期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 281, 期 1791, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1226
关键词
conditional dispersal; local competition; unconditional dispersal; phenotypic plasticity; spatial and temporal heterogeneity
资金
- PDBC-IGC
- FCT [SFRH/BD/33851/2009]
- Leverhulme Trust
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/33851/2009] Funding Source: FCT
Understanding the evolution of density-dependent dispersal strategies has been a major challenge for evolutionary ecologists. Some existing models suggest that selection should favour positive and others negative density-dependence in dispersal. Here, we develop a general model that shows how and why selection may shift from positive to negative density-dependence in response to key ecological factors, in particular the temporal stability of the environment. We find that in temporally stable environments, particularly with low dispersal costs and large group sizes, habitat heterogeneity selects for negative density-dependent dispersal, whereas in temporally variable environments, particularly with high dispersal costs and small group sizes, habitat heterogeneity selects for positive density-dependent dispersal. This shift reflects the changing balance between the greater competition for breeding opportunities in more productive patches, versus the greater long-term value of offspring that establish themselves there, the latter being very sensitive to the temporal stability of the environment. In general, dispersal of individuals out of low-density patches is much more sensitive to habitat heterogeneity than is dispersal out of high-density patches.
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