decreasing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hui Ding, Michael A. Alexander, Mingfang Ting
Summary: The wind-driven circulation plays a crucial role in maintaining upwelling in the California Current System, and the North Pacific high affects the surface winds along the North American west coast in summer. The strength of subsidence has a larger impact on coastal winds than variability in sea level pressure. Future changes in upwelling are more closely related to changes in subsidence than in sea level pressure.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Cecili B. Mendes, Paul Delaney, James M. Turbeville, Terra Hiebert, Svetlana Maslakova
Summary: This study provides evidence that Emplectonema viride is distinct from Emplectonema gracile and re-describes E. viride to improve nomenclatural stability. The resurrection of E. viride as the type species of the genus Emplectonema is proposed following Corr?a's designation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Huanping Huang, Christina M. Patricola, Jonathan M. Winter, Erich C. Osterberg, Justin S. Mankin
Summary: The study reveals that extreme precipitation in the Northeastern United States has significantly increased since 1996, partly due to external forcings associated with warming Atlantic sea surface temperatures. Additionally, anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases have been found to play an important role in driving changes in sea surface temperatures.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicholas Schmuck, Joshua Reuther, James F. Baichtal, Risa J. Carlson
Summary: This study emphasizes the significance of recognizing the marine reservoir effect in radiocarbon analysis and provides a local evaluation of MRE, showing both local variability and regional correlation with coastal upwelling. Regional Delta R averages fluctuate during specific time periods, affecting calibrations of archaeological and paleontological specimens.
QUATERNARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tobias Wolf, Stephen Outten, Fabio Mangini, Linling Chen, Jan Even oie Nilsen
Summary: Observed extreme sea levels are caused by a combination of extreme astronomical tide and extreme storm surge, or by an extreme value in one of these variables and a moderate value in the other. We analyzed measurements from the Norwegian tide gauge network together with storm track data to assess cases of extreme sea level and storm surges. This study suggests the possibility of flooding events where extreme tides and storm surges co-occur, exceeding existing sea level records and national building standards. It also proposes a three-variable approach to assess extreme sea level return values instead of the current one- or two-variable approach.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lotte Janssens, Eva Garcia-Vazquez
Summary: Research in central north coast of Spain found that herbivorous topshells contained more microplastics than carnivorous anemones, with fibers being the most common particles and colors including transparent, blue, and black. The sampled items also contained harmful compounds, highlighting the need for studies on seafood safety.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. Sreeraj, P. Swapna, R. Krishnan, A. G. Nidheesh, N. Sandeep
Summary: Anthropogenic sea-level rise poses challenges to coastal areas globally. The combined influence of rising mean sea level and storm surges exacerbates the extreme sea level along the Indian Ocean coastlines. Rising mean sea level and intensifying tropical cyclones are the primary contributors to the increase in extreme sea level. According to projections, by 2100, the Indian Ocean region will experience the present-day 100 year extreme sea level event annually.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jian Shi, Kaijun Wu, Weihong Qian, Fei Huang, Chun Li, Cong Tang
Summary: The study found a significant weakening trend in the intensity of winter cold extremes in NWNA, attributed to factors such as the intensified Beaufort anticyclone and enhanced blocking high pressure at higher levels. The results also suggest that La Nina-like sea surface temperature anomalies may serve as a precursor for the cold extremes in NWNA, exerting significant influence on them.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ethan J. Theuerkauf, Katherine N. Braun
Summary: Research shows that Lake Michigan reached record high water levels in the 2010s, leading to significantly higher habitat loss rates along the coast compared to the previous century. It is expected that climate change may increase the variability of water level fluctuations in the Great Lakes, potentially exacerbating coastal habitat loss in the future.
JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
R. M. Holmes, J. D. Zika, S. M. Griffies, A. McC. Hogg, A. E. Kiss, M. H. England
Summary: The study introduces a water mass transformation-based method for quantifying numerical mixing in ocean models, revealing that it is prominent in the tropical thermocline and sensitive to the presence of explicit neutral diffusion at colder temperatures. Additionally, the research shows that under certain conditions numerical mixing can be reduced by almost 35%.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Charles X. Light, Brian K. Arbic, Paige E. Martin, Laurent Brodeau, J. Thomas Farrar, Stephen M. Griffies, Ben P. Kirtman, Lucas C. Laurindo, Dimitris Menemenlis, Andrea Molod, Arin D. Nelson, Ebenezer Nyadjro, Amanda K. O'Rourke, Jay F. Shriver, Leo Siqueira, R. Justin Small, Ehud Strobach
Summary: This paper investigates high-frequency variability of precipitation using various models and methods, and finds that high-resolution models yield results closer to observations. Increasing model grid spacing generally increases high-frequency precipitation variance in climate modeling.
Article
Oceanography
Houssam Yassin, Stephen M. Griffies
Summary: The discrete baroclinic modes in quasigeostrophic theory are incomplete and result in a loss of information during the projection process. By considering the traditional Rossby wave problem with prescribed buoyancy gradients, a complete normal-mode basis can be obtained. The study also examines the quasigeostrophic vertical velocity modes and derives a complete basis for these modes. These findings have significant implications for the development of wave-interaction theory of geostrophic turbulence that incorporates topography.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Brandon G. Reichl, Alistair Adcroft, Stephen M. Griffies, Robert Hallberg
Summary: Turbulent mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer leads to the presence of a surface mixed layer, which is important for various phenomena. The vertical extent of the mixed layer can be estimated using different definitions, causing uncertainties in identifying it. This study proposes defining the mixed layer depth (MLD) based on potential energy (PE) principles to provide a consistent and accurate identification method. The PE anomaly is used to measure the stratification of seawater and determine the depth to which a given energy can homogenize the layer. The MLD defined from the PE anomaly ensures a more consistent identification of the mixed layer and relates to the turbulent kinetic energy budget of the ocean surface boundary layer.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
R. L. Beadling, J. P. Krasting, S. M. Griffies, W. J. Hurlin, B. Bronselaer, J. L. Russell, G. A. MacGilchrist, J. -E. Tesdal, M. Winton
Summary: This study uses two coupled climate models to investigate the physical response of the Southern Ocean to changes in surface wind stress and Antarctic meltwater. The results demonstrate the strong influence of Antarctic meltwater on governing changes in the Antarctic shelf, with the Antarctic Slope Current playing a crucial role in these dynamics.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Houssam Yassin, Stephen M. Griffies
Summary: The study demonstrates that surface geostrophic velocity in regions with mixed layer instability is mainly induced by surface buoyancy anomalies. By considering variable stratification, the study shows that buoyancy anomalies can generate different dynamical regimes depending on the vertical structure of stratification. The different stratification structures result in different velocity fields and surface kinetic energy spectra.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin A. Storer, Michele Buzzicotti, Hemant Khatri, Stephen M. Griffies, Hussein Aluie
Summary: The development of satellite altimetry has led to increased attention on the presence of mesoscale eddies in the ocean. This study introduces a new method to analyze larger scales and reveals the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as the dominant feature of the global circulation. The study also shows seasonal variations in length scales, with different kinetic energy peaks in spring and late summer in both hemispheres.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Hussein Aluie, Shikhar Rai, Hao Yin, Aarne Lees, Dongxiao Zhao, Stephen M. Griffies, Alistair Adcroft, Jessica K. Shang
Summary: The paper highlights the different roles of vorticity and strain in the transport of coarse-grained scalars at large scales of turbulence. It introduces a new multiscale gradient expansion method, and emphasizes that the contribution of subscale vorticity is solely a conservative advection.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
P. B. Goddard, B. Kravitz, D. G. MacMartin, H. Wang
