Article
Food Science & Technology
Jingting Guo, Yawen Li, Yangbing Yuan, Xusheng Li, Xiao Li, Xinwei Jiang, Weibin Bai, Rui Jiao
Summary: This study found that 10-gingerol is more effective in reducing cholesterol levels compared to 6-gingerol and 8-gingerol. It also up-regulates LDLR expression through the SREBP-2 pathway and down-regulates PCSK9 expression. Additionally, 10-gingerol enhances genes related to cholesterol efflux and bile acid expression through LXR alpha, PPAR gamma, and CYP7A1.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuhiro Endo, Masanori Fujita, Katsunori Ikewaki
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Recent epidemiology studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and CVD mortality, with increased mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors has shown limited efficacy in reducing CVD events. As a result, the focus has shifted to evaluating HDL functionality as a novel biomarker for CVD risk. This review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives on HDL functions, based on findings from basic research and clinical trials.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alyann Otrante, Amal Trigui, Roua Walha, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: EVOO intake improves cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL in elderly subjects by modulating the distribution of HDL subclasses, leading to enhanced anti-atherogenic activity of HDL.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Qidi Ying, Annalisa Ronca, Dick C. Chan, Jing Pang, Elda Favari, Gerald F. Watts
Summary: The study found that evolocumab and atorvastatin can decrease the capacity of whole plasma to efflux cellular cholesterol in normolipidaemic men, which may be mainly due to a decrease in the availability of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hangyuan He, Mengting Lu, Huasong Shi, Guoping Yue, Hanwen Luo
Summary: This study explored the role of Vaspin and cholesterol metabolism in osteoarthritis (OA) through in vitro and in vivo experiments. It was found that Vaspin reversed IL-1 beta-induced expression changes in chondrocytes, but miR155 mimics could reverse the effects on cholesterol efflux pathway. Furthermore, in a rat OA model, the decreased expression of cholesterol efflux related genes was associated with reduced Vaspin levels and increased miR155 expression in OA knee cartilage.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Saba Soltani, Motahareh Boozari, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: HDL plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases, while phytochemicals have the potential to enhance cholesterol efflux. Current research mostly focuses on preclinical studies, indicating a need for more clinical research to develop novel clinical applications.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Carmen Hoeschen, Johann Lugmeier
Summary: Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to study the chemical/elemental composition of samples by bombarding the surface with energetic primary ions and analyzing the secondary ions that escape. To ensure a clean surface and improve the yield of secondary ions, a larger region than the measurement area is pre-sputtered until a steady state is reached. We have developed a method called dynamic implantation, which allows for uniform pre-implantation of large regions of interest without causing overlapping shadows or sample deformation.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cheng Zhang, Xuewen Wu, Pengmin Shi, Hongyu Ma, Fei Fang, Qianlang Feng, Shuang Zhao, Ruipu Zhang, Jinyuan Huang, Xinting Xu, Weilie Xiao, Guang Cao, Xu Ji
Summary: In this study, it was found that diterpenoids from the traditional Chinese medicine Callicarpa rubella could effectively inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux, suggesting their potential as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Noflatscher, Monika Hunjadi, Michael Schreinlechner, Philip Sommer, Daniela Lener, Markus Theurl, Rudolf Kirchmair, Axel Bauer, Andreas Ritsch, Peter Marschang
Summary: In this study, a negative correlation was found between high peripheral plaque volume and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). This result supports the role of CEC in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Y. Aboura, K. L. Moore
Summary: Hydrogen embrittlement can cause catastrophic failure of high strength alloys. NanoSIMS is a crucial technique for mapping hydrogen and deuterium in metal samples at microstructurally relevant length scales. An experimental methodology for NanoSIMS analysis of deuterium has been established to uncover and minimize artefacts, ensuring accurate detection of localised hydrogen signals.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ya-qin Tang, Zhi-wei Li, Yu-fan Feng, Hong-qin Yang, Cui-liu Hou, Chi Geng, Pei-ran Yang, Hong-mei Zhao, Jing Wang
Summary: The study revealed that MK2206 has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic potential, reducing vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic lesions, and inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jae-Ho Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Eun-Ho Lee, Jeong-Yong Cho, Dae-Kyu Song, Young Jae Lee, Taeg Kyu Kwon, Byung-Chul Oh, Kae Won Cho, Timothy F. Osborne, Tae-Il Jeon, Seung-Soon Im
