Article
Neurosciences
Elor Arieli, Nadia Younis, Anan Moran
Summary: The acquisition of new memories involves changes in cellular excitability and synaptic connectivity. By studying the changes in gustatory cortex neuronal taste responses during taste aversion learning, it was found that the progression of activity changes differs at different levels of neuronal organization.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Gangyi Feng, Zhenzhong Gan, Han Gyol Yi, Shawn W. Ell, Casey L. Roark, Suiping Wang, Patrick C. M. Wong, Bharath Chandrasekaran
Summary: Despite the complexity of auditory signals, we quickly learn to categorize novel sounds behaviorally. The neural systems underlying the learning and representation of novel auditory categories are still not well understood. Through functional MRI, researchers found that adults learning different auditory categories showed distinct spatial and temporal patterns in neural activation, which were not driven by underlying dimensions but by category structures and learning strategies.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jaewoong Choi, Geonho Hwang, Myungjoo Kang
Summary: This paper introduces a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) model that can disentangle continuous generative factors in real-world data. By introducing private and public variables, the model separates class-dependent continuous factors from discrete factors. The experiments show that the proposed model can discover private and public factors from the data.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zahra M. Aghajan, Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried
Summary: Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex exhibit spatial periodicity, but it is unclear whether there is periodicity on behaviorally relevant time scales in the human brain. This study investigated neuronal firing during continuous experiences in neurosurgical patients and found neurons that modulate their activity periodically across different time scales, primarily in the entorhinal cortex. These neurons remap their dominant periodicity to shorter time scales during a subsequent memory task. Some of these temporally periodic cells maintain their time scales when the video is presented at different speeds, indicating a degree of invariance. The temporal periodicity of these cells might complement the spatial periodicity of grid cells, providing scalable spatiotemporal metrics for human experience.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Pereira, Pierre Megevand, Mi Xue Tan, Wenwen Chang, Shuo Wang, Ali Rezai, Margitta Seeck, Marco Corniola, Shahan Momjian, Fosco Bernasconi, Olaf Blanke, Nathan Faivre
Summary: Using single-neuron recordings, electroencephalographic recordings, and computational methods, the researchers found that conscious experience and self-reflection are related to a common mechanism of evidence accumulation in the posterior parietal cortex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jonathan J. Chow, Rebecca S. Hofford, Joshua S. Beckmann
Summary: This study showed that neuronal activity measured as cFos expression in the brain regions OFC and NAc was not directly reflective of cocaine preference when cocaine intake was controlled for, but was related to overall cocaine intake in the OFC when cocaine intake varied. The results suggest that controlling for cocaine frequency and intake is important in isolating the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying drug preference.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miroslav Stiburek, Petra Ondrackova, Tereza Tuckova, Sergey Turtaev, Martin Siler, Tomas Pikalek, Petr Jakl, Andre Gomes, Jana Krejci, Petra Kolbabkova, Hana Uhlirova, Tomas Cizmar
Summary: Controlled light transport through multimode fibres is a less traumatic approach to study deep brain structures using in-vivo imaging. The authors present a hair-thin endoscope that enables detailed view of the whole depth of the living animal brain. The instrument allows for multi-wavelength detection and random access options, with high lateral resolution. It can be used for observing neurons, their processes, blood vessels, calcium signaling, and blood flow velocity in individual vessels.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryohei Satoh, Hiroko Eda-Fujiwara, Aiko Watanabe, Yasuharu Okamoto, Takenori Miyamoto, Matthijs A. Zandbergen, Johan J. Bolhuis
Summary: The study reveals the presence of specific subregional associations in auditory memory processing of male budgerigars. Significant positive correlations were found in neuronal activation between subregions in response to mate contact calls, while no such correlations were seen in response to unfamiliar female calls. This suggests a functional division within the caudomedial pallium of male budgerigars that cooperates in the neural representation of auditory memory.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. Collomb, S. J. Bending, A. E. Koshelev, M. P. Smylie, L. Farrar, J-K Bao, D. Y. Chung, M. G. Kanatzidis, W-K Kwok, U. Welp
Summary: Quantitative magnetic imaging of superconducting vortices in RbEuFe4As4 showed a pronounced suppression of superfluid density near the magnetic ordering temperature, indicating a significant exchange interaction between the superconducting and magnetic subsystems. This has important implications for future investigations of physical phenomena arising from the interplay between them.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Artan Sheshmani, Yi-Zhuang You
Summary: We present a construction for categorical representation learning and introduce the foundations of 'categorifier'. The central idea in representation learning is to convert everything into vectors using an encoding map. This article aims to advance representation learning to a new level using a category-theoretic approach and demonstrates the superiority of our categorical learning model over current deep learning models through a text translator example.
MACHINE LEARNING-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Zhenzhong Gan, Lurong Zheng, Suiping Wang, Gangyi Feng
Summary: Understanding how people learn to generalize auditory category knowledge in new situations is a fundamental objective in Auditory Sciences. The dual learning system (DLS) framework proposes explicit and implicit learning systems, but the nature of acquired representations and how they are transferred to new contexts remains unclear. Three experiments were conducted to examine differences between two types of category representations and the factors that affect generalization success. The findings suggest that distinct representations and computational strategies are used to resolve generalization challenges when facing novel perceptual variability in new contexts.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
He Zhu, Yang Chen, Guyue Hu, Shan Yu
Summary: In this paper, the authors propose a method called local activity contrast (LAC) for unsupervised pretraining in deep learning. LAC uses two forward passes and a locally defined loss function to learn meaningful representations, overcoming the complexity of current contrastive learning methods. The authors demonstrate that LAC can be a useful pretraining method, and it exhibits competitive performance in various downstream tasks compared to other unsupervised learning methods.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Joshua Knobe, Fiery Cushman
Summary: The way we represent categories is influenced by both frequency and value. Recent research suggests that memory and value judgments also impact prioritized memory. Although studies on conceptual representation and prioritized memory have been conducted independently, existing findings provide evidence for a link between these two phenomena.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Thomas G. Dietterich, Alex Guyer
Summary: In many object recognition applications, detecting novel category objects is crucial. This paper proposes the Familiarity Hypothesis, which suggests that methods based on the absence of familiar learned features, rather than the presence of novelty, are more effective in detecting such objects.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
(2022)
Article
Economics
Edward Honda
Summary: This study introduces the concept of perception complementarity in a representation for random choice rules, providing a representation theorem and identification result, as well as considering special cases. By introducing the Complemented Perception Categorical Consideration Representation, the model offers a more nuanced understanding of decision-making processes.