Summary: Marine cloud brightening and marine sky brightening are proposed as geoengineering methods to mitigate climate change by providing temporary cooling in areas with limited cloud cover. Injecting sea salt into the Gulf of Mexico can change cloud properties and lead to radiative flux changes, with different particle sizes resulting in varying degrees of flux change.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Jan-Erik Tesdal, Graeme A. MacGilchrist, Rebecca L. Beadling, Stephen M. Griffies, John P. Krasting, Paul J. Durack
Summary: Two different climate models have been used to study the impact of wind stress and Antarctic ice sheet melting on the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SO MOC). The study shows that the largest impact is found in the lower limb of the SO MOC, associated with the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which is enhanced by wind and weakened by AIS meltwater perturbations. Both models indicate a reduction in AABW transport due to AIS melting, however, the higher resolution simulation shows a greater volume deflation of AABW south of 30°S.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Douglas G. Macmartin, Ben Kravitz, Paul B. Goddard
Summary: Regional geoengineering is a means to target specific regional impacts of climate change by reflecting sunlight over a limited spatial domain. Concerns have been raised about the detectable effects of such approaches beyond the targeted region. A few studies have found that when applied to relatively small domains, these approaches only have limited effects on adjacent regions, suggesting the need for distinct governance compared to global sunlight reflection.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gustavo M. Marques, Nora Loose, Elizabeth Yankovsky, Jacob M. Steinberg, Chiung-Yin Chang, Neeraja Bhamidipati, Alistair Adcroft, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Stephen M. Griffies, Robert W. Hallberg, Malte F. Jansen, Hemant Khatri, Laure Zanna
Summary: We describe an idealized primitive-equation model for studying mesoscale turbulence and use a hierarchy of grid resolutions to make eddy-resolving calculations more affordable. The model incorporates intermediate complexity, with idealized basin-scale geometry and non-uniform ocean depth, allowing for mesoscale eddy interactions with topography. The model is perfectly adiabatic and fills a gap between quasi-geostrophic models and idealized general circulation models. Results show that the model is approaching convergence in mean kinetic energy for the ocean mesoscale processes of interest and exhibits a wide range of dynamics due to resolving mesoscale turbulence.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Xiaolong Yu, Jorn Callies, Roy Barkan, Kurt L. Polzin, Eleanor E. Frajka-Williams, Christian E. Buckingham, Stephen M. Griffies
Summary: This study provides an observational assessment of the kinetic energy (KE) transfer between mesoscale and submesoscale motions and discovers the seasonal reversal of KE transfer. The findings partially support previous modeling investigations while also challenging them, indicating a need for further research in this field.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linus Vogt, Friedrich A. Burger, Stephen M. Griffies, Thomas L. Frolicher
Summary: Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are periods of extremely warm ocean temperatures that have devastating impacts on marine organisms and socio-economic systems. This study investigates the local processes that lead to the onset and decline of surface MHWs in different seasons using model data. The findings reveal that MHWs in the subtropics and mid-to-high latitudes are primarily driven by reduced ocean heat loss and increased heat absorption, while in the tropics, reduced ocean heat uptake and weakened vertical mixing cause the warming. In the decline phase, increased ocean heat loss due to enhanced latent heat loss and enhanced vertical mixing dominate the temperature decrease globally. Different types of MHWs with distinct driver combinations are also identified. This study contributes to a better understanding of MHW drivers and processes, and may improve the prediction of high-impact marine heatwaves.
FRONTIERS IN CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chia-Wei Hsu, Jianjun Yin, Stephen M. Griffies, Raphael Dussin
Summary: The study used a global ocean-sea ice model and different datasets to drive ocean-sea ice models, finding biases in dynamic sea level and persistent bias at 9 degrees North. This bias is related to wind stress forcing and geostrophic currents in the 4 to 9 degrees North latitudinal band. The simulation forced by JRA55-do significantly reduces the bias in dynamic sea level trend over the northern tropical Pacific compared to CORE.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