Summary: The study found that fat accumulation and inflammation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages were higher in HFHS-fed SCAP mKO mice compared to control mice. This effect was attributed to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in SREBP-1a. Mechanistically, SREBP-1a increased the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase transcription, leading to an increase in the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) and subsequent activation of liver X receptor alpha (LXRa), which promoted cholesterol efflux and limited cholesterol accumulation and M1 polarization. The activation of the SCAP-SREBP-1a pathway in macrophages could be a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling cholesterol homeostasis and ameliorating obesity.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laeticia Scherler, Sofia N. Verouti, Daniel Ackermann, Bruno Vogt, Genevieve Escher
Summary: In this study, adenine was used to induce nephropathy in mice, showing the loss of protective effects of renal cholesterol and vitamin D-3 metabolism under this condition. It was found that adenine enhanced cholesterol efflux and eliminated lipids in feces, which had a protective effect against atherosclerosis but also affected bone growth.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Shun Zhang, Lu Li, Jie Wang, Tingting Zhang, Ting Ye, Shuai Wang, Dongming Xing, Wujun Chen
Summary: lncRNAs, as a unique group of RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, regulate the roles of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in cholesterol efflux, influencing the development of atherosclerosis.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hongsup Yoon, Yuri Lee, Haryung Park, Hye-Ji Kang, Yosep Ji, Wilhelm H. Holzapfel
Summary: This study found that Lactobacillus johnsonii BFE6154 may protect against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the intestine and liver.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tianyu Xie, Wenyu Feng, Mingwei He, Xinli Zhan, Shijie Liao, Juliang He, Zhaojie Qin, Feicui Li, Jiake Xu, Yun Liu, Qingjun Wei
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, and the five-year survival rate is estimated to be around 70%. This study found that high expression of EVI2B gene is associated with good prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Clemence Simon, Antonino Asaro, Suihan Feng, Howard Riezman
Summary: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) metabolism is essential in eukaryotic cells but its complexity has hindered complete investigation. In this study, a photoactivation method targeting specific organelles was used to study PE metabolism in living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) released PE participate in phospholipid remodeling, while PE methylation could only be detected under specific conditions. Thus, this method provides a framework to study phospholipid metabolism at subcellular resolution.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fan Yang, Yuangang Su, Jiamin Liang, Keyi Wang, Haoyu Lian, Junchun Chen, Jiake Xu, Jinmin Zhao, Qian Liu
Summary: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by low bone mineral density and bone fragility. In this study, it was found that Casticin inhibits osteoclast activation and differentiation induced by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. Casticin also prevents bone loss and reduces osteoclast activity in vivo, suggesting its potential as a preventive treatment for osteoporosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Shangfu Li, Dian Teguh, Depeng Wu, Lesong Liu, Chaofeng Hu, Jinbo Yuan, Charles A. Inderjeeth, Jiake Xu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on osteoclast differentiation and function. The findings showed that AChEIs, particularly Donepezil and Rivastigmine, can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by regulating MAPK and NFATc1 signaling pathways through downregulating AChE. These results have important clinical implications for elderly patients with dementia and osteoporosis.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Emel Rothzerg, Wendy N. Erber, Christopher L. M. H. Gibbons, David Wood, Jiake Xu
Summary: Osteohematology is an emerging field studying the interaction between hematopoietic and bone stromal cells to understand hematological and skeletal malignancies and diseases. The Notch signaling pathway plays critical roles in embryonic development and cancer progression, including osteosarcoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Dysregulation of Notch-mediated malignant cells disrupts normal bone and bone marrow function, leading to disorders such as osteoporosis and bone marrow dysfunction. This mini-review summarizes the interplay between cells in bone and bone marrow under the Notch signaling pathway in both physiological and tumor microenvironments.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anni Kumari, Anne Louise Gronnemose, Kristian K. Kristensen, Anne-Marie L. Winther, Stephen G. Young, Thomas J. D. Jorgensen, Michael Ploug
Summary: The processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is crucial for delivering dietary lipids to specific tissues, and this process is regulated by a complex interplay between activators and inhibitors. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) inhibits LPL by reducing its stability, while apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2) activates LPL by increasing its stability. The binding sites of ANGPTL4 and APOC2 on LPL overlap, but they have distinct effects on LPL conformation and activity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pei Ying Ng, Amy B. P. Ribet, Qiang Guo, Benjamin H. Mullin, Jamie W. Y. Tan, Euphemie Landao-Bassonga, Sebastien Stephens, Kai Chen, Jinbo Yuan, Laila Abudulai, Maike Bollen, Edward T. T. T. Nguyen, Jasreen Kular, John M. Papadimitriou, Kent Soe, Rohan D. Teasdale, Jiake Xu, Robert G. Parton, Hiroshi Takayanagi, Nathan J. Pavlos
