Article
Zoology
Carlo Meloro, Davide Tamagnini
Summary: This study used a large sample of extant species and a combined geometric morphometrics and comparative method approach to investigate the impact of ecological factors on carnivore skull morphology. The results showed that skull morphology is associated with diet at the interspecific scale, but the functional distinction between aquatic and terrestrial species is only valid in mandible shape and cranial size. Specialized dietary groups exhibit high levels of morphological disparity and evolutionary rates, with a positive association between rates and skull size disparity. The cranium and mandible show consistent patterns of covariation, reflecting constrained functional processes. Aquatic adaptations allowed carnivorans to invade novel regions of the mandibular morphospace at a faster rate than terrestrial species.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Ecology
Cecile Barnaud, Florence De Longueville, Gabriel Gonella, Martine Antona, Nicolas Dendoncker, Kerry A. Waylen
Summary: Participatory approaches are widely used in ecosystem services (ES) research, but there is a wide range of practices behind the intention of participatory ES research. A systematic literature review reveals diversity of methods within participatory ES research, including socio-cultural valuation of ES, scientific-driven assessments, and deliberative and collective processes.
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Elif Yildirim, Cetin Ilgaz, Yusuf Kumluta, Kamil Candan, Elnaz Najafimajd, Eyup Baskale, Ugur Kaya
Summary: This study investigates the skeletal development of several species of the family Ranidae from Turkey and compares them with water frog and mountain frog species. The research findings reveal significant differences in cranial and hyobranchial skeletal features among different species.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Roksana Slowik
Summary: In this study, it was shown that there are only two possible Jordan canonical forms for Riordan arrays, with the transition matrix being in the Riordan group only when the Riordan array has one of three specific forms.
RESULTS IN MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Valentina Sostarcic, Roberta Masin, Donato Loddo, Ema Brijacak, Maja Scepanovic
Summary: The study estimated the base temperature and base water potential for four weed species collected from continental Croatia and compared these values with Italian populations. Only the base temperature of Chenopodium album and the base water potential of Amaranthus retroflexus were found to be similar between the two populations. Further field experiments are needed to validate these results.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Justin R. David, Jyotirmoy Mukherjee
Summary: The determinant of co-exact p-forms on spheres and anti-de Sitter spaces can be expressed as an integral transform involving bulk and edge Harish-Chandra characters. The partition function of p-forms follows known properties under Hodge duality, and in even dimensions, it can be represented using only bulk characters. Additionally, entanglement entropy evaluated on hyperbolic cylinders does not incorporate contributions from edge modes, supporting earlier observations.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nora Andermane, Mathilde Bauer, Ediz Sohoglu, Julia Simner, Jamie Ward
Summary: People with misophonia have strong aversive reactions to specific trigger sounds. Machine learning was used to identify a misophonic profile that is transferable across different sounds. Misophonia is characterized by a distinctive reaction to most sounds, with the presence of other co-morbidities like autism and hyperacusis affecting the classification.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mobai Xue, Jun Du, Bin Wang, Bo Ren, Yu Hu
Summary: Despite the growing interest in Chinese character generation, creating a nonexistent character remains a challenge. This study proposes an attention-based generator and a joint optimization approach to training generation-recognition models. The experiment shows that the proposed method improves image quality and increases recognition accuracy for Chinese characters.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter J. Watson, Alana C. Sharp, Tarun Choudhary, Michael J. Fagan, Hugo Dutel, Susan E. Evans, Flora Groning
Summary: The study used computational methods to analyze the biomechanics of rabbit cranium during mastication, showing that most of the cranium, including the unique fenestrated rostrum, transmits masticatory strains. Peak strains were found to be attributed to both incisor and molar biting, indicating a skull shape adapted for a combination of infrequent incisor bites and cyclic molar bites. However, certain regions experienced low peak strain, suggesting they are not designed to resist masticatory forces.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Erin E. Doherty, Xander E. Wilcox, Lenka van Sint Fiet, Cherie Kemmel, Janne J. Turunen, Bart Klein, Dean J. Tantillo, Andrew J. Fisher, Peter A. Beal
Summary: ADARs convert adenosine to inosine in double stranded RNA, which can be directed to target sites by guide strands for correcting disease-causing mutations. Mutating a residue to glutamine results in higher activity, while modification of the guide RNA can mimic hyperactive mutants and increase editing yields. This approach advances the use of endogenous ADARs for directed RNA editing.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Daisuke Koyabu
Summary: Over the past decade, studies combining palaeontology, embryology, and experimental developmental biology have significantly changed our understanding of the homology of the mammalian skull. New evidence suggests the need to revisit and restructure the conventional anatomical terminology used for the components of the mammalian skull, which has been a longstanding unresolved issue since the nineteenth century. This review highlights the overlooked problems related to homology, development, and conservatism of the mammalian skull, with a call for future studies in these areas.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Marcos Jorge Matias Dubeux, Filipe Augusto Cavalcanti do Nascimento, Pedro Henrique dos Santos Dias
Summary: In this paper, the authors re-describe the tadpole of Frostius pernambucensis based on a large sample, providing insights into its internal anatomy and natural history. The paper also discusses the evolution of endotrophy and phytotelma colonization and proposes potential synapomorphies for the genus.
Review
Parasitology
Barbara A. Han, Adrian A. Castellanos, John Paul Schmidt, Ilya R. Fischhoff, John M. Drake
Summary: The order Carnivora includes a wide range of species living in various major biomes. The high diversity of carnivore parasites may pose a risk for emerging diseases in humans. Research suggests that the transmission of zoonotic parasites within carnivores is influenced by the diverse traits of host species in behavior, physiology, and ecology.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Zhenxing Ma, Changfa Zhou
Summary: The phylogenetically problematic Neoephemeridae is a small family of the order Ephemeroptera. The discovery of the new genus Pulchephemera suggests that the species in this family have a more primitive position than previously thought.
Review
Pediatrics
Bengt Fadeel, Daniel Garwicz, Goran Carlsson, Bengt Sandstedt, Magnus Nordenskjold
Summary: Kostmann disease, also known as congenital neutropenia, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by maturation arrest of myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and reduced neutrophil numbers. Mutations in genes related to programmed cell death play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease, leading to recurrent infections in affected individuals.