Summary: Using organelle-resolution proteomics, the authors identified Slc37a2 as a sugar transporter in osteoclast secretory lysosomes. They found that Slc37a2 is required for the maintenance of skeletal bone mass and that its deficiency leads to high bone mass in mice. This study provides new insights into the molecular composition and spatiotemporal organization of secretory lysosomes in osteoclasts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
L. M. Otter, K. Eder, M. R. Kilburn, L. Yang, P. O'Reilly, D. B. Nowak, J. M. Cairney, D. E. Jacob
Summary: The authors investigated the crystallization pathways involved in the formation of nacre and how they affect the incorporation of trace elements. They found that nacre grows through a two-step process and crystallizes through localised dissolution and reprecipitation. These findings provide insights into the incorporation of trace elements in natural biominerals and their hierarchical ultrastructure.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sipin Zhu, Ping Sun, Samuel Bennett, Oscar Charlesworth, Renxiang Tan, Xing Peng, Qiang Gu, Omar Kujan, Jiake Xu
Summary: This review summarizes the recent research progress of Parthenolide (PTL) as a medicinal compound, including its therapeutic effects on skeletal diseases, cancers, and inflammation-induced cytokine storm. Mechanistic investigations reveal that PTL predominantly inhibits NF-kappa B activation and other signaling pathways. It is also proposed that PTL could inhibit cytokine storms triggered by COVID-19 via blocking the activation of NF-kappa B signaling. Understanding the pharmacologic properties of PTL will assist in developing its therapeutic application for medical conditions such as arthritis, osteolysis, periodontal disease, cancers, and COVID-19-related disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sarah Rashid, Scott G. Wilson, Kun Zhu, John P. Walsh, Jiake Xu, Benjamin H. Mullin
Summary: This study analyzed the transcriptome of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their differentiated osteoclast-like cells in culture, identifying differentially expressed genes and associated biological pathways in the progression of osteoporosis. Several well-established osteoclast genes were significantly upregulated in osteoporosis, and the upregulated genes were involved in cell division, migration, adhesion, as well as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, lysosome, and focal adhesion pathways.
Review
Cell Biology
Liwei Mao, Lian Wang, Jiake Xu, Jun Zou
Summary: Integrins play a crucial role in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and cytokine receptor signal transduction, regulating bone metabolism. Recent studies have uncovered the involvement of integrins in bone metabolism pathways and their interaction with novel cytokines. Integrins act as transducers, mediating the effects of mechanical stress, fluid shear stress, microgravity, hypergravity, and other physical factors on bone-related cells. They also play a role in mediating bone metastasis of various cancers. Targeted therapy involving integrins shows promising potential for bone metabolic diseases. This review provides insights into the latest research on integrins in bone metabolism and metastasis and offers a vision for treatment strategies.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Joonyoung R. Kim, Paul H. Kim, Ashley Presnell, Yiping Tu, Stephen G. Young
Summary: This study demonstrates that the truncated lamin A in Lmna (-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts is predominantly nucleoplasmic rather than at the nuclear rim, providing an explanation for the lack of farnesylation in this mutant lamin A.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Minglian Xu, Dezhi Song, Xiaoxiao Xie, Yiwu Qin, Jian Huang, Chaofeng Wang, Junchun Chen, Yuangang Su, Jiake Xu, Jinmin Zhao, Qian Liu
Summary: This study found that CG inhibits osteoclast differentiation and function by inhibiting the activation of NFATc1 and ultimately osteoclast formation by inhibiting RANKL-mediated Ca2+ oscillation and the NF-KB/MAPK signaling pathway. CG also improved bone loss in ovariectomized mice, suggesting its potential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weilian Bao, Yan You, Jiahui Ni, Hui Hou, Jiaren Lyu, Guize Feng, Yirui Wang, Keyuan You, Sulin Zhang, Lijie Zhang, Xinyue Cao, Xu Wang, Haidong Li, Hong Li, Jiake Xu, Chenying Liu, Xiaomin Luo, Peng Du, Daofeng Chen, Xiaoyan Shen
Summary: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a crucial role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and the availability of cholesterol is critical for their stemness. This study identifies sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) as essential for maintaining ISCs stemness by increasing intracellular cholesterol synthesis. The inhibition of SNX10 shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for patients with Crohn's disease.
Article
Oncology
Wenyu Feng, Haiyingjie Lin, Emel Rothzerg, Dezhi Song, Wenxiang Zhao, Tingting Ning, Qingjun Wei, Jinmin Zhao, David Wood, Yun Liu, Jiake Xu
Summary: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary cancer in the skeletal system, with a high rate of lung metastasis, local recurrence, and death. The role of TRAIL receptors in OS has not been fully understood. This study used RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to investigate the expression profile of four TRAIL receptors in human OS cells. The results showed that TNFRSF10B and TNFRSF10D are differentially expressed in OS cells, while TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10C remained stable. Furthermore, these receptors were most abundantly expressed in endothelial cells of OS tissues, providing a potential therapeutic target for OS and other cancers.
CANCER INFORMATICS
(2023)